This chapter describes the concepts and techniques of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) and provides the current status of adaptation, efficacy data and training. IPT is based on interpersonal theory stemming from the post-Second World War work of Adolph Meyer and Harry Stack Sullivan. This theory states that the need for attachment is an intrinsic human drive that is biologically grounded. The patient is educated about depression, its symptom course and various treatment options and helped to understand that depression is a common malady, not a personal failing or weakness. Empirical trials have validated the utility of IPT as both an acute and a maintenance treatment for nonpsychotic major depression. IPT also has demonstrated efficacy as a treatment for depressed adolescents, geriatric patients, depressed patients in primary care, depressed HIV-positive patients, depressed women in marital disputes and for pregnant and postpartum women, as well as for nondepressed bulimic patients.