Index

Michael Brown

doi:10.1017/9781108877237.010

Index

Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, 238

Abernethy, John, 29, 39, 55, 80, 84, 89, 95, 132, 138, 142, 158, 159, 187, 197, 243, 254, 255, 260

and anatomical dissection, 135, 144–5, 196–7, 203, 210, 211

and compound fracture, 145, 245

and delirium, 137

and medicine, 30–1

and political radicalism, 31

and regret, 82–3

and vivisection, 187

dislike of operations, 31, 76–7

abscess, 29, 237, 251, 255, 268

accidents, 132

during surgery, 37, 38

actor-network theory, 139–40

affect. See emotions: theories of

alcohol, consumption of, 102, 104, 115, 136–7, 219, 226, 228

Aldersgate Medical School, 40, 157

American Civil War, 144

amputation, 1–2, 13, 14, 16, 24, 27, 38, 39, 46, 50, 55–6, 64, 70, 71, 80, 85, 88–90, 125–6, 128, 133–7, 141–2, 145, 158, 173, 176, 223–4, 256, 278, 281

Amsterdam, 253, 275

anaesthesia, 1–3, 6, 11, 17, 23, 68, 111, 127, 143, 192, 193, 220, 235–6, 239, 241, 257, 258, 260, 265, 274, 279, 280, 286

abortive discovery of, 215, 220

anxieties concerning, 227, 231, 243

as sleep, 223, 214, 232

continuities with the past, 230–1, 243–4, 255, 258–9, 277–8

early use of, 52–4, 188, 220, 221, 223

erotic connotations of, 225

experiences under, 223–7

historiography of, 191–2, 214–15, 220, 222

impact on surgeons, 214, 231–5

initial reception of, 230–1

limitations of, 239–40

objections to, 233–4

risks of, 227, 228, 234

standardisation of, 227–9

techniques for the administering of, 229

anatomy, 15, 19–20, 22, 33, 34, 94, 194, 197, 199, 210, 213, 251

and dissection. See dissection

demonstration of, 27–8, 36, 45–6, 195, 210

history of, 25–6

pathological, 6, 30, 67, 76, 135, 211

private schools of, 36–7, 157, 193, 195, 197–8; see also individual schools listed by name

surgical, 26–9, 36, 80, 191, 197–8

transcendental, 10

Anatomy Act, The, 17, 188, 189–92, 203, 205, 212, 213, 273

opposition to, 205, 207–12

anatomy theatres, 44–5

Anderson College, Glasgow, 197

Anderson, Elizabeth Garrett, 267

aneurysm, 49, 109, 133

anger, 13, 17, 32, 105, 150, 163, 164, 166, 167, 169, 171, 176, 177, 180, 184, 190, 211

Anglo-Scottish relations, 20, 24, 27, 55–9, 155, 229

antisepsis, 3, 6, 11, 17, 68, 256–7, 259, 265, 279, 280

and carbolic acid, 240, 246, 269

and responsibility, 255–6

as emotional watershed, 239

as gospel, 271

as myth, 237–9, 274–8, 282

historiography of, 239, 242–3

impact on surgeons, 242

motivation for, 263

opposition to, 247–51

relationship to asepsis, 238, 277

relationship to cleanliness, 241, 246–7

anxiety, 1, 13, 84, 107, 176, 284

as cause of disease, 100–6, 140

of patients, 66, 70, 89, 92, 112, 117–25, 129, 130, 141, 145, 149, 231, 279

of surgeons, 56, 67, 68, 75, 78, 80–1, 86–7, 94, 109, 180–1, 259, 260, 261, 263, 280

