Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-ndmmz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-08T23:42:44.550Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 19 - Liver in endocrine disease

from Section III - Anatomical endocrine pathology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 April 2017

Ozgur Mete
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Sylvia L. Asa
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Endocrine Pathology , pp. 743 - 775
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Rahimi, RS, Landaverde, C. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the metabolic syndrome: clinical implications and treatment. Nutr Clin Pract 2013;28:4051.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Charlton, MR, Burns, JM, Pedersen, RA, Watt, KD, Heimbach, JK, Dierkhising, RA. Frequency and outcomes of liver transplantation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the United States. Gastroenterology 2011;141:12491253.Google Scholar
Eibl, N, Gschwantler, M, Ferenci, P, Eibl, MM, Weiss, W, Schernthaner, G. Development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in a patient with chronic hepatitis C during therapy with interferon-alpha. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001;13:295298.Google Scholar
Nonchev, BI. Cases of interferon-alpha and interferon-beta-induced thyroiditis. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2010;52:512.Google ScholarPubMed
Andrade, LJ, Atta, AM, D'Almeida Junior, A, Parana, R. Thyroid dysfunction in hepatitis C individuals treated with interferon-alpha and ribavirin: a review. Braz J Infect Dis 2008;12:144148.Google Scholar
Crawford, J. Anatomy,pathophysiology and basic mechanisms of disease. In Burt, AD, Portmann, BC, Ferrell, L, eds. Macsween's Pathology of the Liver, 5th edn. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone-Elsevier, 2012:79100.Google Scholar
Collardeau-Frachon, S, Scoazec, JY. Vascular development and differentiation during human liver organogenesis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2008;291:614627.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roskams, T, Desmet, V. Embryology of extra- and intrahepatic bile ducts, the ductal plate. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2008;291:628635.Google Scholar
Lade, AG, Monga, SP. Beta-catenin signaling in hepatic development and progenitors: which way does the WNT blow? Dev Dyn 2010;240:486500.Google Scholar
Le Lay, J, Kaestner, KH. The Fox genes in the liver: from organogenesis to functional integration. Physiol Rev 2010;90:122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zong, Y, Stanger, BZ. Molecular mechanisms of bile duct development. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011;43:257264.Google Scholar
Crawford, J. The liver and biliary tract. In Kumar, V, Abbas, AK, Fausto, N, Aster, JC, eds. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 8th edn. Philadelphia PA: Elsevier-Saunders, 2010:833890.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferrell, LD, Greenberg, MS. Special stains can distinguish hepatic necrosis with regenerative nodules from cirrhosis. Liver Int 2007;27:681686.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thiese, ND. Hepatocellular carcinoma. In Bosnan, FT, Carneiro, F, Hruban, RH, Theise, ND, eds. WHO Classification of Tumors of the Digestive System. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2010:205216.Google Scholar
Corless, JK, Middleton, HM, 3rd. Normal liver function. A basis for understanding hepatic disease. Arch Intern Med 1983;143:22912294.Google Scholar
Li, H, Oldenburg, B, Chamberlain, C, O'Neil, A, Xue, B, Jolley, D, et al. Diabetes prevalence and determinants in adults in China mainland from 2000 to 2010: a systematic review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012;98:226235.Google Scholar
Clark, JM. The epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adults. J Clin Gastroenterol 2006;40(suppl 1):S5S10.Google Scholar
