Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-vpsfw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-19T01:06:35.207Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 10 - Depression, Self-Harm and Suicidal Behaviour in Young Offenders

from Section 4 - Assessment and Management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2017

Susan Bailey
Affiliation:
Academy of Medical Royal Colleges (AOMRC), London
Paul Tarbuck
Affiliation:
University of Central Lancashire, Preston
Prathiba Chitsabesan
Affiliation:
Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Forensic Child and Adolescent Mental Health
Meeting the Needs of Young Offenders
, pp. 135 - 151
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alexander, J. F. and Parsons, B. V. (1982). Functional Family Therapy. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th Edition. Washington, DC: APA.Google Scholar
Anderson, M., Woodward, L. and Armstrong, M. (2004). Self harm in young people: a perspective for mental health nursing care. International Nursing Review, 51, 222228.Google Scholar
Angold, A., Erkanli, A., Silberg, J., Eaves, L. and Costello, E. J. (2002). Depression scale scores in 8–17-year-olds: effects of age and gender. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43(8), 10521063.Google Scholar
Axelson, D. A. and Birmaher, B. (2001). Relation between anxiety and depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence. Depress Anxiety, 14(2), 6778.Google Scholar
Balis, T. and Postolache, T. T. (2008). Ethnic differences in adolescent suicide in the United States. International Journal of Child Health and Human Development, 1, 281296.Google Scholar
Barker, E., O’Gorman, J. and DeLeo, D. (2014). Suicide around anniversary times. Omega. Journal of Death and Dying, 69(3), 305310.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T., Kovacs, M. and Weissman, A. (1979) Assessment of suicidal intention: the Scale for Suicide Ideation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47(2), 343352. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.47.2.343. Accessed 31 October 2016.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T. and Steer, R. A. (1988). Beck Hopelessness Scale Manual. San Antonia: Tex Psychological Corporation.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T. and Steer, R. A. (1991). Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. San Antonia: Tex Psychological Corporation.Google Scholar
Blaauw, E., Arensman, E., Kraaij, V., Winkel, F. W. and Bout, R. (2002). Traumatic life events and suicide risk among jail inmates: the influence of types of events, time period and significant others. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 15(1), 916.Google Scholar
Bonner, R. L. and Rich, A. R. (1990). Psychosocial vulnerability, life stress, and suicide ideation in a jail population: a cross-validation study. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 20(3), 213224.Google Scholar
Bradley, K. (2009). The Bradley Report: a Review of People with Mental Health Problems and Learning Disabilities in the Criminal Justice System. Available from: www.rcpsych.ac.uk/pdf/Bradley%20Report11.pdf. Accessed 19 October 2016.Google Scholar
Brent, D., Kerr, M., Goldstein, C., Bozigar, J., Wartella, M. and Allan, M. (1989). An outbreak of suicide and suicidal behaviour in a high school. Journal of American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 28(6), 918924.Google Scholar
Brent, D. A., Perper, J. A. and Moritz, G. et al. (1993). Bereavement of depression. The impact of the loss of a friend to suicide. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 11891197.Google Scholar
Bridge, J. A., Goldstein, T. R. and Brent, D. A. (2006). Adolescent suicide and suicidal behaviour. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47 (3), 372494.Google Scholar
Brodie, I., Berridge, D. and Beckett, W. (1997). The health of children looked after by local authorities. British Journal of Nursing, 6(7), 386390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, J., Cohen, P., Johnson, J. and Smaile, E. (1999). Childhood abuse and neglect: specificity of effects on adolescent and young adult depression and suicidality. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(12), 14901496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chanen, A. M., Jackson, H. J., McCutcheon, L. K., Jovev, M., Dudgeon, P., Yuen, H. P., Germano, D., Nistico, H., McDougall, E., Weinstein, C., Clarkson, V. and McGorry, P. D. (2008). Early intervention for adolescents with borderline personality disorder using cognitive analytic therapy: randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 193(6), 477484. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.107.048934.Google Scholar