apothecaries, 118, 166; see also Society of Apothecaries

Apothecaries Act, The, 156

Arnold, Edwin, 273

Ashwell, Samuel, 217

Association for the Advancement of Medicine by Research, 265

Atkinson, James, 133–4

bacteriology. See germ theory

Baillie, Matthew, 24, 26

Barbers’ Company, 19

Baume, Pierre Henri Joseph, 207

Bell, Benjamin, 32

Bell, Charles, 12, 20, 22, 36, 40, 59, 84, 86, 94, 157, 158, 175, 279, 282, 283

and detachment, 85–6

and masculinity, 88

and pain, 215–16

and vivisection, 187

emotional disposition of, 77–8, 81–2, 87, 260

natural theology of, 159

paintings of, 97

Bell, George, 72

Bell, John, 12, 34, 55, 79, 80, 173, 193

and embodied sensation, 109

and Romantic surgery, 8, 28, 32–3, 39–40, 76, 198, 262

and self-composure, 50

and surgical anatomy, 20, 28, 36, 37, 198

legacy of, 40–1

relations with patients, 91, 93–4

Bentham, Jeremy, 189, 204, 210

and anatomical dissection, 200–1

and emotion, 201, 202

and happiness, 201

dissection of, 201, 205–6

on pain, 191–2, 216

Bildung, 75, 186

biography, 15, 16, 31, 53, 77, 161, 162, 185–8, 237, 249, 262, 263, 268, 277, 281, 282

Birmingham General Hospital, 178

Bishop, John, 211

blood-letting. See therapeutics: blood-letting

Board, Ernest, 52

bodies, 28, 63, 74, 79, 99, 100, 115, 140, 145, 170, 190, 191, 195, 202, 205, 212, 229, 235, 241, 250, 251, 286; see also dead bodies; embodiment

quiescent, 189, 213, 232–3

bones, 37, 144, 207

broken, 125, 129, 137, 138

compound fracture of, 128, 136, 137, 145, 173, 245

excision of, 51, 60, 61, 142

setting of, 82, 158

Brande, William Thomas, 224

Braxton Hicks, John, 253

British Medical Association, 155, 213, 239; see also Provincial Medical and Surgical Association

Brodie, Benjamin, 24, 71, 74, 90, 124, 223

and anatomical dissection, 204

and emotional self-restraint, 86–8

relations with patients, 94

Brown, John, 41–2, 87, 277

Burke, William, 207–8, 211

Burney, Frances, 84, 98, 110, 112

butchery. See surgeons: caricature of

Callaway, Thomas, 146, 158

Cameron, Hector Charles, 277

Cameron, Hector Clare, 255, 277

Camperdown, Battle of, 194

cancer, 119, 140

breast, 16, 41, 65–7, 69, 82, 91, 95–7, 99–105, 108, 111–2, 116–25, 127, 130, 131, 135

causes of, 98–9, 105–6, 118

facial, 60–1, 127–8, 142

historiography of, 97–8, 111

penile, 50

testicular, 101

Cargil, Lionel Vernon, 261

caricature. See surgeons: caricature of

casebooks, 15, 16, 91, 95–106, 107, 111, 115, 124, 127, 128, 130, 133, 136, 219, 226

cataract, 34, 234

Chalmers, Thomas, 235

charity, medical, 132, 134, 154, 176, 177, 218

chemistry, 10, 94, 215, 224, 240, 246, 250

Chesleden, William, 20, 24, 181, 259

Cheyne, William Watson, 237, 251, 252, 262, 271

Chiene, John, 252

children

as objects of sentiment, 9, 51, 68, 106–7, 116–17, 150, 177, 179, 208, 268–70

illness of, as cause of anxiety, 102–3

Clarke, James Fernandez, 161, 162

class, 15, 21, 111, 114, 158, 160, 162, 181, 189–90, 197, 208

Cline, Henry, 91, 93, 158–9, 186–7, 280

clinical medicine, 66, 68, 71, 105, 113–15, 123, 127, 131, 132, 156, 216–17, 252, 265; see also Paris: clinical revolution in

clothing, surgical, 85, 89

Cobbe, Frances Power, 266–8

Cobbett, William, 152, 209, 210

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 10, 139, 168

compassion, 8–13, 28, 40, 51, 55, 57–8, 62–3, 67–8, 76, 88, 91–94, 97, 105–7, 176, 181–2, 242, 256, 262, 263, 269–72, 279, 284, 285

fatigue, 286

Contagious Diseases Acts, The, 266–7

Cooper, Astley Paston, 14, 15, 26, 47, 54, 56, 60, 77, 136, 146, 179, 235, 243, 279–81, 282

and dissection, 186–7, 195–6, 204, 212–13

and professional authority, 157–9

and The Lancet, 161–2, 174

and vivisection, 186

early life of, 185–6

early political radicalism of, 106

gender identity of, 106–7

on irritability, 140–1

on John Abernethy, 31

on operative skill, 33–8

relations with patients, 16, 65–8, 88, 90–2, 95–106, 111–12, 115–31, 137–8

Cooper, Bransby Blake, 47, 106, 158, 185–8, 191, 212

and botched lithotomy operation, 162, 178–81

opposition to anaesthesia, 233–4

correspondence, 1–2, 15–16, 20–21, 55, 64, 67, 78, 94, 95, 102, 110, 111–13, 115–31, 138, 260–2, 102