Alberti, KG, Eckel, RH, Grundy, SM, Zimmet, PZ, Cleeman, JI, Donato, KA, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation 2009;120:16401645.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazo, M, Clark, JM. The epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a global perspective. Semin Liver Dis 2008;28:339350.Google Scholar
Kneeman, JM, Misdraji, J, Corey, KE. Secondary causes of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Ther Adv Gastroenterol 2012;5:199207.Google Scholar
Pais, R, Charlotte, F, Fedchuk, L, Bedossa, P, Lebray, P, Poynard, T, et al. A systematic review of follow-up biopsies reveals disease progression in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver. J Hepatol 2013;59:550556.Google Scholar
Bellentani, S, Scaglioni, F, Marino, M, Bedogni, G. Epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig Dis 2010;28:155161.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mavrogiannaki, AN, Migdalis, IN. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease: newer data. Int J Endocrinol 2013;2013:450639.Google Scholar
Larrain, S, Rinella, ME. A myriad of pathways to NASH. Clin Liver Dis 2012;16:525548.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dongiovanni, P, Anstee, QM, Valenti, L. Genetic predisposition in NAFLD and NASH: impact on severity of liver disease and response to treatment. Curr Pharm Des 2013;19:52195238.Google Scholar
Giorgio, V, Prono, F, Graziano, F, Nobili, V. Pediatric non alcoholic fatty liver disease: old and new concepts on development, progression, metabolic insight and potential treatment targets. BMC Pediatr 2013;13:40.Google Scholar
Day, CP, James, OF. Steatohepatitis: a tale of two “hits”? Gastroenterology 1998;114:842845.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neuschwander-Tetri, BA. Hepatic lipotoxicity and the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: the central role of nontriglyceride fatty acid metabolites. Hepatology 2010;52:774788.Google Scholar
Farrell, GC, van Rooyen, D, Gan, L, Chitturi, S. NASH is an inflammatory disorder: pathogenic, prognostic and therapeutic implications. Gut Liver 2012;6:149171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bohinc, BN, Diehl, AM. Mechanisms of disease progression in NASH: new paradigms. Clin Liver Dis 2012;16:549565.Google Scholar
Bian, Z, Ma, X. Liver fibrogenesis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Front Physiol 2012;3:248.Google Scholar
Puri, K, Nobili, V, Melville, K, Corte, CD, Sartorelli, MR, Lopez, R, et al. Serum bilirubin level is inversely associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013;57:114118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saadeh, S, Younossi, ZM, Remer, EM, Gramlich, T, Ong, JP, Hurley, M, et al. The utility of radiological imaging in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 2002;123:745750.Google Scholar
Reeder, SB, Cruite, I, Hamilton, G, Sirlin, CB. Quantitative assessment of liver fat with magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011;34:729749.Google Scholar
Mottin, CC, Moretto, M, Padoin, AV, Swarowsky, AM, Toneto, MG, Glock, L, et al. The role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis in morbidly obese patients. Obes Surg 2004;14:635637.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kocabay, G, Telci, A, Tutuncu, Y, Tiryaki, B, Ozel, S, Cevikbas, U, et al. Alkaline phosphatase: can it be considered as an indicator of liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with type 2 diabetes? Bratisl Lek Listy 2011;112:626629.Google Scholar
Kleiner, DE, Brunt, EM, Van Natta, M, Behling, C, Contos, MJ, Cummings, OW, et al. Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2005;41:13131321.Google Scholar
Schwimmer, JB, Behling, C, Newbury, R, Deutsch, R, Nievergelt, C, Schork, NJ, et al. Histopathology of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2005;42:641649.Google Scholar
Caldwell, SH, Lee, VD, Kleiner, DE, Al-Osaimi, AM, Argo, CK, Northup, PG, et al. NASH and cryptogenic cirrhosis: a histological analysis. Ann Hepatol 2009;8:346352.Google Scholar