Chitsabesan, P., Kroll, L., Bailey, S., Kenning, C., Sneider, S., MacDonald, W. and Theodosiou, L. (2006). Mental health needs of young offenders in custody and in the community. British Journal of Psychiatry, 188, 534540.Google Scholar
Chitsabesan, P., Lennox, C., Theodosiou, L., Law, H., Bailey, S. and Shaw, J. (2014). The development of the comprehensive health assessment tool for young offenders within the secure estate. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 25(1), 125.Google Scholar
Chretien, R. D. and Persinger, M. A. (2000). ‘Prefrontal Deficits’ discriminate young offenders from age-matched controls: juvenile delinquency as an expected feature of the normal distribution of prefrontal cerebral development. Psychological Reports, 87(3f), 11961202.Google Scholar
Coid, J., Petruckevitch, A., Bebbington, P., Bragha, T., Bhugra, D., Jenkins, R., Farren, M., Lewis, G. and Singleton, N. (2002). Ethnic differences in Prisoners. 1: criminality and psychiatric morbidity. British Journal of Psychiatry, 181, 473–80Google Scholar
Cotgrove, A. J., Zirinsky, L., Black, D. and Weston, D. (1995). Secondary prevention of attempted suicide in adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 18, 569577.Google Scholar
Cousins, W., McGowan, I. and Milner, S (2008). Self harm and attempted suicide in young people looked after in state care. Journal of Children People’s Nursing, 2(2), 5154CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curry, J., Wells, K., Lochman, J., Craighead, E. and Nagy, P. (2003). Cognitive behavioral intervention for depressed, substance-abusing adolescents: development and pilot testing. Journal of the American Academy for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42, 656665.Google Scholar
Daniel, A. (2006). Preventing suicide in prison: a collaborative responsibility of administrative, custodial, and clinical staff. Journal of American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 34, 165175.Google Scholar
De Leo, D., Burgis, S., Bertolote, J. M., Kerkhof, A. J. M. and Bille-Brahe, U. (2006). Definitions of suicidal behavior lessons learned from the WHO/EURO multicentre study, Crisis, 27, 415.Google Scholar
Department of Health (2001). Changing the Outlook – A Strategy for Developing and Modernizing Mental Health Services in Prisons. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Department of Health (2002). National Suicide Prevention Strategy for England. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Diamond, G. S., Wintersteen, M. B., Brown, G. K., Diamond, G. M., Gallop, R., Shelef, K. and Levy, S. (2010). Attachment based family therapy for adolescents with suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49, 122131.Google Scholar
Donaldson, D., Spirito, A. and Eposito-Smithers, C. (2005). Treatment for adolescents following a suicide attempt: results of a pilot trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44(2), 113120.Google Scholar
Dooley, E. (1990). Prison suicide in England and Wales, 1972–87. British Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 4045.Google Scholar
Douglas, N. and Plugge, E. (2008). The health needs of imprisoned female juvenile offenders: the views of the young women prisoners and youth justice professionals. International Journal of Prisoner Health, 4(2), 6676. doi: 10.1080/17449200802038256.Google Scholar
Durkheim, E. (1897). Le Suicide: Etude de suicide: Etude de sociologie first published 1897, Paris. English edition ‘Suicide’ first published 1952 by Routledge & Kegan Paul Ld. Reprinted 2002 by London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd.Google Scholar
Evans, E., Hawton, K. and Rodham, K. (2004). Factors associated with suicidal phenomena in adolescents: a systematic review of population-based studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 24(8), 957979.Google Scholar
