Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-r7xzm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-29T08:00:57.636Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

15 - Media Effects in Middle Childhood

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 September 2009

L. Rowell Huesmann
Affiliation:
Professor of Communication Studies and Psychology and Senior Research Professor, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
Laramie D. Taylor
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor of Communication, University of California at Davis
Aletha C. Huston
Affiliation:
University of Texas, Austin
Marika N. Ripke
Affiliation:
University of Hawaii, Manoa
Get access

Summary

The telecommunications revolution of the twentieth century has created a new environment for our children. Radio, television, movies, videos, video games, and computer networks have assumed central roles in socializing our children while parents may have lost influence. For better or worse, the mass media have an enormous impact on our children's values, beliefs, and behaviors. No examination of middle childhood environments can be complete without understanding the influences of the mass media.

Of course, it is beyond the scope of this chapter to review all of the effects that the mass media have on youth in middle childhood. Excellent recent reviews of media effects on children are available (Anderson et al., 2003; Comstock & Paik, 1991; Huston & Wright, 1997; Palmer & Young, 2003; Singer & Singer, 2001). Instead, in this chapter, we will first elaborate the theory that has developed to explain the different ways in which media exert both short- and long-term influences on children's behaviors and cognitions. We will also review some of the characteristics of media presentations and some of the individual differences in children that have been shown to moderate these effects. Finally, we will review the empirical evidence on the effects of the exposure to the mass media in childhood on four dimensions of behavior and beliefs: (a) violent and aggressive behavior, (b) body image and obesity, (c) stereotype formation, and (d) learning and academic achievement.

Type
Chapter
Information
Developmental Contexts in Middle Childhood
Bridges to Adolescence and Adulthood
, pp. 303 - 326
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andersen, R. E., Crespo, C. J., Bartlett, S. J., Cheskin, L. J., & Pratt, M. (1998). Relationship of physical activity and television watching with body weight and level of fatness among children. JAMA, 279(12), 938–942.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, C. A., Berkowitz, L., Donnerstein, E., Huesmann, L. R., Johnson, J., Linz, D.. (2003). The influence of media violence on youth. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4(3), 81–110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, C. A., & Huesmann, L. R. (2003). Human aggression: A social-cognitive view (pp. 296–323). In Hogg, M. A. & Cooper, J. (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Anderson, C. C., & Maguire, T. O. (1978). The effect of TV viewing on the educational performance of elementary school children. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 24(3), 156–163.Google Scholar
Anderson, D. R. (1986). Television viewing at home: Age trends in visual attention and time with TV. Child Development, 57(4), 1024–1033.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, D. R., & Burns, J. (1991). Paying attention to television. In Bryant, J. & Zillmann, D. (Eds.), Responding to the screen: Reception and reaction processes (pp. 3–25). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Armstrong, C. A., Sallis, J. F., Alcaraz, J. E., Kolody, B., & McKenzie, T. L. (1998). Children's television viewing, body fat, and physical fitness. American Journal of Health Promotion, 12(6), 363–368.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. New York: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.Google Scholar
Bandura, A. (1994). Social cognitive theory of mass media. In Bryant, J. & Zillmann, D. (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 61–90). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. (1963). Imitation of film-mediated aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 3–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banis, H. T., Varni, J. W., Wallander, J. L., Korsch, B. M., Jay, S. M., Adler, R.. (1988). Psychological and social adjustment of obese children and their families. Child: Care, Health, and Development, 14, 157–173.Google ScholarPubMed
Berkowitz, L. (1993). Aggression: Its causes, consequences, and control. Boston: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
Berkowitz, L., & LePage, A. (1967). Weapons as aggression-eliciting stimuli. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 7(2), 202–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bjorkqvist, K. (1985). Violent films, anxiety, and aggression. Helsinki: Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters.Google Scholar
Bryant, J., &Zillmann, D. (1979). Effect of intensification of annoyance through unrelated residual excitation on substantially delayed hostile behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 15(5), 470–480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bushman, B. J., & Huesmann, L. R. (2001). Effects of televised violence on aggression. In Singer, D. & Singer, J. (Eds.), Handbook of children and the media (pp. 223–254). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Campbell, L., Breed, L., Hoffman, L., & Perlman, C. A. (2002). Variations in the gender-stereotyped content of children's television cartoons across genres. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(8), 1653–1662.Google Scholar