Ludwig, J, Hashimoto, E, Porayko, MK, Moyer, TP, Baldus, WP. Hemosiderosis in cirrhosis: a study of 447 native livers. Gastroenterology 1997;112:882888.Google Scholar
Schuppan, D, Schattenberg, JM. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: pathogenesis and novel therapeutic approaches. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;28(suppl 1):6876.Google Scholar
Mauriac, P. Gros ventre, hepatomegalie, troubles de croissance chez les enfants diabetiques traites depuis plusiers annee par l'insuline. Gaz Hebd Med Bordeaux 1930;26:402410.Google Scholar
Torbenson, M, Chen, YY, Brunt, E, Cummings, OW, Gottfried, M, Jakate, S, et al. Glycogenic hepatopathy: an underrecognized hepatic complication of diabetes mellitus. Am J Surg Pathol 2006;30:508513.Google Scholar
van den Brand, M, Elving, LD, Drenth, JP, van Krieken, JH. Glycogenic hepatopathy: a rare cause of elevated serum transaminases in diabetes mellitus. Neth J Med 2009;67:394396.Google Scholar
Lee, PJ, Leonard, JV. The hepatic glycogen storage diseases: problems beyond childhood. J Inherit Metab Dis 1995;18:462472.Google Scholar
Chatila, R, West, AB. Hepatomegaly and abnormal liver tests due to glycogenosis in adults with diabetes. Medicine (Baltimore) 1996;75:327333.Google Scholar
Saadi, T. Glycogenic hepatopathy: a rare disease that can appear and resolve rapidly in parallel with glycemic control. Isr Med Assoc J 2012;14:269270.Google Scholar
Rake, JP, Visser, G, Labrune, P, Leonard, JV, Ullrich, K, Smit, GP. Glycogen storage disease type I: diagnosis, management, clinical course and outcome. Results of the European Study on Glycogen Storage Disease type I (ESGSD I). Eur J Pediatr 2002;161(suppl 1):S20S34.Google Scholar
Schaeffer, DF, Laiq, S, Jang, HJ, John, R, Adeyi, OA. Abernethy malformation type II with nephrotic syndrome and other multisystemic presentation: an illustrative case for understanding pathogenesis of extrahepatic complication of congenital portosystemic shunt. Hum Pathol 2012;44:432437.Google Scholar
Reznik, Y, Dao, T, Coutant, R, Chiche, L, Jeannot, E, Clauin, S, et al. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha gene inactivation: cosegregation between liver adenomatosis and diabetes phenotypes in two maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY)3 families. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:14761480.Google Scholar
Frayling, TM, Evans, JC, Bulman, MP, Pearson, E, Allen, L, Owen, K, et al. Beta-cell genes and diabetes: molecular and clinical characterization of mutations in transcription factors. Diabetes 2001;50 (suppl 1):S94S100.Google Scholar
Foster, JH, Donohue, TA, Berman, MM. Familial liver-cell adenomas and diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1978;299:239241.Google Scholar
Bioulac-Sage, P, Balabaud, C, Zucman-Rossi, J. Subtype classification of hepatocellular adenoma. Dig Surg 2010;27:3945.Google Scholar
Bioulac-Sage, P, Rebouissou, S, Thomas, C, Blanc, JF, Saric, J, Sa Cunha, A, et al. Hepatocellular adenoma subtype classification using molecular markers and immunohistochemistry. Hepatology 2007;46:740748.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bluteau, O, Jeannot, E, Bioulac-Sage, P, Marques, JM, Blanc, JF, Bui, H, et al. Bi-allelic inactivation of TCF1 in hepatic adenomas. Nat Genet 2002;32:312315.Google Scholar
Zucman-Rossi, J, Jeannot, E, Nhieu, JT, Scoazec, JY, Guettier, C, Rebouissou, S, et al. Genotype–phenotype correlation in hepatocellular adenoma: new classification and relationship with HCC. Hepatology 2006;43:515524.Google Scholar
Manichon, AF, Bancel, B, Durieux-Millon, M, Ducerf, C, Mabrut, JY, Lepogam, MA, et al. Hepatocellular adenoma: evaluation with contrast-enhanced ultrasound and MRI and correlation with pathologic and phenotypic classification in 26 lesions. HPB Surg 2012:418745.Google Scholar
Di Sandro, S, Slim, AO, Lauterio, A, Giacomoni, A, Mangoni, I, Aseni, P, et al. Liver adenomatosis: a rare indication for living donor liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2009;41:13751377.Google Scholar