Coulson, William, 234

Crimean War, 273

cruelty, 16, 23, 58, 71, 83, 154, 177–8, 190, 197, 258–9, 269, 272, 279–83

to animals, 186–7, 265–6

Curling, Thomas Blizard, 233

Dalby, William Bartlett, 253

danger, 22, 28, 37–40, 49, 56, 65–7, 79–80, 83, 92, 100, 107, 133, 140, 149, 215, 219, 222, 239, 245, 254, 264, 273, 284, 286

Darby, Thomas, 247, 249

Davy, Humphry, 10, 12, 215, 220

dead bodies, 25, 37, 202–3, 233–5

attitudes towards, 204–7

bequests of, 212–13

of the poor, 17, 187, 190–1, 203, 207–12

price of, 196

proposals for the acquisition of, 195, 197, 200, 203–4

death, during and after surgery, 1, 22, 52, 68, 79–83, 91, 92, 109, 128, 131, 135, 137, 143, 145–8, 174–9, 183, 190, 198, 202, 227–8, 240, 245, 255, 278, 281

delirium, 137–8, 145, 225–6, 243

depression, 68, 92, 105, 129, 146, 244, 263

despair, 2, 82, 91, 95, 128, 129, 243

despondency, 66, 81, 91, 121, 128–30, 134, 145, 176, 243, 257

detachment, 7–8, 70–1, 83, 85–8, 98, 107, 190, 242, 257, 271–2, 279, 284–7

dexterity. See embodiment: and skill

dislocation of joints, 90, 143

dispassion. See detachment

dissection, 17, 25, 45–6, 70, 79, 114, 135, 187, 232–3

as preparation for surgery, 28, 35–7, 197–8

defence of, 187–8, 197–207

growth of, 195

historiography of, 188–90

opposition to, 194–5, 205, 207–12, 235

Dobson, Richard, 143

Donders, Franciscus, 275

dressers, surgical, 38, 41, 46–9, 80, 137, 156, 174–6, 232, 271

drunkenness. See alcohol, consumption of

Dubois, Antoine, 84

Earle, Henry, 176, 178

Edinburgh, 14, 15, 32, 41, 56–9, 72, 77, 156, 207, 231, 244, 247, 250, 251, 256, 260, 273

surgical education in, 20–1, 27–8, 36, 193–5

Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, 58, 255, 256, 264

education, surgical, 42, 47–8, 50, 80, 135, 174, 190, 194, 202, 267, 282, 286

changing forms of, 20–1, 27–8, 43, 156–63, 195

lectures for, 24–5, 33, 38, 40, 80, 82–3, 86–91, 94, 99–100, 124, 132, 137, 140, 145, 161, 162, 258–60

manual, 33–8

Elliotson, John, 23, 62, 220–1

Ellis, Sarah Stickney, 219

embarrassment, 32, 75, 180–1; see also humiliation

embodiment, 16, 139–45, 281

and experience, 5, 8, 13, 29, 63, 68, 79–80, 109, 125–8, 198

and skill, 16, 32–8, 57–8

emotional community, 12, 87, 94

emotional regime, 3, 7, 11–12, 15–17, 22, 33, 42, 67, 87, 107, 188, 190, 192, 193, 196, 199, 231, 233, 235, 241–2, 253, 254, 260, 272, 279, 283, 286

emotions

and introspection, 9, 16, 71–6, 260, 284–6

authenticity of, 8, 9, 23, 40, 63, 68, 76, 165, 183, 193, 199, 267

historiography of, 3–6

ontology of, in surgery, 242–54, 284

restraint of, 42, 85–8, 142, 144, 148, 177, 272

theories of, 11–13

empathy, 12–13

empire, 199, 234–5, 272–4

Enlightenment, The, 9, 63, 70

Erichsen, John Eric, 230–1, 240, 249, 251–2

Essex and Colchester Hospital, 233

ethnicity, 15, 142, 144, 225, 285

failure

operative, 61, 75, 79, 81, 182, 184, 223, 254–5, 272

professional, 37, 74–5, 80–1, 150

family, 66–7, 90, 112, 115, 177

historiography of, 4, 117

relations, 103–4, 116–17, 124–5, 133–5

fear

of patients, 1, 48, 66, 92–3, 103, 105, 109, 112, 117–24, 129–30, 132, 144, 148, 177, 213, 218–19, 228, 231, 243–5, 278, 280

