“Sonate, que me veux tu?” “Sonata, what do you want of me?” This plaintive query, attributed to Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle in the early eighteenth century, rapidly took on a life of its own, appearing again and again as the eighteenth century grappled with the problem of defining the aesthetic significance and exact meaning of instrumental music. That it took so long for someone to respond, “Why should it have to mean anything?” reflects the fact that the fledgling discipline of aesthetics lay firmly in the grip of the theory of mimesis. Mimesis was a concept resurrected from classical Greek philosophy, most notably from Aristotle's Poetics; in its simplest formulation it held that art should imitate nature. Its resurrection in the eighteenth century was tied to the attempt to raise the arts to a level worthy of philosophical contemplation, to accord them a more exalted place than they could ever have had as mere crafts.