Barthelmes, L, Tait, IS. Liver cell adenoma and liver cell adenomatosis. HPB (Oxford) 2005;7:186196.Google Scholar
Yunta, PJ, Moya, A, San-Juan, F, Lopez-Andujar, R, De Juan, M, Orbis, F, et al. [A new case of hepatic adenomatosis treated with orthotopic liver transplantation.] Ann Chir 2001;126:672674.Google Scholar
Boulton, R, Hamilton, MI, Dhillon, AP, Kinloch, JD, Burroughs, AK. Subclinical Addison's disease: a cause of persistent abnormalities in transaminase values. Gastroenterology 1995;109:13241327.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olsson, RG, Lindgren, A, Zettergren, L. Liver involvement in Addison's disease. Am J Gastroenterol 1990;85:435438.Google Scholar
Burra, P. Liver abnormalities and endocrine diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol;27:553563.Google Scholar
Maheshwari, A, Thuluvath, PJ. Endocrine diseases and the liver. Clin Liver Dis;15:5567.Google Scholar
van der Woerd, WL, van Mil, SW, Stapelbroek, JM, Klomp, LW, van de Graaf, SF, Houwen, RH. Familial cholestasis: progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2010;24:541553.Google Scholar
Gershwin, ME, Selmi, C, Worman, HJ, Gold, EB, Watnik, M, Utts, J, et al. Risk factors and comorbidities in primary biliary cirrhosis: a controlled interview-based study of 1032 patients. Hepatology 2005;42:11941202.Google Scholar
Ahmed, KT, Almashhrawi, AA, Rahman, RN, Hammoud, GM, Ibdah, JA. Liver diseases in pregnancy: diseases unique to pregnancy. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19:76397646.Google Scholar
Francavilla, A, Polimeno, L, DiLeo, A, Barone, M, Ove, P, Coetzee, M, et al. The effect of estrogen and tamoxifen on hepatocyte proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Hepatology 1989;9:614620.Google Scholar
Li, JJ, Li, SA. High incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas after synthetic estrogen administration in Syrian golden hamsters fed alpha-naphthoflavone: a new tumor model. J Natl Cancer Inst 1984;73:543547.Google Scholar
Elias, RM, Dean, DS, Barsness, GW. Hepatic dysfunction in hospitalized patients with acute thyrotoxicosis: a decade of experience. ISRN Endocrinol 2012;325092.Google Scholar
Sola, J, Pardo-Mindan, FJ, Zozaya, J, Quiroga, J, Sangro, B, Prieto, J. Liver changes in patients with hyperthyroidism. Liver 1991;11:193197.Google Scholar
Bioulac-Sage, P, Sempoux, C, Possenti, L, Frulio, N, Laumonier, H, Laurent, C, et al. Pathological Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Cellular Adenoma according to the Clinical Context. Int J Hepatol;2013:2013:253261.Google Scholar
Benz, EJ, Baggenstoss, AH. Focal cirrhosis of the liver: its relation to the so-called hamartoma (adenoma, benign hepatoma). Cancer 1953;6:743755.Google Scholar
Bioulac-Sage, P, Taouji, S, Possenti, L, Balabaud, C. Hepatocellular adenoma subtypes: the impact of overweight and obesity. Liver Int 2012;32:12171221.Google Scholar
Cote, C. Regression of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver after oral contraceptive discontinuation. Clin Nucl Med 1997;22:587590.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Joyner, BL Jr., Levin, TL, Goyal, RK, Newman, B. Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: a sequela of tumor therapy. Pediatr Radiol 2005;35:12341239.Google Scholar
Luciani, A, Kobeiter, H, Maison, P, Cherqui, D, Zafrani, ES, Dhumeaux, D, et al. Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver in men: is presentation the same in men and women? Gut 2002;50:877880.Google Scholar
Mathieu, D, Kobeiter, H, Maison, P, Rahmouni, A, Cherqui, D, Zafrani, ES, et al. Oral contraceptive use and focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. Gastroenterology 2000;118:560564.Google Scholar
van den Esschert, JW, van Gulik, TM, Phoa, SS. Imaging modalities for focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma. Dig Surg 2010;27:4655.Google Scholar
