Scientific research leads to the generation of new knowledge and is either basic or applied. A question is formulated first, followed by the creation of a hypothesis that needs to be tested. Research in obstetrics and gynaecology can explain the physiology of the reproductive system, the physiology of pregnancy and various clinical abnormalities. Clinical research is carried out through clinical trials. Randomized controlled trials are the gold standard and are performed in four phases with the involvement of patients. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses form the basis of evidence-based medicine. Performance of high-quality research should be controlled by the rules and regulations of national research governance policy to ensure patient safety and ethical issues are adhered to. Research misconduct is a serious failure that leads to incorrect results. Researchers must be aware of the moral rules governing research as well as the consequences for themselves and science.