Evans., E., Hawton, K. and Rodham, K. (2005). In what ways are adolescents who engage in self-harm or experience thoughts of self-harm different in terms of help-seeking, communication and coping strategies? Journal of Adolescent, 28, 573587.Google Scholar
Fazel, S., Doll, H. and Langastro, N. (2008). Mental disorders among adolescents in juvenile detention and correctional facilities: a systematic review and metaregression analysis of 25 surveys. Journal of the American Academy for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 10101019.Google Scholar
Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J. and Lynskey, M. T. (1995). Maternal depressive symptoms and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology Psychiatry, 36, 11611178.Google Scholar
Gallagher, C. A. and Dobrin, A. (2006). Deaths in juvenile justice residential facilities. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(6), 662668.Google Scholar
Goodyer, I. M., Herbert, J., Tamplin, A. and Altham, P. M. E. (2000). Recent life events, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone and the onset of major depression in high-risk adolescents. British Journal of Psychiatry, 177, 499504.Google Scholar
Gore, S. (1999). Suicide in prisons: reflection of the communities served, or exacerbated risk? British Journal of Psychiatry, 175, 5055.Google Scholar
Gould, M. S., King, R., Greenwald, S., Fisher, P., Schwab-Stone, M., Kramer, R., Flisher, A. J., Goodman, S., Canino, G. and Shaffer, D. (1998). Psychopathology associated with suicidal ideation and attempts among children and adolescents. Journal of American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(9), 915923.Google Scholar
Green, J. M., Wood, A. J., Kerfoot, M. J., Trainor, G., Roberts, C., Rothwell, J., Woodham, A., Ayodeji, E., Barrett, B., Byford, S. and Harrington, R. (2011). Group therapy for adolescents with repeated self harm: randomised controlled trial with economic evaluation. British Medical Journal, 342, d682. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d682.Google Scholar
Hales, H., Davison, S., Misch, P. and Taylor, P. J. (2003). Young male prisoners in a young offender institution: their experience of suicide attempts by others. Journal of Adolescence, 26, 667685.Google Scholar
Hales, H., Edmondson, A., Davison, S., Maughan, B. and Taylor, P. J. (2014). The impact of contact with suicide-related behaviour in prison in young offenders. CRISIS, 31, 2130.Google Scholar
Harrington, R. (2001). Depression, suicide and deliberate self-harm in adolescence. British Medical Bulletin, 57, 4760.Google Scholar
Harrington, R. and Maskey, S. (2008). Behaviour disorders in children and adolescents. Medicine, 36, 482485.Google Scholar
Harrington, R., Whittaker, J., Shoebridge, P. and Campbell, F. (1998). Systematic review of effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapies in child and adolescent depressive disorder. British Medical Journal, 316, 57(1), 15591563.Google Scholar
Harrington, R., Bailey, S., Chitsabesan, P. D., Kroll, L., Macdonald, W. and Sneider, S. (2005). Mental Health Needs and Effectiveness of Provision for Young Offenders in Custody and in the Community. Youth Justice Board publication. Available from: www.mac-uk.org/wped/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Youth-Justice-Board-MentalHealthNeeds-of-Young-Offenders.pdf. Accessed 19 October 2016.Google Scholar
Hawton, K. and Fagg, J. (1992). Deliberate self-poisoning and injury in adolescents: a study of characteristics and trends in Oxford 1976–89. British Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 816823.Google Scholar
Hawton, K. and Harriss, L. (2008). Deliberate self harm by under 15 year olds: characteristics, trends and outcome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(4), 441448.Google Scholar
Hawton, K., Simkin, S. and Deeks, J. (1999). Effects of a drug overdose in a television drama on presentations to hospital for self poisoning: time series and questionnaire study. British Medical Journal, 318, 972977.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawton, K., Harriss, L. and Rodham, K. (2010). How adolescents who cut themselves differ from those who take overdoses. European Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 19, 513523. doi: 10.1007/s00787-009-0065-0. Epub 26 September 2009.Google Scholar
