Introduction

The development of New Spirituality, also called New Age or alternative spiritualities, is closely associated with globalization, a process that mobilizes a wide range of religious referents and practices. However, globalization does not imply merely a local, passive appropriation of external religious beliefs and practices, for it involves interactions with local contexts that in turn provide symbols and ideologies leading to cultural hybridity. In this regard, new Spirituality has found fertile soil in Japan, a nation that has long cultivated a religious culture that is vibrant and dynamic in its own right, yet is receptive to foreign influences that suit local purposes.

The present work is part of an ongoing research project and is partly based on the data collected during fieldwork in the summer of 2009 around Mt Ikoma, a mountain range in the Kinki area of Japan where the religious culture has been shaped by Buddhist schools of thought, folk religion, Korean shamanism and New Religions. Due to the paucity of information on new spirituality in Ikoma and limited empirical data collected through fieldwork to date, this research is still in its infancy and as such this chapter only aspires to: 1) provide an overview of the emergence of New Spirituality in Mt Ikoma; and 2) explore the neo-syncretism or interaction of New Spirituality with Ikoma’s traditional religious culture as one way in which New Spirituality and the process of globalization are closely related.