Hussain, SM, van den Bos, IC, Dwarkasing, RS, Kuiper, JW, den Hollander, J. Hepatocellular adenoma: findings at state-of-the-art magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, computed tomography and pathologic analysis. Eur Radiol 2006;16:18731886.Google Scholar
Carlson, SK, Johnson, CD, Bender, CE, Welch, TJ. CT of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;174:705712.Google Scholar
Choi, JY, Lee, HC, Yim, JH, Shim, JH, Lim, YS, Shin, YM, et al. Focal nodular hyperplasia or focal nodular hyperplasia-like lesions of the liver: a special emphasis on diagnosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;26:10041009.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bagheri, SA, Boyer, JL. Peliosis hepatis associated with androgenic-anabolic steroid therapy. A severe form of hepatic injury. Ann Intern Med 1974;81:610618.Google Scholar
Tsirigotis, P, Sella, T, Shapira, MY, Bitan, M, Bloom, A, Kiselgoff, D, et al. Peliosis hepatis following treatment with androgen-steroids in patients with bone marrow failure syndromes. Haematologica 2007;92:e106110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hytiroglou, P, Snover, DC, Alves, V, Balabaud, C, Bhathal, PS, Bioulac-Sage, P, et al. Beyond “cirrhosis”: a proposal from the International Liver Pathology Study Group. Am J Clin Pathol 2012;137:59.Google Scholar
Pinzani, M, Rosselli, M, Zuckermann, M. Liver cirrhosis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2011;25:281290.Google Scholar
Schuppan, D, Afdhal, NH. Liver cirrhosis. Lancet 2008;371:838851.Google Scholar
Malik, R, Hodgson, H. The relationship between the thyroid gland and the liver. Q J Med 2002;95:559569.Google Scholar
Fede, G, Spadaro, L, Tomaselli, T, Privitera, G, Germani, G, Tsochatzis, E, et al. Adrenocortical dysfunction in liver disease: a systematic review. Hepatology 2012;55:12821291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karagiannis, A, Harsoulis, F. Gonadal dysfunction in systemic diseases. Eur J Endocrinol 2005;152:501513.Google Scholar
Terasaki, T, Nowlin, DM, Pardridge, WM. Differential binding of testosterone and estradiol to isoforms of sex hormone-binding globulin: selective alteration of estradiol binding in cirrhosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988;67:639643.Google Scholar
Sporea, I, Popescu, A, Sirli, R. Why, who and how should perform liver biopsy in chronic liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2008;14:33963402.Google Scholar
Wanless, ICJ. Cirrhosis. In Odze, RD, Goldblum, JR, eds. Surgical Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier-Saunders, 2009:11151146.Google Scholar
Wanless, IR, Nakashima, E, Sherman, M. Regression of human cirrhosis. Morphologic features and the genesis of incomplete septal cirrhosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2000;124:15991607.Google Scholar
Cochat, PRM. Primary oxalurias. In Fernandes, JSJ, van der Berghe, G, Walter, eds. Inborn Metabolic Diseases. Heidelberg: Springer, 2006:539545.Google Scholar
Nair, P, Al-Otaibi, T, Nampoory, N, Al-Qabandi, W, Said, T, Halim, MA, et al. Combined liver and kidney transplantation in primary hyperoxaluria: a report of three cases and review of the literature. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2013;24:969975.Google Scholar
Cochat, P, Pichault, V, Bacchetta, J, Dubourg, L, Sabot, JF, Saban, C, et al. Nephrolithiasis related to inborn metabolic diseases. Pediatr Nephrol 2009;25:415424.Google Scholar
Cochat, P, Fargue, S, Mestrallet, G, Jungraithmayr, T, Koch-Nogueira, P, Ranchin, B, et al. Disease recurrence in paediatric renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol 2009;24:20972108.Google Scholar
Heilberg, IP, Schor, N. Renal stone disease: causes, evaluation and medical treatment. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 2006;50:823831.Google Scholar
Danpure, CJ. Molecular etiology of primary hyperoxaluria type 1: new directions for treatment. Am J Nephrol 2005;25:303310.Google Scholar
Belostotsky, R, Seboun, E, Idelson, GH, Milliner, DS, Becker-Cohen, R, Rinat, C, et al. Mutations in DHDPSL are responsible for primary hyperoxaluria type III. Am J Hum Genet 2010;87:392399.Google Scholar