Hawton, K., Linsell, L., Adeniji, T., Sariaslan, A. and Fazel, S. (2014). Self-harm in prisons in England and Wales: an epidemiological study of prevalence, risk factors, clustering, and subsequent suicide, Lancet. March 29, 383, 11471154. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62118-2. Epub 16 December 2013.Google Scholar
Hazell, P. L., Martin, G., McGill, K., Kay, T., Wood, A., Trainor, G. and Harrington, R. (2009). Group therapy for repeated deliberate self-harm in adolescents: failure of replication of a randomized trial. Journal of American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 48, 662670. doi: 10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181aOacec.Google Scholar
Henggeler, S. W. and Borduin, C. M. (1990). Family Therapy and Beyond: A Multisystemic approach to Treating the Behavior Problems of Children and Adolescents. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.Google Scholar
HMIP (2014). HM Chief Inspector of Prisons for England and Wales Annual Report 2013–2014.Google Scholar
Jacobson, J., Bhardwa, B., Gyateng, T., Hunter, G. and Hough, M. (2010). Punishing Disadvantage – A Profile of Children in Custody. London: Prison Reform Trust.Google Scholar
Jenkins, R., Bhugra, D., Meltzer, H., Singleton, N., Bebbington, P., Brugha, T., Coid, J., Farrell, M., Lewis, G. and Paton, J. (2005). Psychiatric and social aspects of suicidal behaviour in prisions. Psychological Medicine, 35, 257269.Google Scholar
Kazdin, A. E., Holland, L., Crowley, M. and Breton, S. (1997). Barriers to treatment participation scale: evaluation and validation in the context of child outpatient treatment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 10511062.Google Scholar
Kerfoot, M., Dyer, E., Harrington, V., Woodham, A. and Harrington, R. (1996). Correlates and short-term course of self-poisoning in adolescents. British Journal of Psychiatry, 168, 3842.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kessler, R., Borges, G. and Walters, E. (1999). Prevalence of the risk factors for lifetime suicide attempts in the national comorbibity survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 617626.Google Scholar
King, C. A., Kramer, A., Preuss, L., Kerr, D. C., Weisse, L., Venkataraman, S. (2006). Youth-Nominated Support Team for Suicidal Adolescents (Version 1): a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(1), 199206.Google Scholar
King, C. A., Klaus, N., Kramer, A., Venkataraman, S., Quinlan, P. and Gillespie, B. (2009). Youth-Nominated Support Team-Version II for suicidal adolescents: a randomized controlled intervention trail. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(5), 880893. doi: 10.1037/a0016552.Google Scholar
Kircher, T., Forns, M. and Mohiano, S. (2008). Identifying the risk of deliberate self-harm among young prisoners by means of coping typologies. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour, 38(4), 442448. First published online: 1 June 2011. doi:10.1521/suli.2008.38.4.442. 2008.Google Scholar
Knowles, S. E. and Townsend, E. (2011). Implicit and explicit attitudes toward self harm: Support for a functional model. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43(2), 730736. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep. 2011.10.007. Epub 2011.Google Scholar
Kroll, L., Rothwell, J., Bradley, D., Shah, P., Bailey, S. and Harrington, R. C. (2002). Mental health needs of boys in secure care for serious or persistent offending: a prospective, longitudinal study. Lancet, 359, 19751979.Google Scholar
Kuo, W.-H., Gallo, J. J. and Tien, A. Y. (2001). Incidence of suicide ideation and attempts in adults: The 13-year follow-up of a community sample in Baltimore, Maryland. Psychological Medicine, 31, 11811191.Google Scholar
Lader, D. Singleton, N. and Meltzer, H. (2000). Psychiatric Morbidity Amongst Young Offenders in England and Wales. London: Office for National Statistics.Google Scholar
Linehan, M. M., Schmidt, H., Dimeff, L. A., Kanter, J. W., Craft, J. C., Comtois, K. A. and Recknor, K. L. (1999). Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder and Drug-Dependence. American Journal on Addiction, 8, 279292.Google Scholar
Lohner, J. and Konrad, N. (2006). Deliberate self-harm and suicide attempt in custody: distinguishing features. International Journal of Law Psychiatry, Sepember–October 29(5), 370385. Epub 19 June 2006.Google Scholar
