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Chapter 9 - Abnormal Placenta

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 June 2023

Edited by
Zarko Alfirevic ,
Seshadri Suresh  and
Jonathan Hyett
Zarko Alfirevic
Affiliation:
Liverpool Women's Hospital
Seshadri Suresh
Affiliation:
Mediscan, Chennai
Jonathan Hyett
Affiliation:
Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney
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Summary

The chapter covers the reasons for placenta being too large or too small and conditions that lead to an abnormal placental texture, including haematomas, lakes, chorioangioma and calcifications. Types of abnormally shaped placenta (circumvallate, succenturiate) are described. Detailed management plans are outlined for placenta accreta spectrum, molar looking placenta, placenta praevia and suspected caesarean scar pregnancy. The chapters also covers counselling, postnatal tests and treatment options when postnatal placental histology reveals an abnormality, namely villitis of unknown aetiology, chronic histiocytic intervillositis, or massive perivillous fibrin deposition.

Type
Chapter
Information
Fetal Medicine
An Illustrated Textbook
 , pp. 292 - 309
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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References

Primary Sources

Ben Nagi, J, Helmy, S, Ofili-Yebovi, D, et al. Reproductive outcomes of women with a previous history of Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancies. Hum Reprod 2007;22(7):2012–2015.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harb, HM, Knight, M, Bottomley, C, et al. Caesarean scar pregnancy in the UK: a national cohort study. BJOG 2018;125:1663–1670.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Secondary Sources

Buca, D, Iacovella, C, Khalil, A, et al. Perinatal outcome of pregnancies complicated by placental chorioangioma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020;55(4):441–449.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, A, Roberts, DJ. Placental pathologic lesions with a significant recurrence risk – what not to miss! APMIS 2018;126:589–601.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Colpaert, RM, Ramseyer, AM, Luu, T, et al. Diagnosis and management of placental mesenchymal disease: a review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2019;74(10):611–622.Google ScholarPubMed
Fadl, SA, Linnau, KF, Dighe, MK. Placental abruption and hemorrhage: review of imaging appearance. Emerg Radiol 2019;26(1):87–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jauniaux, E, Alfirevic, Z, Bhide, AG, et al. Placenta praevia and placenta accreta: diagnosis and management: Green-top Guideline No. 27a. BJOG 2019;126(1):e1–e48.Google ScholarPubMed
Liu, L, Ross, WT, Chu, AL, Deimling, TA. An updated guide to the diagnosis and management of caesarean scar pregnancies. Curr Opinn Obstet Gynecol 2020;32:255–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mirza, FG, Ghulmiyyah, LM, Tamim, H, et al. To ignore or not to ignore placental calcifications on prenatal ultrasound: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018;31(6):797–804.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morlando, M, Buca, D, Timor-Tritsch, I, et al. Reproductive outcome after cesarean scar pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2020;99(10):1278–1289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sentilhes, L, Kayem, G, Silver, RM. Conservative management of placenta accreta spectrum. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2018;61(4):783–794CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zilberman Sharon, N, Maymon, R, Melcer, Y, Jauniaux, E. Obstetric outcomes of twin pregnancies presenting with a complete hydatidiform mole and coexistent normal fetus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG 2020;127(12):1450–1457.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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