Monico, CG, Rossetti, S, Belostotsky, R, Cogal, AG, Herges, RM, Seide, BM, et al. Primary hyperoxaluria type III gene HOGA1 (formerly DHDPSL) as a possible risk factor for idiopathic calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2011;6:22892295.Google Scholar
Riedel, TJ, Johnson, LC, Knight, J, Hantgan, RR, Holmes, RP, Lowther, WT. Structural and biochemical studies of human 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase: implications for hydroxyproline metabolism in primary hyperoxaluria. PLOS ONE 2011;6:e26021.Google Scholar
Salas, P, Pinto, V, Rodriguez, J, Zambrano, MJ, Mericq, V. Growth retardation in children with kidney disease. Int J Endocrinol;2013;14:16801690.Google Scholar
Dispenzieri, A. POEMS syndrome. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2005:360–367.Google Scholar
Dispenzieri, A. POEMS syndrome: update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management. Am J Hematol 2011;87:804814.Google Scholar
Chee, CE, Dispenzieri, A, Gertz, MA. Amyloidosis and POEMS syndrome. Exp Opin Pharmacother 2010;11:15011514.Google Scholar
Takai, K, Nikkuni, K, Momoi, A, Nagai, K, Igarashi, N, Saeki, T. Thrombocytopenia with reticulin fibrosis accompanied by fever, anasarca and hepatosplenomegaly: a clinical report of five cases. J Clin Exp Hematop 2013;53:6368.Google Scholar
Wemeau, JL, Proust-Lemoine, E, Ryndak, A, Vanhove, L. Thyroid autoimmunity and polyglandular endocrine syndromes. Hormones (Athens) 2013;12:3945.Google Scholar
Zea-Mendoza, AC, Alonso-Ruiz, A, Garcia-Vadillo, A, Moreno-Caparros, A, Beltran-Gutierrez, J. POEMS syndrome with neuroarthropathy and nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver. Arthritis Rheum 1984;27:10531057.Google Scholar
Manns, MP, Vogel, A. Autoimmune hepatitis, from mechanisms to therapy. Hepatology 2006;43 (suppl 1):S132S144.Google Scholar
Roberts, EA. Autoimmune hepatitis from the paediatric perspective. Liver Int 2011;31:14241431.Google Scholar
Weiler, FG, Dias da Silva, MR, Lazaretti-Castro, M. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1: case report and review of literature. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 2012;56:5466.Google Scholar
Vogel, A MM. Mimics of autoimmune hepatitis: drug induced and immune mediated liver disease. In Hirschfield, GM, Heathcote, EJ, eds. Autoimmune Hepatitis A Guide for Practicing Clinicians. New York: Humana Press, 2011:102122.Google Scholar
Obermayer-Straub, P, Perheentupa, J, Braun, S, Kayser, A, Barut, A, Loges, S, et al. Hepatic autoantigens in patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy. Gastroenterology 2001;121:668677.Google Scholar
Meloni, A, Willcox, N, Meager, A, Atzeni, M, Wolff, AS, Husebye, ES, et al. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1: an extensive longitudinal study in Sardinian patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:11141124.Google Scholar
Vierling, J. The pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis. In Hirschfield, GM, Heathcote, EJ, eds. Autoimmune Hepatitis A Guide for Practicing Clinicians. New York: Humana Press, 2011:1460.Google Scholar
Ahonen, P, Myllarniemi, S, Sipila, I, Perheentupa, J. Clinical variation of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) in a series of 68 patients. N Engl J Med 1990;322:18291836.Google Scholar
Betterle, C, Greggio, NA, Volpato, M. Clinical review 93: autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:10491055.Google Scholar
Husebye, ES, Anderson, MS. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes: clues to type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. Immunity 2010;32:479487.Google Scholar
Portmann, BC, Roberts, EA. Developmental abnormalities and liver disease in childhood. In Burt, AD, Portmann, BC, Ferrell, L, eds. Macsween's Pathology of the Liver, 5th edn. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone-Elsevier, 2012:101156.Google Scholar