Cantor, J. (1994). Confronting children's fright responses to mass media. In Zillmann, D. & Bryant, J. (Eds.), Media, children, and the family: Social scientific, psychodynamic, and clinical perspectives (pp. 139–150). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Cantor, J. (2002). Fright reactions to mass media. In Bryant, J. & Zillmann, D. (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (2nd ed., pp. 287–306). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Chaiken, S., Lieberman, A., & Eagly, A. H. (1989). Heuristic and systematic processing within and beyond the persuasion context. In Uleman, J. & Bargh, J. (Eds.), Unintended thought (pp. 212–252). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Clifford, B. R., Gunter, B., & McAleer, J. (1995). Television and children: Program evaluation, comprehension, and impact. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Cline, V. B., Croft, R. G., & Courrier, S. (1973). Desensitization of children to television violence. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 27(3), 360–365.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coltraine, S., & Messineo, M. (2000). The perpetuation of subtle prejudice: Race and gender imagery in 1990s television advertising. Sex Roles, 42(5/6), 363–389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Comstock, G., & Paik, H. (1991). Television and the American child. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Dates, J. L., & Stroman, C. A. (2001). Portrayals of families of color on television. In Bryant, J. (Ed.), Television and the American family, (pp. 207–228). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Davidson, E. S., Yasuna, A., & Tower, A. (1979). The effects of television cartoons on sex-role stereotyping in young girls. Child Development, 50, 597–600.Google Scholar
Dietz, W. H., & Gortmaker, S. L. (1985). Do we fatten our children at the television set? Obesity and television viewing in children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 75, 807–812.Google ScholarPubMed
Dixon, T. L., & Linz, D. (2000). Overrepresentation and underrepresentation of African Americans and Latinos as lawbreakers on television news. Journal of Communication, 50(2), 131–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DuRant, R. H., Baranowski, T., Johnson, M., & Thompson, W. O. (1994). The relationship among television watching, physical activity, and body composition of young children. Pediatrics, 94, 449–455.Google ScholarPubMed
Durkin, K. (1985). Television and sex-role acquisition 1: Content. British Journal of Social Psychology, 24, 101–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Epstein, L. H., McCurley, J., Wing, R. R., & Valoski, A. (1990). Five-year follow-up of family-based treatments for childhood obesity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 661–664.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eron, L. D., Huesmann, L. R., Lefkowitz, M. M., & Walder, L. O. (1972). Does television violence cause aggression?American Psychologist, 27(4), 253–263.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fagot, B. I., & Leinbach, M. D. (1989). The young child's gender schema: Environmental input, internal organization. Child Development, 60, 663–672.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fouts, G., & Burggraf, K. (1999). Television situation comedies: Female body images and verbal reinforcements. Sex roles, 40(5), 473–481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frueh, T., & McGhee, P. E. (1975). Traditional sex role development and amount of time spent watching television. Developmental Psychology, 11, 109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gable, S., & Lutz, S. (2000). Household, parent, and child contributions to childhood obesity. Family Relations, 49(3), 293–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geen, R. G., & O'Neal, E. C. (1969). Activation of cue-elicited aggression by general arousal. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 11(3), 289–292.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geen, R. G., & Thomas, S. L. (1986). The immediate effects of media violence on behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 42(3), 7–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gortmaker, S. L., Must, A., Sobol, A. M., Peterson, K., Colditz, G. A., & Dietz, W. H. (1996). Television viewing as a cause of increasing obesity among children in the United States, 1986–1990. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 150(4), 356–362.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gortmaker, S. L., Salter, C. A., Walker, D. K., & Dietz, W. H. (1990). The impact of television viewing on mental aptitude and achievement: A longitudinal study. Public Opinion Quarterly, 54(4), 594–604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, E. R., Esty, E. T., & Fisch, S. M. (1990). Television and children's problem-solving behavior: A synopsis of an evaluation of the effects of Square One TV. Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 9(2), 161–174.Google Scholar
Harris, R. J. (1994). A cognitive psychology of mass communication. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Harrison, K. (2000). Television viewing, fat stereotyping, body shape standards, and eating disorder symptomatology in grade school children. Communication Research, 27(5), 617–640.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, K., & Cantor, J. (1999). Tales from the screen: Enduring fright reactions to scary media. Media Psychology, 1(2), 97–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, K., Taylor, L. D., & Marske, A. L. (2004, May). Never say diet (in front of the guys): Women's and men's eating behavior following exposure to ideal-body images and text. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, New Orleans, LA.