of surgeons, 68–9, 74, 78–81, 84, 95, 105, 109, 181, 280

Fergusson, William, 232

fever, 140, 145, 243, 245, 278

puerperal, 253

Fildes, Luke, 269–70

First World War, 273–4

fortitude, 77, 88–9, 127, 141–4, 146–8, 177, 218, 227, 233

foundling hospitals, 200

France, 84–5, 129, 193

surgery in, 21, 25, 30, 135, 195

Franco-Prussian War, 274

French Revolution, 31, 85, 106, 193, 195, 205

French wars (Revolutionary and Napoleonic), 8, 85–6, 194, 197, 199–200

friendlessness, 203–5, 208–12

Gamgee, Sampson, 249, 251

gender, 15, 16, 51, 66, 69, 87–8, 95–107, 116–17, 131, 141, 143–4, 218–20, 222, 225, 226, 252–3, 261, 285

and surgical skill, 33–4

general practitioners, 14–15, 21, 30, 74–5, 118, 119, 154, 158, 160, 172

germ theory, 11, 17, 237–41, 243, 246–50, 255, 257, 260, 282

Germany, 241, 252, 274

Glasgow, 27, 156, 197, 247, 268

Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 143, 178, 246, 268, 277

Godlee, Rickman John, 249, 251, 262–4, 267, 276

Godwin, William, 202

gratitude, 66, 130–2, 134, 146, 268, 275, 284

grave-robbing, 187, 194–6, 207

Great Windmill Street Anatomy School, 24, 77, 157

Green, Joseph Henry, 47, 51, 166, 168, 174

Gregory, James, 72, 77, 78

grief, 84, 102–5, 108, 117–18, 121, 202, 244, 255, 286

Guthrie, George, 205–6

Guy’s Hospital, London, 26, 47, 48, 90, 95–6, 131, 132, 157–8, 160, 162, 174

lectures at, 217

operations at, 47–9, 56, 88, 126, 137–8, 143, 146, 149, 178–9

haemorrhage, 27, 79–80, 125, 173, 176, 213

Hall, Marshall, 139, 216

Haller, Albrecht von, 100, 140

happiness, 62, 65–6, 131, 202, 232, 263, 280

utilitarian, 200–1, 205, 206, 210, 219

Hare, William, 207–8, 211

Hastings, Charles, 144

head injuries, 133, 136–9

Henley, William Ernest, 256, 261, 270

hernia, 14, 82

heroism, 6, 22, 32, 54, 63, 68, 154, 163, 168–70, 256, 257, 270–1, 273–5, 278, 282, 285

Hoggan, Frances, 267

holism, 241, 248, 264

Home, Everard, 24–6, 37, 71, 158–9, 187, 280, 282

and emotional self-restraint, 87–8

horror, 1–2, 29, 42, 50, 52, 84, 95, 106, 177, 200, 203, 205, 213, 231, 239, 277, 279–82

as a rhetorical device, 172, 181, 183

hospitalism, 240, 243, 247, 249

hospitals, 15, 34, 49, 61, 77, 111, 113–16, 165, 191, 200, 203, 240, 245, 263, 278; see also individual hospitals listed by name

disciplinary cultures of, 16, 105, 132–8

provincial, 43, 156, 178

teaching, 14, 17, 23, 37–8, 43, 46, 67, 80–1, 89, 150, 154, 156–63, 172–83, 195

Hume, David, 69–70

humiliation, 75, 76; see also embarrassment

humour, 83, 106, 283

during surgery, 50–1, 177, 223

Hunt, Henry, 170, 208, 209, 210

Hunter, John, 5, 8, 20, 24–7, 29, 76–7, 100, 145, 249, 251, 276, 279, 280

Hunter, William, 24–5, 27, 70, 157

Hunterian Oration, 26, 31, 38, 195

Hunterian Society, 233

hysteria, 100, 144, 218–19, 222, 253

and anaesthesia, 226

imagination, acts of, 13, 42, 66, 68–70, 73–4, 91–5, 109–10, 117, 130, 151, 168–9, 180, 196–200, 202, 203, 205, 207, 209–10, 216, 278

