Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-dnltx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T11:44:08.782Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

23 - Developing integrated approaches to nitrogen management

from Part V - European nitrogen policies and future challenges

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2011

By
Oene Oenema ,
Joost Salomez ,
Cristina Branquinho ,
Michaela Budňáková ,
Pavel Čermák ,
Markus Geupel ,
Penny Johnes ,
Chris Tompkins ,
Till Spranger  and
Jan Willem Erisman
...Show all authors
Edited by
Mark A. Sutton ,
Clare M. Howard ,
Jan Willem Erisman ,
Gilles Billen ,
Albert Bleeker ,
Peringe Grennfelt ,
Hans van Grinsven  and
Bruna Grizzetti
Oene Oenema
Affiliation:
Wageningen University and Research Centre
Joost Salomez
Affiliation:
Flemish Government
Cristina Branquinho
Affiliation:
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências
Michaela Budňáková
Affiliation:
Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic
Pavel Čermák
Affiliation:
Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture
Markus Geupel
Affiliation:
Federal Environment Agency, Germany
Penny Johnes
Affiliation:
University of Reading
Chris Tompkins
Affiliation:
Independent consultant
Till Spranger
Affiliation:
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
Jan Willem Erisman
Affiliation:
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands
Christian Pallière
Affiliation:
Fertilizers Europe
Luc Maene
Affiliation:
International Fertilizer Industry Association
Rob Maas
Affiliation:
Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
Jacob Magid
Affiliation:
Copenhagen University
Mark A. Sutton
Affiliation:
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
Hans van Grinsven
Affiliation:
Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
Mark A. Sutton
Affiliation:
NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UK
Clare M. Howard
Affiliation:
NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UK
Jan Willem Erisman
Affiliation:
Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam
Gilles Billen
Affiliation:
CNRS and University of Paris VI
Albert Bleeker
Affiliation:
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands
Peringe Grennfelt
Affiliation:
Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL)
Hans van Grinsven
Affiliation:
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
Bruna Grizzetti
Affiliation:
European Commission Joint Research Centre
Get access

Summary

Executive summary

Nature of the problem

  • Reactive nitrogen (Nr) occurs in different forms, arises from a wide range of activities and sources, and leads to environmental impacts over different spatial and temporal scales.

  • Integrated approaches to N management are anticipated to provide more effective (larger decreases in unwanted emissions) and /or more efficient (less side effects, less costs) policy measures than policy measures based on single sources and pollutant species.

  • There are many notions of integrated approaches, but as yet little consensus about the best integrated approaches. There is also little quantitative empirical evidence of the performance of these approaches in practice.

  • The pitfall of integrated approaches is that they may be more complex to agree, leading to a delayed implementation.

Approaches

  • Based on recent literature and a discussion among experts, the present chapter provides a conceptual framework for developing integrated approaches to N management.

  • Whilst discussing the framework, various examples of existing partially integrated N management approaches have been considered.

  • A package of key actions in different sectors is envisaged that, together, should contribute to further developing integrated approaches to N management in the future

