Data used

European Company Survey 2013

To examine the provision of flexitime, the ECS of 2013 from the European Foundation is used. The ECS provides information at the establishment level on various workplace practices, ranging from working time to social dialogue. A representative sample of establishments with more than ten employees was gathered from 32 countries, including the EU28 member states and four candidate countries – namely, Iceland, Montenegro, FYROM and Turkey. Of those I only use data from the EU28 countries. The survey was conducted during February and March 2013 via telephone, with personnel managers of over 30,0000 establishments and employee representatives from 9,000 establishments being interviewed. This book makes use of the data from the manager survey, which covers a wider and more representative range of companies. The survey gathered data from approximately 1,000 companies per country, proportionate to the country size, using a disproportionate sample method to gather data from sufficient numbers of companies in each category of size and sector, resulting in just under 30,000 cases. Establishment weighting is used in this book: this allows the data to be more representative of the real composition of companies in terms of size and sector (with the exception of agriculture and fishing industries) as well as the size of each country. For more detail on the survey see: www.eurofound.europa.eu/surveys/european-company-surveys/european-company-survey-2013/ecs-2013-methodology

European Working Conditions Survey 2015

This EWCS data is gathered by the European Foundation and aims to provide information on a number of dimensions of working conditions for workers across Europe. Individuals across the European Union (EU28) and five candidate countries were included. In this book, for comparability issues, I use the EU28 member states. A random stratified sampling procedure was used to gather a representative sample of those aged 15 or over and in employment (minimum one hour a week) at the time of the survey and was conducted through face-to-face interviews. Approximately 1,000 cases are included per country with varying response rates. Of the total sample, I restrict the analysis to those in dependent employment, and further exclude those in the armed forces, and in agriculture/fishery due to the specific nature of these jobs.