incompetence, 32, 126, 154, 160, 172

exposure of, 17, 149–51, 153, 163, 172–84

indifference, 6, 11, 15, 29, 51, 57–8, 70, 94, 245, 254, 259, 264

indignation, 167, 176–8, 211, 267

infection, post-operative, 68, 145, 240–1, 245–51, 254–7, 261–3

inflammation, 29, 102, 109, 123, 140, 174–5, 259, 278

insensibility

emotional, 15, 70, 86, 87; see also indifference

of consciousness, 137, 139, 220, 223–4, 226, 227, 233

instruments, surgical, 37, 40, 49, 57, 58, 71, 79, 86, 126, 149–50, 179, 230, 232, 234, 255

as objects of fear, 1, 69, 89–90, 231

International Congress of Medical Science, 253, 274, 275

intersubjectivity, 7, 10, 13, 16, 68–9, 88, 93–4, 98–9, 104, 108, 109, 115, 150, 181, 188, 192, 193, 198, 214–16, 220, 222–3, 233–6, 242, 257, 262, 272, 284–6

Ireland, 103, 122, 129, 154–6, 195, 247

irritability, 16, 94, 101, 103, 124, 134, 139–45

Jeffreys, Henry, 175, 183

Joberns, John, 175

joy, 13, 65–6, 130–1, 244, 260–1, 280

Keith, William, 239

Key, Charles Aston, 146, 158, 217

King’s College Hospital, 261–2, 265

King’s College London, 250–1, 260, 263

Knox, Robert, 21

Koch, Robert, 274

Lambert, James, 162, 179–80

Lancet, The, 16–17, 110

ambivalences of, 182–3

and anaesthesia, 234–5

and anatomical dissection, 210–12

and Hoo Loo’s operation, 146–8

and professional identity, 151

and Robert Liston, 55–62

criticism of, 180–2

hospital case reports, use of, 149–51, 163, 172–7

lectures, pirating of, 162–3

literary style of, 55, 151–4, 163–9, 171–2, 177–80

metrocentrism of, 154–5

readership of, 162

Larrey, Dominique Jean, 84, 98

Lascelles, Henry, 2nd Earl of Harewood, 209

laughter. See humour: during surgery

Lawrence, William, 49–51, 62, 106, 157, 177, 232

Laycock, Thomas, 139, 218, 221

lectures. See education: surgical, lectures for

Leeson, John Rudd, 239, 245, 247, 250, 251, 256, 261–3, 267, 268, 271–2, 276

Leiden University, 27, 44

letters. See correspondence

Lister, Joseph, 3, 11, 17, 254, 273, 275–6

and cleanliness, 246–7

and germ theory, 240–1, 245–6, 250–2, 257

and religion, 258, 261

and the women’s movement, 267

and vivisection, 265–6

as a professional ideal, 271–2, 284

emotional identity of, 242, 257–63, 271

hagiography of, 52, 237–9, 242, 256, 261–4, 268–9, 271, 276–8, 282

relations with patients, 256, 261–2

Liston, Robert, 16, 20–1, 29, 51, 54–6, 58–9, 63–4, 144, 158, 223, 235, 258, 259

and mesmerism, 54, 220–1

and The Lancet. See Lancet, The: and Robert Liston

mythology of, 52–4, 281–2

operative skill of, 23, 33, 35, 59–62

physicality of, 56–8, 62–3

radicalism of, 59

lithotomy, 14, 38, 47, 50, 83, 131, 142, 149–50, 158, 162, 175–81, 184, 198, 234

lithotrity, 234

Lizars, John, 193–7, 199, 202

Lloyd, Eusebius, 49

London, 14, 15, 17, 27, 36, 43, 56, 58–9, 62, 77, 106, 123, 124, 129, 146, 148, 150, 154–63, 172–83, 187, 195–6, 210, 249, 250, 281