Madge., N., Hewitt, A., Hawton., K., de Wilde., E., Corcoran., P., Fekete, S., van Heeringen, K., De Leo, D. and Ystgaard, M. (2008). Deliberate self harm within an international community sample of young people: comparative findings from the Child and Adolescent Self Harm in Europe (CASE) study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(6), 667677.Google Scholar
McDougall, T. and Jones, C. (2007). Dialectical behavioural therapy for young offenders: lessons from the USA. Part 2. Mental Health Practice, 11: 2021.Google Scholar
McDougall, T., Armstrong, M. and Trainor, G. (2010). Helping Children and Young People Who Self-harm: An Introduction to Self-harming and Suicidal Behaviours for Health Professionals. Abingdon: Taylor and Francis Oxfordshire.Google Scholar
McGuire, J. E. (1995). What Works: Reducing Reoffending: Guidelines from Research and Practice. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Miller, A. Rathus, J. and Linehan, M. (2007). Dialectic Behavior Therapy with Suicidal Adolescents. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Morgan, J. and Hawton, K. (2004). Self-reported suicidal behaviour in juvenile offenders in custody: prevalence and associated factors. Crisis, 25, 811.Google Scholar
Mufson, L., Dorta, K. P., Moreau, D. and Weissman, M. M. (2011). Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Adolescents. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health (2009). Available from: www.ncc-wch.org.uk/guidelines/. Accessed 19 October 2016.Google Scholar
National Confidential Inquiry (NCI) (2001). Safety First: Five-Year Report of the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. London: Department of Health.Google Scholar
National Confidential Inquiry (NCI) (2011). The National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. A National Study of Self-Inflicted Deaths in Prison Custody in England and Wales from 1999 to 2007.Google Scholar
NICE (2005). Depression in Children and Young People: Identification and Management in Primary, Community and Secondary Care(Updated March 2015). National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg28. Accessed 19 October 2016.Google Scholar
NICE (2004). Self-harm: The short-term physical and psychological management and secondary prevention of self-harm in primary and secondary care. National Institute for Health and Social Care. Available from: www.nice.uk/guinance/cg16/resources/guidance-selfharm-pdf. Accessed 19 October 2016.Google Scholar
NICE (2011). NICE guidelines [CG133] Self-harm: Longer term management. Available from: www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg133. Accessed 19 October 2016.Google Scholar
Nock, M., Joiner, T., Gordon, K., Lloyd-Richardson, E. and Prinstein, M. (2009). Non suicidal self injury among adolescents: diagnostic correlates and relation to suicide attempts. Psychiatry Research, 144(1), 6572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Offender Health Research Network (OHRN) (2013). Manual for the Comphrehensive Health Assessment Tool (CHAT): Young People in the Secure Estate. The Offender Health Research Network; Online. Available from: www.ohrn.nhs.uk/OHRNResearch/CHATManualSecure.pdf. Accessed 31 October 2016.Google Scholar
Office for National Statistics (ONS) (2005). Mental Health in Children and Young People in Great Britain, 2004. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Office for National Statistics (ONS) (2006). Suicide Trends and Geographical Variations in the United Kingdom, 1991–2004. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Office for National Statistics (ONS) (2013). What are the top causes of death by age and gender? Part of Mortality Statistics: Deaths Registered in England and Wales, 2012 release. Available from: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160105160709/; www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/vsob1/mortality-statistics-deaths-registered-in-england-and-wales-series-dr-/2012/sty-causes-of-death.html. Accessed 19 October 2016.Google Scholar
Ougrin, D., Zundel, T., Ng, A., Banarsee, R., Bottle, A., Taylor, E. (2011). Trial of therapeutic assessment in London: randomised controlled trial of therapeutic assessment versus standard psychosocial assessment in adolescents presenting with self-harm. Arch Dis Child, 96(2), 148153. doi: 10.1136/adc.2010.188755. Epub 27 October 2010.Google Scholar
