Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Nomenclature
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Theory of Isolated Droplet Vaporization, Heating, and Acceleration
- 3 Multicomponent Liquid Droplets
- 4 Droplet Arrays and Groups
- 5 Spray Equations
- 6 Computational Issues
- 7 Spray Applications
- 8 Droplet Interactions with Turbulence and Vortical Structures
- 9 Droplet Behavior at Near-Critical, Transcritical, and Supercritical Conditions
- Appendix A The Field Equations
- Appendix B Droplet-Model Summary
- Appendix C Guiding Principles for Two-Continua Formulation
- References
- Subject Index
7 - Spray Applications
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 October 2009
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Nomenclature
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Theory of Isolated Droplet Vaporization, Heating, and Acceleration
- 3 Multicomponent Liquid Droplets
- 4 Droplet Arrays and Groups
- 5 Spray Equations
- 6 Computational Issues
- 7 Spray Applications
- 8 Droplet Interactions with Turbulence and Vortical Structures
- 9 Droplet Behavior at Near-Critical, Transcritical, and Supercritical Conditions
- Appendix A The Field Equations
- Appendix B Droplet-Model Summary
- Appendix C Guiding Principles for Two-Continua Formulation
- References
- Subject Index
Summary
The spray equations have been studied and solved for many applications: singlecomponent and multicomponent liquids, high-temperature and low-temperature gas environments, monodisperse and polydisperse droplet-size distributions, steady and unsteady flows, one-dimensional and multidimensional flows, laminar and turbulent regimes, subcritical and supercritical thermodynamic regimes, and recirculating (strongly elliptical) and nonrecirculating (hyperbolic, parabolic, or weakly elliptic) flows. The analyses discussed here will not be totally inclusive of all of the interesting analyses that have been performed; rather, only a selection is presented.
Spray flows can be classified in various ways. One important issue concerns whether the gas is turbulent or laminar. In this chapter, only laminar flows are considered; the turbulent situation is discussed in Chapter 8. Another issue concerns whether thermodynamic conditions are subcritical, on the one hand, or near critical to supercritical, on the other hand. In this chapter, only subcritical situations are discussed. Near-critical and supercritical behavior will be discussed in Chapter 9.
In the most general spray case, the gas and the droplets are not in thermal and kinematic equilibria, that is, the droplet temperature and the droplet velocity differ from those properties of the surrounding gas. Of course, heat transfer and drag forces result in the tendency to move toward equilibrium. The equilibrium case is sometimes described as a locally homogeneous flow. It is possible to have thermal equilibrium or kinematic equilibrium without the other.
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- Information
- Fluid Dynamics and Transport of Droplets and Sprays , pp. 211 - 237Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1999