INTRODUCTION

The United States appeals certain issues of law and legal interpretations in the Panel Report, United States – Countervailing Measures Concerning Certain Products from the European Communities (the “Panel Report”). The Panel was established to consider a complaint by the European Communities with respect to countervailing duties imposed or maintained by the United States on certain steel products originating in various Member States of the European Communities.

Countervailing duties were imposed or maintained by the United States Department of Commerce (“USDOC”) in the course of 12 investigations: six original investigations, two administrative reviews, and four sunset reviews. Certain analyses in these investigations were undertaken pursuant to a United States statute, 19 U.S.C. § 1677(5)(F) (“Section 1677(5)(F)”), which reads as follows:

The subject products in the 12 original investigations and reviews in issue were produced by formerly state-owned enterprises that had been privatized at the time of the 12 underlying administrative determinations. The European Communities alleges that the privatizations in all 12 cases took place at arm's length and for fair market value. The United States did not rebut these allegations. Both participants agree that the changes in ownership relevant to this dispute concern only privatizations, that is, the change in ownership from government to private hands. All the privatizations concerned in this dispute involved a full change in ownership in the sense that in all 12 cases, governments had sold all, or substantially all, their ownership interests and, clearly, no longer had any controlling interests in the privatized producers.