London Hospital, 142, 158, 223, 227, 278

London Medical Gazette, The, 62, 166, 169, 180–1, 204–5, 209, 222

London University. See University College London

Lucas, William, junior, 126

Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 208

Mackenzie, William, 197–201

Macleod, Roderick, 166, 169, 180–2

Manchester Infirmary, 111, 132, 138

marriage, 101, 125, 213

and its discontents, 104

Marsh, Henry, 285

masculinity, 101, 143–4, 218–20

and reform, 167, 170–1

and surgical identity, 33, 63, 87–8, 106–7

materialism, 159, 205, 241, 267

medicine, 100, 155, 264–70, 284

historiography of, 4–6, 21, 34–5, 97–8, 106–7, 132, 151–2, 241, 280

relations with surgery, 20–1, 30–1, 78

Medico-Chirurgical Review, 61, 64, 164–6, 169, 174, 182

melodrama, 17, 66, 200, 211

ambivalences of, 169, 182–4

and surgical reform, 153–4, 170–2, 177–80

moral polarities of, 166–7, 171

scholarship on, 153

memoirs, 15, 239, 285

memory, 54, 173, 185–86, 199, 263, 267, 274

of surgery, 1–2, 70, 126–7, 137, 224, 228

popular, 2–3, 276–83, 286

menstruation, 100–1

mental health, 73–4, 137–8, 144, 225–6, 233

mesmerism, 23, 54, 143, 220–9

Middlesex Hospital, 47, 157–8, 175–6, 225

military surgery. See war

Mill, James, 59, 201

Mill, John Stuart, 201

Miller, James, 55, 64, 220, 231–5

mind-body relations, 5, 68, 91, 100–5, 113, 120–1, 128–9, 140–1, 144, 221, 222, 243–5, 247–8, 252–4

Minto House Hospital, 41

misery, 11, 68, 76, 93, 118, 260, 274, 278, 280

modernity, 105, 110, 271

scientific, 3, 11, 12, 17, 52, 192–3, 231, 235, 239, 241, 256, 257, 270, 272, 274, 276–87

Monro, Alexander, primus, 27, 45

Monro, Alexander, secundus, 27–8

Monro, Alexander, tertius, 27

moral philosophy, 70, 100, 189, 192, 217

motherhood, 65–6, 87–8, 97, 116–17, 133–5, 200, 208, 268–70, 278

and breast cancer, 101–5, 107

Moynihan, Berkeley, 278–80

murder

as a rhetorical device, 80, 175, 183, 197, 202

for dissection, 208, 211

Murder Act, The, 28, 195

National Health Service, 284

nepotism in surgery, 17, 61, 159, 161, 167, 168, 172, 179

nervous system, 92, 104, 115–16, 124, 125, 135, 140–5, 217, 218–19, 222, 232, 234, 243, 254

autonomic, 139, 140

shock to, 221, 244–5

Newman, William, 253

Newton, Isaac, 26, 201

Nightingale, Florence, 247

nitrous oxide, 12, 215, 220

Norris, William, 27

North London Hospital. See University College Hospital

Northern Dispensary, London, 226

nostalgia, 129

Nunn, Roger Sturley, 233

Nunneley, Thomas, 248, 249, 252, 255

nursing, 138, 145, 146, 148, 177, 247, 263–4

objectivity, 4, 22, 24, 70, 113, 222, 249, 272

Obstetrical Society of London, 253

Ogston, Alexander, 237–40, 274

operating theatre, 23, 41–2, 55, 57, 61, 75, 127, 137, 140, 142, 149, 176, 192, 225, 231, 254, 263, 283

and theatricality, 46, 49, 154

arrangement of, 90, 177

cultures of, 23, 51, 213–14, 228, 232–3

design of, 43–6

operations, surgical, 15, 69–70, 242

anxiety before and during, 1–2, 76–81, 90–3, 109, 121–2, 124, 181, 231, 240, 243–5, 258–9, 261, 280

calmness during, 38–9, 81, 86–8, 231–2

descriptions of, 1–2, 41–2, 48–51, 79, 80, 83–5, 88–9, 110, 125–7, 141–3, 146–50, 176–9, 223–7, 277