Hearold, S. (1986). A synthesis of 1043 effects of television on social behaviour. In Comstock, G. (Ed.), Public communications and behaviour: Vol. I. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Herrett-Skjellum, J., & Allen, M. (1996). Television programming and sex stereotyping: A meta-analysis. In Burleson, B. R. (Ed), Communication yearbook 19 (pp. 157–185). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Huesmann, L. R. (1988). An information processing model for the development of aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 14(1), 13–24.3.0.CO;2-J>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huesmann, L. R. (1998). The role of social information processing and cognitive schema in the acquisition and maintenance of habitual aggressive behavior. In Geen, R. G. & Donnerstein, E. (Eds.), Human aggression: Theories, research, and implications for social policy (73–109). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Huesmann, L. R. (2005). Imitation and the effects of observing media violence on behavior. In Hurley, S. & Chater, N. (Eds.), Perspectives on imitation: From mirror neurons to memes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Huesmann, L. R., & Eron, L. D. (Eds.). (1986). Television and the aggressive child: A cross national perspective. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Huesmann, L. R., & Guerra, N. (1997). Children's normative beliefs about aggression and aggressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(2), 408–419.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huesmann, L. R., Lagerspetz, K., & Eron, L. D. (1984). Intervening variables in the TV violence-aggression relation: Evidence from two countries. Developmental Psychology, 20(5), 746–775.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huesmann, L. R., & Miller, L. S. (1994). Long-term effects of repeated exposure to media violence in childhood. In Huesmann, L. R. (Ed.), Aggressive behavior: Current perspectives (pp. 153–186). New York: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huesmann, L. R., Moise-Titus, J., & Podolski, C. (1997). The effects of media violence on the development of antisocial behavior. In Stoff, D., Breiling, J., & Maser, J. (Eds.), Handbook of antisocial behavior (pp. 181–193). New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Huesmann, L. R., Moise-Titus, J., Podolski, C., & Eron, L. (2003). Longitudinal relations between children's exposure to TV violence and their aggressive and violent behavior in young adulthood: 1977–1992. Developmental Psychology, 39(2), 201–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huston, A. C. (1983). Sex-typing. In Hetherington, E. M (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol 4. Socialization, personality, and social development (4th ed.) (pp. 387–467). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Huston, A. C., & Wright, J. C. (1997). Mass media and children's development. In Damon, W. (Series Ed.), Sigel, I., & Renniger, A. (Vol. Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol 4. Child psychology in practice (5th ed., pp. 999–1058). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Huston, A. C., & Wright, J. C. (1989). The forms of television and the child viewer. In Comstock, G. A. (Ed.), Public communication and behavior: Vol. 2 (pp. 103–158). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P., Smailes, E. M., Kasen, S., & Brook, J. S. (2002). Television viewing and aggressive behavior during adolescence and adulthood. Science, 295, 2468–2471.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnston, J., & Ettema, J. S. (1982). Positive images: Breaking stereotypes with children's television. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Josephson, W. L. (1987). Television violence and children's aggression: Testing the priming, social script, and disinhibition predictions. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 53(5), 882–890.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kotz, K., & Story, M. (1994). Food advertisements during children's Saturday morning television programming: Are they consistent with dietary recommendations?Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 94(11), 1296–1300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leyens, J. P., & Picus, S. (1973). Identification with the winner of a fight and name mediation: Their differential effects upon subsequent aggressive behaviour. British Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 12(4), 374–377.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lord, C. G., Ross, L., & Lepper, M. R. (1979). Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 37(11), 2098–2109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, M. C., & Gentry, J. W. (1997). Stuck in the model trap: The effects of beautiful models in ads on female pre-adolescents and adolescents. The Journal of Advertising, 26(2), 19–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDermott, S., & Greenberg, B. S. (1984). Black children's esteem: Parents, peers, and television. In Bostrom, R. N. (Ed.), Communication yearbook 8 (pp. 164–177). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