Type
Chapter
Information
The European Nitrogen Assessment
Sources, Effects and Policy Perspectives
 , pp. 541 - 550
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Billen, G., Silvestre, M., Grizzetti, B.et al. (2011). Nitrogen flows from European watersheds to coastal marine waters. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment, ed. Sutton, M. A., Howard, C. M., Erisman, J. W.et al., Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Brink, C., van Grinsven, H., Jacobsen, B. H.et al. (2011). Costs and benefits of nitrogen in the environment. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment, ed. Sutton, M. A., Howard, C. M., Erisman, J. W.et al., Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bull, K., Hoft, R. and Sutton, M. A. (2011). Co-ordinating European nitrogen policies between directives and international conventions. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment, ed. Sutton, M. A., Howard, C. M., Erisman, J. W.et al., Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Butterbach-Bahl, K., Nemitz, E., Zaehle, S.et al. (2011). Nitrogen as a threat to the European greenhouse balance. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment, ed. Sutton, M. A., Howard, C. M., Erisman, J. W.et al., Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cellier, P., Durand, P., Hutchings, N.et al. (2011). Nitrogen flows and fate in rural landscapes. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment, ed. Sutton, M. A., Howard, C. M., Erisman, J. W.et al., Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Vries, W., Leip, A.Reinds, G. J.et al. (2011). Geographic variation in terrestrial nitrogen budgets across Europe. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment, ed. Sutton, M. A., Howard, C. M., Erisman, J. W.et al., Cambridge University press.Google Scholar
Dise, N. B., Ashmore, M., Belyazid, S.et al. (2011). Nitrogen as a threat to European terrestrial biodiversity. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment, ed. Sutton, M. A., Howard, C. M., Erisman, J. W.et al., Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
,EC (2010). Water Framework Directive (WFD; 2000/60/EC). http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-framework/index_en.html
,EEA (1995). Europe's Environment: the Dobris Assessment. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen
Erisman, J. W., Grinsven, H., Grizzetti, B.et al. (2011). The European nitrogen problem in a global perspective. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment, ed. Sutton, M. A., Howard, C. M., Erisman, J. W.et al., Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Galloway, J. N. and Cowling, E. B. (2002). Reactive nitrogen and the world: 200 years of change. Ambio, 31, 64–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galloway, J. N., Aber, J. D.Erisman, J. W.et al. (2003). The nitrogen cascade. Bioscience, 53, 341–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galloway, J. N., Townsend, A. R.Erisman, J. W.et al. (2008). Transformation of the nitrogen cycle: recent trends, questions and potential solutions. Science, 320, 889–892.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grizzetti, B., Bouraoui, F., Billen, G.et al. (2011). Nitrogen as a threat to European water quality. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment, ed. Sutton, M. A., Howard, C. M., Erisman, J. W.et al., Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hall, C. A. S., Lindenberger, D., Kummell, R., Kroeger, T. and Eichorn, W., (2001). The need to reintegrate the natural sciences with economics. Bioscience, 51, 663–673.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hertel, O., Reis, S., Ambelas Skjøth, C.et al. (2011) Nitrogen turnover processes in the atmosphere. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment, ed. Sutton, M. A., Howard, C. M., Erisman, J. W.et al., Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jarvis, S., Hutchings, N., Brentrup, F., Olesen, J. and Hoek, K. (2011). Nitrogen flows in farming systems across Europe. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment, ed. Sutton, M. A., Howard, C. M., Erisman, J. W.et al., Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jensen, L. S., Schjoerring, J. K., Hoek, K.et al. (2011) Benefits of nitrogen for food fibre and industrial production. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment, ed. Sutton, M. A., Howard, C. M., Erisman, J. W.et al., Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kahn, P. H. (2001). The Human Relationship with Nature: Development and Culture, MIT Press, Cambridge, Ma.Google Scholar
Leip, A., Achermann, B., Billen, G.et al. (2011). Integrating nitrogen fluxes at the European scale. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment, ed. Sutton, M. A., Howard, C. M., Erisman, J. W.et al., Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Magid, J., Eilersen, A. M., Wrisberg, S. and Henze, M., (2006). Possibilities and barriers for recirculation of nutrients and organic matter from urban to rural areas: a technical theoretical framework applied to the medium-sized town Hillerod, Denmark. Ecological Engineering, 28, 44–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moldanová, J., Grennfelt, P., Jonsson, Å.et al. (2011). Nitrogen as a threat to European air quality. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment, ed. Sutton, M. A., Howard, C. M., Erisman, J. W.et al., Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Odum, E. P. (1996). Ecology: A Bridge between Science and Society, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Ma.Google Scholar
,OECD (1991). Environmental indicators: a preliminary set, OECD, Paris.Google Scholar
,OECD (2007). Instrument Mixes for Environmental Policy, OECD, Paris.Google Scholar
Oenema, O., Kros, H. and de Vries, W. (2003). Approaches and uncertainties in nutrient budgets: implications for nutrient management and environmental policies. European Journal of Agronomy, 20, 3–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oenema, O., Witzke, , Klimont, H. P., Lesschen, Z., , J. P. and Velthof, G. L. (2009). Integrated assessment of promising measures to decrease nitrogen losses from agriculture in EU-27. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 133, 280–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oenema, O., Bleeker, A., Braathen, N. A.et al. (2011). Nitrogen in current European policies. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment, ed. Sutton, M. A., Howard, C. M., Erisman, J. W.et al., Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Reay, D. S., Howard, C. M., Bleeker, A.et al. (2011). Societal choice and communicating the European nitrogen challenge. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment, ed. Sutton, M. A., Howard, C. M., Erisman, J. W.et al., Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rotmans, J. (2003). Transition Management: Key to a Sustainable Society (in Dutch), Koninklijke Van Gorcum, Assen, The Netherlands.
Simpson, D., Aas, W., Bartnicki, J.et al. (2011). Atmospheric transport and deposition of nitrogen in Europe. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment, ed. Sutton, M. A., Howard, C. M., Erisman, J. W.et al., Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Smil, V. (2001). Enriching the Earth, MIT Press, Cambridge, Ma.Google Scholar
Steinfeld, H., Mooney, H., Schneider, F. and Neville, L. E. (eds.) (2010). In: Livestock in a changing landscape: Drivers, Consequences and Responses, Island Press, Washington, DC.
Sutton, M. A., Howard, C. M., Erisman, J. W.et al. (2011). The need to integrate nitrogen science and policies. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment, ed. Sutton, M. A., Howard, C. M., Erisman, J. W.et al., Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Svirejeva-Hopkins, A., Reis, S., Magid, J.et al. (2011). Nitrogen flows and fate in urban landscapes. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment, ed. Sutton, M. A., Howard, C. M., Erisman, J. W.et al., Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tilman, D., Cassman, K. G., Matson, P. A., Naylor, R. and Polasky, S. (2002). Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature, 418, 671–677.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
,TFIAM/CIAM (2007). Reviews of the Gothenburg Protocol, MNP, Bilthoven, and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria, The Netherlands.
,UNECE (1999). Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone. http://www.unece.org/env/lrtap/multi_h1.htm
Tuinstra, W., Hordijk, L. and Kroeze, C. (2006). Moving boundaries in transboundary air pollution: co-production of science and policy under the Convention of Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution. Global Environmental Change, 16, 349–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Velthof, G., Barot, S., Bloem, J.et al. (2011). Nitrogen as a threat to European soil quality. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment, ed. M. A. Sutton, C. M. Howard, J. W. Erisman et al., Cambridge University Press.
Winiwarter, W., Hettelingh, J. P., Bouwman, L.et al. (2011). Future scenarios of nitrogen in Europe. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment, ed. Sutton, M. A., Howard, C. M., Erisman, J. W.et al., Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×