dexterity in, 33–8, 59–64

flamboyance in, 23, 39–41, 58, 61, 213–14

gesture during, 49–50

styles of, 22, 29–30, 33, 51–4, 232–4

Osler, William, 271–2

Oswald, Henry Robert, 71–6, 135, 260

ovariotomy, 194, 235, 240, 243–4

pain, 2–3, 38, 69–70, 92, 128, 143, 228, 231, 232, 243, 266

accounts of, 112, 125–9, 227

as an evil, 191, 216–18

historiography of, 6, 126, 191

moral qualities of, 215–20, 233

relief of, 11, 52, 94, 215, 220, 221, 260, 278

Paré, Ambroise, 26, 275–6

Paris, 106, 129

clinical revolution in, 21, 30, 67, 135, 216–17; see also clinical medicine

Pasteur, Louis, 240, 246, 250, 274

patients

accounts of, 1–2, 16, 84, 116–31, 224–6

agency of, 16, 69, 92, 102, 109–45

consent of, 132, 134, 135–8

disappearance of, 113–14, 241

idiosyncrasy of, 140–5, 222–3, 227, 229, 241, 244–5, 247–51, 253–5, 265, 285

neglect of, 172–5

sufferings of, 40, 42, 48, 50–1, 61–2, 69, 70, 75, 76, 94, 107, 125–8, 138, 141–3, 146–151, 172–3, 176–7, 179, 182, 190, 198, 213, 215, 234, 258–60, 277–9

voice of, 104, 110–13, 146–8, 226–9, 232

paupers, 203, 212

performance, surgical, 22–3, 33–51, 55, 56, 64, 67, 76, 89, 108, 150, 181, 269, 272

phenomenology, 13, 67, 110, 242

physicians, 20–1, 24–5, 27, 31, 74, 78, 85, 160, 198, 221, 264–5; see also Royal College of Physicians of London (England)

physiology, 13, 20, 100, 139, 186, 187, 192, 216, 218–19, 245, 248, 251, 265–6

pity, 17, 42, 62, 63, 66–70, 75, 85–7, 94, 98, 105, 108, 116, 144, 146, 150, 176, 177, 180–4, 188–9, 190, 215, 258, 284

Pollard, Stephen, 178–82

poor, 17, 114–17, 132–9, 179, 187–91, 203–12, 269

poor laws, 112, 132, 158, 212

Pott, Percival, 20, 24

pregnancy, 97, 101, 102, 253

prison, 132, 160, 200

private practice, 16, 43, 66, 90, 107, 115, 131, 132, 135, 136, 138, 240, 259

provincial

hospitals. See hospitals: provincial

identity, 155–6

medicine and surgery, 14–15, 116, 154–5

Provincial Medical and Surgical Association, 144, 155; see also British Medical Association

pupils, surgical. See students

race, 15, 144, 245

reform

political, 151–3, 162, 165, 170, 171, 202, 209, 210, 211

surgical, 24, 59, 127, 150–1, 153–5, 158–84, 188, 190, 196, 204–5, 210

regret, 13, 68, 81–3, 108, 120, 147

Reid, John, 247–9

religion, 42, 45–6, 111, 124, 130–1, 164, 224–5, 237–8, 256, 258, 261, 271

resistance, of patients, 115, 132–8

unconscious, 16, 115, 138–45

risk. See danger

Robinson, George Richard, 208

Rogerson, George, 206–7

Romanticism, 8–9, 200

and literature, 164–6

and political radicalism, 152–3, 170–2

and science, 9–10

and sensibility, 42, 51, 58, 62–3, 67–8, 70, 75–6, 106–7, 117, 183, 186, 193

and surgery, 8, 10–11, 28–9, 39–40, 67, 85–6, 215–16, 254–5, 258–9

and the sublime, 97, 146

and the unconscious, 139

Rowlandson, Thomas, 71

Royal College of Physicians, London, 156, 160, 221

Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, 15, 19, 28, 283

Royal College of Surgeons of London (England), 15, 19, 20, 26, 95, 156, 158, 167, 168, 185, 280, 283

Council of, 158

Court of Examiners of, 158–9

Royal Institution, London, 244

Royal Sea-Bathing Hospital, Margate, 256

sailors, 133–4, 209–10

Saleeby, Caleb Williams, 276–8

Savory, William, 244, 248–50, 252

Select Committee on Anatomy, 195, 204, 211

sepsis. See infection, post-operative

sexually-transmitted disease, 124, 225, 266

Shaw, George Bernard, 268

Shaw, John, 175–6, 184

showmanship. See operations, surgical: flamboyance in

Simpson, James Young, 1–2, 223, 229, 240, 277

Skey, Frederic Carpenter, 34, 38–40, 91, 93, 120, 124–5

Smith, Adam, 69–70, 84, 86, 100, 127

Smith, Thomas Southwood, 204, 209, 213

Snow, John, 214, 226, 227–9, 234

Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 187

Society of Apothecaries, London, 158, 165–6

South African War, 273

South, John Flint, 14, 46, 106

Southey, Robert, 164–6

Sprigge, Samuel Squire, 162–6, 171

Squire, William, 54

St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, 34, 138, 157, 158, 244, 256