Ougrin, D., Tranah, T., Leigh, E., Taylor, L. and Asarnow, J. R. (2012). Practitioner review: Self-harm in adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53, 337350. doi: 10.1111/j.1469–7610.2012.02525.x.Google Scholar
Owens, D., Horrocks, J. and House, A. (2002). Fatal and non fatal repetition of self harm. British Journal of Psychiatry, 181, 193199.Google Scholar
Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology (POST) (2008). Alternatives to custodial sentencing, May 2008. POST note 08/308.Google Scholar
Penn, J. V., Esposito, C. L., Schaeffer, L. E., Fritz, G. K. and Spirito, A. (2003). Suicide attempts and self-mutilative behavior in a juvenile correctional facility. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42, 762769.Google Scholar
Pirkis, J. and Machlin, A. (2013). Differing perspectives on what is important in media reporting of suicide. British Journal of Psychiatry, Sepember, 203(3), 168169. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.112.124396.Google Scholar
Prisons and Probation Ombudsman for England and Wales (PPO) (2014). Learning from PPO investigations: Self-inflicted deaths of prisoners on ACCT April 2014. Available from: www.ppo.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/ACCT_thematic_final_web.pdf#view=FitH. Accessed 19 October 2016.Google Scholar
Prison Reform Trust (2012). Fatally Flawed: Has the State Learned Lessons from the Deaths of Children and Young People in Prison? London.Google Scholar
Qin, P., Agerbo, E. and Bio Mortensen, P. (2002). Suicide Risk Management Strategy. Edinburgh: Scottish Prison Service Occasional Paper Services 01/2003.Google Scholar
Reinecke, M. A. and Shirk., S. R. (2005). Psychotherapy with adolescents. In Gabbard, G. O., Beck, J. S. and Holmes, J. Editors. Oxford Textbook of Psychotherapy (ch. 30, pp. 353366). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rodham, K., Hawton, K. and Evans, E. (2004). Reasons for deliberate self-harm: Comparison of self-poisoners and self-cutters in a community sample of adolescents. Journal of American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(1), 8087.Google Scholar
Roy, A. (2006). Family history of suicide and impulsivity. Archives of Suicide Research, 10, 347352.Google Scholar
Roy, A., Rylander, G. and Sarchapone, M. (1997). Genetics of suicide. Family studies and molecular genetics. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 836, 135157.Google Scholar
Ruchkin, V. V., Schwab-Stone, M., Koposov, R. A., Vermeiren, R. and King, R. A. (2003). Suicidal ideations and attempts in juvenile delinquents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, October, 44(7), 10581066.Google Scholar
Rueter, M. A., Scaramella, L., Wallace, L. E. and Conger, R. D. (1999). First onset of depressive or anxiety disorders predicted by the longitudinal course of internalizing symptoms and parent-adolescent disagreements. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56(8), 726732.Google Scholar
Sawyer, M. G., Arney, F. M., Baghurst, P. A., Clark, J. J., Graetz, B. W., Kosky, R. J., Nurcombe, B., Patton, G. C., Prior, M. R., Raphael, B. and Rey, J. M. (2001). The mental health of young people in Australia: key findings from the child and adolescent component of the national survey of mental health and well-being. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35(6), 806814.Google Scholar
Schreidman, E. (1993). Suicide as Psychache. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Schuppert, H. M., Giesen-Bloo, J., Van Gemert, T. G., Wiersema, H. M., Minderaa, R. B., Emmelkamp, P. M. and Nauta, M. H. (2009). Effectiveness of an emotion regulation group training for adolescents – a randomized controlled pilot study. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 16, 467478.Google Scholar
Scrowcroft, E. (2014). Samaritans Suicide Statistics Report 2014: Including Data for 2010–2012. Available from: www.samaritans.org/sites/default/files/kcfinder/files/research/Samaritans%20Suicide%20Statics%20Report%202014.pdf. Accessed 19 October 2016.Google Scholar
Shaffer, D. (1974). Suicide in childhood and early adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 15: 275291.Google Scholar