Brink, DS. Transient leukemia (transient myeloproliferative disorder, transient abnormal myelopoiesis) of Down syndrome. Adv Anat Pathol 2006;13:256262.Google Scholar
Roy, A, Roberts, I, Vyas, P. Biology and management of transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) in children with Down syndrome. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2012;17:196201.Google Scholar
Gamis, AS, Smith, FO. Transient myeloproliferative disorder in children with Down syndrome: clarity to this enigmatic disorder. Br J Haematol 2012;159:277287.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hitzler, JK. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in Down syndrome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49 (suppl):10661069.Google Scholar
Colombo, C. Liver disease in cystic fibrosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2007;13:529536.Google Scholar
Moyer, K, Balistreri, W. Hepatobiliary disease in patients with cystic fibrosis. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2009;25:272278.Google Scholar
Rowland, M, Bourke, B. Liver disease in cystic fibrosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2011;17:461466.Google Scholar
Thompson, RJPB, Roberts, EA. Genetic and metabolic liver disease. In Burt, AD, Portmann, BC, Ferrell, L, eds. Macsween's Pathology of the Liver, 5th edn. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone-Elsevier, 2012:157259.Google Scholar
Herrmann, U, Dockter, G, Lammert, F. Cystic fibrosis-associated liver disease. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2010;24:585592.Google Scholar
Batts, K. Autoimmune and chronic cholestatic disorders of the liver. In Odze, RD, Goldblum, JR, eds. Surgical Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier-Saunders, 2009:10351058.Google Scholar
Corpechot, C, Chretien, Y, Chazouilleres, O, Poupon, R. Demographic, lifestyle, medical and familial factors associated with primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2010;53:162169.Google Scholar
Efe, C, Wahlin, S, Ozaslan, E, Berlot, AH, Purnak, T, Muratori, L, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis/primary biliary cirrhosis overlap syndrome and associated extrahepatic autoimmune diseases. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;24:531534.Google Scholar
Inoue, K, Okajima, T, Tanaka, E, Ando, B, Takeshita, M, Masuda, A, et al. A case of Graves' disease associated with autoimmune hepatitis and mixed connective tissue disease. Endocr J 1999;46:173177.Google Scholar
Teufel, A, Weinmann, A, Kahaly, GJ, Centner, C, Piendl, A, Worns, M, et al. Concurrent autoimmune diseases in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2010;44:208213.Google Scholar
Quaglia, A BA, Ferrell, LD, Portmann, BC. Systemic disease. In Burt, AD, Portmann, BC, Ferrell, L, eds. Macsween's Pathology of the Liver, 5th edn. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone-Elsevier, 2012:79100.Google Scholar
Pathak, S, Dash, I, Taylor, MR, Poston, GJ. The surgical management of neuroendocrine tumour hepatic metastases. Eur J Surg Oncol 2013;39:224228.Google Scholar
Saxena, A, Chua, TC, Perera, M, Chu, F, Morris, DL. Surgical resection of hepatic metastases from neuroendocrine neoplasms: a systematic review. Surg Oncol 2012;21:e131e141.Google Scholar
Pathak, S, Dash, I, Taylor, MR, Poston, GJ. An overview of the surgical management of hepatic neuroendocrine metastases. Indian J Surg Oncol 2012;3:2025.Google Scholar
Iacobuzio-Donahue, CFL. Secondary tumors of the liver. In Bosnan, FT, Carneiro, F, Hruban, RH, Theise, ND, eds WHO Classification of Tumors of the Digestive System. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2010:252253.Google Scholar
Fischer, SE. Recurrent and de novo malignancies following liver transplantation. Diagn Histopathol 2012;18:290296.Google Scholar
Gedaly, R, Daily, MF, Davenport, D, McHugh, PP, Koch, A, Angulo, P, et al. Liver transplantation for the treatment of liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors: an analysis of the UNOS database. Arch Surg 2011;146:953958.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×