McGhee, P. E., & Frueh, T. (1980). Television viewing and the learning of sex-role stereotypes. Sex Roles, 6(2), 179–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, B. (1980). The development of girls' sex-role attitudes. Child Development, 51, 508–514.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moise-Titus, J. (1999). The role of negative emotions in the media violence-aggression relation. Unpublished dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Nathanson, A. (1999). Identifying and explaining the relationship between parental mediation and children's aggression. Communication Research, 26(2), 124–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neuman, S. B. (1988). The displacement effect: Assessing the relation between television viewing and reading performance. Reading Research Quarterly, 23(4), 414–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neuman, S. B. (1995). Literacy in the television age: The myth of the TV effect (2nd ed.). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.Google Scholar
Paik, H., & Comstock, G. (1994). The effects of television violence on antisocial behavior: A meta-analysis. Communication Research, 21(4), 516–546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer, E. L., & Young, B. M. (Eds.). (2003). The faces of televisual media: Teaching, violence, selling to children (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Perloff, R. M. (1977). Some antecedents of children's sex-role stereotypes. Psychological Reports, 40, 947–955.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pingree, S. (1978). The effects of nonsexist television commercials and perceptions of reality on children's attitudes about women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 2(3), 262–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Razel, M. (2001). The complex model of television viewing and educational achievement. The Journal of Educational Research, 94(6), 371–379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ridley-Johnson, R., Cooper, H., & Chance, J. (1983). The relation of children's television viewing to school achievement and I. Q. Journal of Educational Research, 76(5), 294–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, T. N. (1999). Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 282(16), 1561–1567.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, T. N., Hammer, L. D., Killen, J. D., Kraemer, H. C., Wilson, D. M., Hayward, C., & Taylor, C. B. (1993). Does television viewing increase obesity and reduce physical activity? Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses among adolescent girls. Pediatrics, 91, 273–280.Google ScholarPubMed
Rosenthal, R. (1986). Media violence, antisocial behavior, and the social consequences of small effects. Journal of Social Issues, 42(3), 141–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, R. P., Campbell, T., Huston-Stein, A., & Wright, J. C. (1981). Nutritional misinformation of children: A developmental and experimental analysis of the effects of televised food commercials. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 1(4), 329–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruble, D. N., Balaban, T., & Cooper, J. (1981). Gender constancy and the effects of sex-typed televised toy commercials. Child Development, 52, 667–673.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ruble, D. N., & Frey, K. S. (1991). Changing patterns of comparative behavior as skills are acquired: A functional model of self-evaluation. In Suls, J. & Wils, T. (Eds.), Social comparison: Contemporary theory and research (pp. 79–116). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Schramm, W., Lyle, J., & Parker, E. (1961). Television in the lives of our children. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Sheppard-Sawyer, C. L., McNally, R. J., & Fischer, J. H. (2000). Film-induced sadness as a trigger for disinhibited eating. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 28(2), 215–220.3.0.CO;2-J>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Signorielli, N. (1989). Television and conceptions about sex roles: Maintaining conventionality and the status quo. Sex Roles, 21(5/6), 341–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Signorielli, N. (1990). Children, television, and gender roles: Messages and impact. Journal of Adolescent Health Care, 11(1), 50–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Signorielli, N., & Lears, M. (1992a). Children, television, and conceptions about chores: Attitudes and behaviors. Sex Roles, 27(3/4), 157–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Signorielli, N., & Lears, M. (1992b). Television and children's conceptions of nutrition: Unhealthy messages. Health Communication, 4, 245–257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Signorielli, N., & Staples, J. (1997). Television and children's conceptions of nutrition. Health Communication, 9(4), 289–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silverstein, L., Perdue, L., Peterson, B., & Kelly, I. (1986). The role of mass media in promoting a thin standard of bodily attractiveness for women. Sex Roles, 14, 519–532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singer, D. G., & Singer, J. L. (Eds.). (2001). Handbook of children and the media. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Slater, M. D., Henry, K. L., Swaim, R. C., & Anderson, L. L. (2003). Violent media content and aggressiveness in adolescents: A downward spiral model. Communication Research, 30(6), 713–736.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorensen, T. I., & Sonne-Holm, S. (1988). Risk in childhood of development of severe adult obesity: Retrospective, population-based case-cohort study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 127(1), 104–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stoddart, T., & Turiel, E. (1985). Children's concepts of cross-gender activities. Child Development, 56, 1241–1252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stroman, C. A. (1986). Television viewing and self-concept among Black children. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 30(1), 87–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taras, H. L., & Gage, M. (1995). Advertised foods on children's television. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 149, 649–652.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tirodkar, M. A., & Jain, A. (2003). Food messages on African American television shows. American Journal of Public Health, 93(3), 439–441.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Valentino, N. A., Traugott, M., & Hutchings, V. (2002). Group cues and ideological constraint: A replication of political advertising effects studies in the lab and in the field. Political Communication, 19(1), 29–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, D. (2004). Trouble in River City: The social life of video games. Dissertation Abstracts. AAT3122072, PROQUEST.UMI.COM.
Yanovski, J. A., & Yanovski, S. Z. (1999). Recent advances in basic obesity research. JAMA, 282(16), 1504–1506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zajonc, R. B., Murphy, S. T., & Inglehart, M. (1989). Feeling and facial efference: Implications of the vascular theory of emotion. Psychological Review, 96, 395–416.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zuckerman, D. M., Singer, D. G., & Singer, J. L. (1980). Children's television viewing, racial and sex-role attitudes. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 10(4), 281–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Media Effects in Middle Childhood
    • By L. Rowell Huesmann, Professor of Communication Studies and Psychology and Senior Research Professor, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Laramie D. Taylor, Assistant Professor of Communication, University of California at Davis
  • Edited by Aletha C. Huston, University of Texas, Austin, Marika N. Ripke, University of Hawaii, Manoa
  • Book: Developmental Contexts in Middle Childhood
  • Online publication: 16 September 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511499760.016
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Media Effects in Middle Childhood
    • By L. Rowell Huesmann, Professor of Communication Studies and Psychology and Senior Research Professor, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Laramie D. Taylor, Assistant Professor of Communication, University of California at Davis
  • Edited by Aletha C. Huston, University of Texas, Austin, Marika N. Ripke, University of Hawaii, Manoa
  • Book: Developmental Contexts in Middle Childhood
  • Online publication: 16 September 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511499760.016
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Media Effects in Middle Childhood
    • By L. Rowell Huesmann, Professor of Communication Studies and Psychology and Senior Research Professor, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Laramie D. Taylor, Assistant Professor of Communication, University of California at Davis
  • Edited by Aletha C. Huston, University of Texas, Austin, Marika N. Ripke, University of Hawaii, Manoa
  • Book: Developmental Contexts in Middle Childhood
  • Online publication: 16 September 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511499760.016
Available formats
×