Shaw, J., Appleby, L. and Baker, D. (2003). Safer Prisons. A National Study of Prison Suicides 1999–2000 by the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicides and Homicides by People with Mental Illness. Department of Health.Google Scholar
Shaw, J., Baker, D., Hunt, I. M., Moloney, A. and Appleby, L. (2004). Suicide by prisoners: national clinical survey. British Journal of Psychiatry, 184: 263267.Google Scholar
Sherman, L. G. and Morschauser, P. C. (1989). Screening for suicide risk in inmates. Psychiatric Quarterly, 60(2), 119138.Google Scholar
Social Care Institute for Excellence (2005). SCIE Research briefing 16: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) among children and adolescents: Who is at risk and how is it recognised? Available from: www.scie.org.uk/publications/briefings/briefing16/. Accessed 19 October 2016.Google Scholar
Spirito, A., Boergers, J., Donaldson, D., Bishop, D. and Lewander, W. (2002). An intervention trial to improve adherence to community treatment by adolescents after a suicide attempt. Journal of American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, April, 41(4), 435442.Google Scholar
Stallard, P., Thomason, J. and Churchyard, S. (2003). The mental health of young people attending a youth offending team: a descriptive study. Journal of Adolescence, February, 26(1), 3343.Google Scholar
Steer, R. A., Beck, A. T., Brown, G. K. and Beck, J. S. (1993). Classification of suicidal and nonsuicidal outpatients: a cluster-analytic approach. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49(5), 603614.Google Scholar
Sukhodolsky, D. G. and Ruchkin, V. (2006). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments in the juvenile justice system. Child Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 15, 501516.Google Scholar
Taiminen, T., Kallio-Soukainen, K., Nokso-Koivisto, H., Kalijonen, A. and Helenius, H. (1998). Contagion of deliberate self-harm among adolescent inpatients. Journal of American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(2), 211217.Google Scholar
Teplin, L. A., Abram, K. M., McClelland, G. M., Dulcan, M. K. and Mericle, A. A. (2002). Psychiatric disorders in youth in juvenile detention. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, 11331143.Google Scholar
Teplin, A., Welty, L., Abram, K., Dulcan, M. and Washburn, J. (2012). Prevealence and persistence of psychiatric disorders in youth after detention: a prospective longitudinal study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69(10), 10311043.Google Scholar
Townsend, E., Walker, D. M., Sargeant, S., Vostanis, P., Hawton, K., Stocker, O. and Sithole, J. (2010). Systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions relevant for young offenders with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, or self-harm. Journal of Adolescent, 33(1), 920. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.05.015. Epub 27 June 2009. Review.Google Scholar
Utting, W. B. and Department of Health. (1997). People Like Us: Report of the Review of the Safeguards for Children Living Away from Home. London: Stationary Office Books.Google Scholar
Vermeiren, R., Jespers, I. and Moffitt, T. (2006). Mental health problems in juvenile justice populations. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 15(2), 333351.Google Scholar
Vreugdenhil, C., Doreleijers, T. A. H., Vermeiren, R., Wouters, L. F. J. M. and van den Brink, W. (2004). Psychiatric disorders in a representative sample of incarcerated boys in the Netherlands. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 97110.Google Scholar
Wood, A., Trainor, G., Rothwell, J., Moore, A. and Harrington, R. (2001). A randomized controlled trial of group therapy for repeated deliberate self-harm in adolescents. Journal of the American Academy for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 12461253.Google Scholar
Woodroffe, C., Glickman, M., Barker, M. and Power, C. (1993). Young Persons, Teenagers and Health: Key Data. Buckingham: Open University Press.Google Scholar
World Health Organisation (WHO) (1993). International Classification of Disease ICD-10 Geneva. Available from: www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/. Accessed 19 October 2016.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×