lectures at, 29, 80, 135, 197

operations at, 48, 49, 50, 176–8

St George’s Hospital, London, 51, 158

lectures at, 24

neglect of patients at, 174–5, 177–8, 183

operations at, 48, 223

St Thomas’ Hospital, London, 14, 44, 56, 136, 157–8, 160, 166, 187, 219, 245, 283

lectures at, 33, 47, 80, 273

neglect of patients at, 173–5

operations at, 46–8, 51, 149

rebuilding of, 247

statistics, in surgery, 235, 240, 250, 272

Stewart, John, 263–4

Stockport Infirmary, 226

Struthers, John, 27–8, 40

students, 15, 20–1, 23, 26, 28, 31, 33, 38, 40, 55, 71, 76, 80, 82–3, 89, 90, 92, 95–7, 99, 123, 124, 132, 135, 137, 138, 140, 144–5, 150, 174, 179, 180, 190, 193, 217, 230, 232, 237, 239, 244, 254, 255, 262, 263, 272, 277, 281

behaviour of, 41–2, 46–51, 162–3, 174–7, 186–7, 196, 274

education of, 24–5, 35–8, 43, 87, 156–8, 195, 198, 199, 258–60, 273

rights of, 47, 59, 160–2, 172

Suakin Expedition, 273

surgeon-apothecaries. See general practitioners

surgeons

as divine, 17, 242, 257, 270–2, 284

caricature of, 10–11, 16, 61, 64, 71, 76, 86, 87, 178, 276, 279, 282–3, 286

definition of, 13–15

practical, 251–2

pure, 14, 30, 74, 157–9, 163, 165

status of, 19–22, 24–5, 30–1, 63, 105, 157–9, 174, 213

surgery

heroic, 22, 29–30

historiography of, 6–8, 21–3, 32, 49–50, 98, 110–12, 144, 156–7, 159, 163, 193, 241, 245

limitations of, 68, 76–9, 145, 240, 243, 255

mythology of, 6, 10–11, 19, 24–7, 52–4, 111, 213–14, 238–40, 262–4, 268–9, 274–83, 286

responsibility in, 254–6

Romantic. See Romanticism: and surgery

scientific, 8, 15, 19–20, 24–30, 76, 251

techno-scientific, 11, 17, 193, 214, 229, 233, 251, 253, 257, 268–70, 274

Syme, James, 1, 20, 41–2, 56, 58–9, 230, 258

sympathy, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, 17, 22, 63, 67–71, 77, 85–7, 91, 93–4, 105–8, 115, 117, 144, 146, 150–1, 173, 176, 177, 180–2, 184, 185, 188–90, 193, 198, 205, 213–16, 236, 255, 261, 263–4, 279, 282, 284

physiology of, 99–101, 140

tears, 41–2, 48, 51, 68, 84, 85, 87, 106, 129, 146–8, 165, 176–7, 183, 185, 258

therapeutics, 6, 13, 122–3, 127, 128

blood-letting, 14, 80, 133, 158, 175, 219, 220

caustics, 67, 118, 121, 124, 127–8

Thomson, St Clair, 261, 262, 271, 276, 278

Townend, Joseph, 111, 114, 132, 134, 138

Travers, Benjamin, 101, 158, 161, 166, 173–4, 231, 254

Travers, Benjamin, junior, 219

trephination, 24, 29, 90, 158

Treves, Frederick, 213–14, 274, 278, 279

tumours

benign, 40, 65–6, 130

cancerous. See cancer

excision of, 14, 40, 43, 48, 51, 60–1, 79, 82, 84, 107, 117, 121, 122, 124, 127, 136, 137, 142, 146, 176–7, 220, 235, 242

Tyrrell, Frederick, 157, 158, 166, 174

University College Hospital, London, 23, 51, 52, 58, 62, 144, 158, 262

University College London, 58–9, 62, 77,

Book contents

Index

Summary

Index