Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-gvh9x Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-18T12:22:10.018Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

8 - Body composition

from Part II - Empirical analyses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 November 2015

John William Prothero
Affiliation:
University of Washington
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
The Design of Mammals
A Scaling Approach
, pp. 72 - 90
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2015

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Heymsfield, S.B., Lohman, T.G., Wang, Z. et al. (2005). Human Body Composition, 2nd edn. Champaign: Human Kinetics.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Z-M., Pierson, R.N. Jr., Heymsfield, S.B. et al. (1992). The five-level model: a new approach to organizing body-composition research. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 56:1928.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mason, B. (1966). Principles of Geochemistry. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Keys, A. and Brozek, J. (1953). Body fat in adult man. Physiological Reviews, 33:245325.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siri, W.E. (1961). Body composition from fluid spaces and density: an analysis of methods. In: Brozek, J. and Henschel, A. (eds.) Techniques for Measuring Body Composition. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, pp. 223244.Google Scholar
Hackh, I.W.D. (1919). Bioelements: the chemical elements of living matter. Journal of General Physiology, 1:429433.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitchell, H.H., Hamilton, T.S., Steggerda, F.R. et al. (1945). The chemical composition of the adult human body and its bearing on the biochemistry of growth. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 158:625637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Widdowson, E.M., McCance, R.A. and Spray, C.M. (1951). The chemical composition of the human body. Clinical Science, 10:113125.Google ScholarPubMed
Widdowson, E.M. and Dickerson, J.W.T. (1964). Chemical composition of the body. In: Comar, C.L. and Bronner, F. (eds.) Mineral Metabolism: An Advanced Treatise. New York: Academic Press, pp. 1217.Google Scholar
Forbes, R.M., Cooper, A.R. and Mitchell, H.H. (1953). The composition of the adult human body as determined by chemical analysis. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 203:359366.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forbes, R.M., Mitchell, H.H. and Cooper, A.R. (1956). Further studies of the gross composition and mineral elements of the adult human body. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 223:969975.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gamow, G. (1965). The Creation of the Universe. New York: Bantam Books.Google Scholar
Reeves, H. (1984). Atoms of Silence: An Exploration of Cosmic Evolution. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Trimble, V. (1997). Origin of the biologically important elements. Origins of Life and Evolution in the Biosphere, 27:321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kitchin, C.R. (1987). Stars, Nebulae and the Interstellar Medium. Observational Physics and Astrophysics. Bristol: Adam Hilger.Google Scholar
Spray, C.M. (1950). A study of some aspects of reproduction by means of chemical analysis. British Journal of Nutrition, 4:354360.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spray, C.M. and Widdowson, E.M. (1950). The effect of growth and development on the composition of mammals. British Journal of Nutrition, 4:332353.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meigs, E.B. (1935). The effects, on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in dairy cows, of feeding low-calcium rations for long periods. Journal of Agricultural Research, 51:126.Google Scholar
Williams, R.E., Hughes, D., Lee, P. et al. (1964). The measurement of whole-body potassium by gamma-ray spectrometry and its relation to total body water in dogs. Clinical Science, 27:305312.Google ScholarPubMed
Lloyd, R.D. and Mays, C.W. (1987). A model for human body composition by total body counting. Human Biology, 59:730.Google Scholar
Lockwood, A.P.M. (1963). Animal Body Fluids and their Regulation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Munro, H.N. (1969). Evolution of protein metabolism in mammals. In: Munro, H.N. (ed.) Mammalian Protein Metabolism. New York: Academic Press, pp. 133182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLean, F.C. and Urist, M.R. (1968). Bone: Fundamentals of the Physiology of Skeletal Tissue. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Blitz, R.M. and Pellegrino, E.D. (1969). The chemical anatomy of bone: I. A comparative study of bone composition in sixteen vertebrates. Journal of Bone Joint Surgery, 51 -A:456466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pitts, G.C. and Bullard, T.R. (1968). Some interspecific aspects of body composition in mammals. In: Body Composition in Animals and Man. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, pp. 4570. (Body weights by personal communication from the late W.A. Calder.)Google Scholar
Kelly, H.J., Sloan, R.E., Hoffman, W. and Saunders, C. (1951). Accumulation of nitrogen and six minerals in the human fetus during gestation. Human Biology, 23:6174.Google ScholarPubMed
Umminger, B.L. (1975). Body size and whole blood sugar level concentrations in mammals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 52A:455458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pond, C.M. (1978). Morphological aspects and the ecological consequences of fat deposition in wild vertebrates. Annual Review Ecology Systematics, 9:519570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pond, C.M. and Mattacks, C.A. (1989). Biochemical correlates of the structural allometry and site-specific properties of mammalian adipose tissue. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 92A:455463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Churchfield, S. (1981). Water and fat contents of British shrews and their role in the seasonal changes in body weight. Journal of Zoology, 194:165173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, N.J. (1970). Body composition of inbred mice (Mus musculus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 37:589593.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doornenbal, H., Asdell, S.A. and Comar, C.L. (1962). Relationship between Cr51-determined total red cell volume and lean body mass in rats. Journal of Applied Physiology, 17:737740.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goyal, S.P., Ghosh, P.K. and Prakash, I. (1981). Significance of body fat in relation to basal metabolic rate in some Indian desert rodents. Journal of Arid Environments, 4:5962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayward, J.S. (1965). The gross body composition of six geographic races of Peromyscus. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 43:297308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kodama, A.M. (1971). In vivo and in vitro determination of body fat and body water in the hamster. Journal of Applied Physiology, 31:218222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNab, B.K. (1968). The influence of fat deposits on the basal rate of metabolism in desert homoiotherms. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 26:337343.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Millar, J.S. (1975). Tactics of energy partitioning in breeding Peromyscus. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 53:967976.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Myrcha, A. (1969). Seasonal changes in caloric value, body water and fat in some shrews. Acta Theriologica, 14:211227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Panaretto, B.A. and Till, A.R. (1963). Body composition in vivo: II. The composition of mature goats and its relationship to the antipyrine, tritiated water, and N-acetyl-4-aminoantipyrine spaces. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 14:926943.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reilly, J.J. and Fedak, M.A. (1990). Measurement of the body composition of living gray seals by hydrogen isotope dilution. Journal of Applied Physiology, 69:885891.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rumpler, W.V., Allen, M.E., Ullrey, D.E. et al. (1987). Body composition of white-tailed deer estimated by deuterium oxide dilution. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65:204208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shields, R.G., Mahan, D.C. and Graham, P.L. et al. (1983). Changes in swine body composition from birth to 145 kg. Journal of Animal Science, 57:4354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bjarnason, I. and Lingaas, P. (1954). Some weight measurements of whales. Norsk Hvalfangstted, 43:811.Google Scholar
Bryden, M.M. and Erickson, A.W. (1976). Body size and composition of Crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophagus), with observations on tissue and organ size in Ross seals (Ommatophoca rossi). Journal of Zoology, 179:235247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryden, M.M. (1972). Body size and composition of elephant seals (Mirounga leonina): absolute measurements and estimates from bone dimensions. Journal of Zoology, 167:265276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, D.D. (1962). Allometric relationships in lions vs. domestic cats. Evolution, 16:505514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, J.E. (1949). Weight, etc. of Elephant seal. Nature, 163:536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hock, R.J. (1960). Seasonal variations in physiologic functions of arctic ground squirrels and black bears. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 124:155169.Google Scholar
Kamiya, T. and Yamasaki, F. (1974). Organ weights of Pontoporia blainvillei and Platanista gangetica (Platanistidae). Scientific Reports Whales Research Institute, 26:265270.Google Scholar
Kasuya, T. (1972). Some information on the growth of the Ganges dolphin with a comment on the Indus dolphin. Scientific Reports Whales Research Institute, 24:87108.Google Scholar
Latimer, H.B. and Sawin, P.B. (1955). Morphogenetic studies of the rabbit XII. Organ size in relation to body weights in adults of small sized race X. Anatomical Record, 123:81102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nishiwaki, M. (1950). On the body weight of whales. Scientific Reports Whales Research Institute, 4:184209.Google Scholar
Ohno, M. and Fujino, K. (1952). Biological investigation on the whales caught by the Japanese Antarctic whaling fleets, season 1950/51. Scientific Reports Whales Research Institute, 7:125188.Google Scholar
Omura, H. (1957). Report on two right whales. Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende, 46:374378.Google Scholar
Pond, C.M. and Mattacks, C.A. (1986). Allometry of the cellular structure of intra-orbital adipose tissue in eutherian mammals. Journal of Zoology, 209:3542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pond, C.M. and Mattacks, C.A. (1985). Body mass and natural diet as determinants of the number and volume of adipocytes in eutherian mammals. Journal of Morphology, 185:183193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pond, C.M. and Mattacks, C.A. (1994). The anatomy and chemical composition of adipose tissue in wild wolverines (Gulo gulo) in northern Canada. Journal of Zoology, 232:603616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pond, C.M., Mattacks, C.A. and Colby, R.H. (1992). The anatomy, chemical composition, and metabolism of adipose tissue in wild polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70:326341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simpson, A.M., Webster, A.J.F., Smith, J.S. and Simpson, C.A. (1978). Energy and nitrogen metabolism of Red deer (Cervus elaphus) in cold environments; a comparison with cattle and sheep. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 60:251256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winston, W.C. (1950). The largest whale ever weighed. Natural History, 59:392398.Google Scholar
Zenkovic, B.A. (1937). Weighing of whales. Comptes Rendus Académie Sciences USSR, 16:177182.Google Scholar
Needham, J. (1934). Chemical heterogony and the ground-plan of animal growth. Biological Review, 9:79109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kleiber, M. (1961). The Fire of Life: An Introduction to Animal Energetics. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Bailey, C.B., Kitts, W.D. and Wood, A.J. (1960). Changes in the gross chemical composition of the mouse during growth in relation to the assessment of physiological age. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 40:143155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cizek, L.J. (1954). Total water content of laboratory animals with special reference to volume of fluid within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. American Journal of Physiology, 179:104110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holleman, D.F. and Dietrich, R.A. (1975). An evaluation of the tritiated water method for estimating body water in small rodents. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 53:13761378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pace, N. and Rathbun, E.N. (1945). Studies on body composition. III. The body water and chemically combined nitrogen content in relation to fat content. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 158: 685691.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Panaretto, B.A. (1963). Body composition in vivo. III. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 14:944952.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Panaretto, B.A. (1963). Body composition in vivo. I. The estimation of total body water with antipyrene and the relation of total body water to total body fat in rabbits. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 14:594601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, G.P., Bartholomew, G.A. and Nagy, K.A. (1986). The roles of energetics, water economy, foraging behavior, and geothermal refugia in the distribution of the bat, Macrotus californicus. Journal of Comparative Physiology, B156:441450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradshaw, S.D., Morris, K.D., Dickman, C.R., Withers, P.C. and Murphy, D. (1994). Field metabolism and turnover in the Golden Bandicoot (Isoodon auratus) and other small mammals from Barrow Island, Western Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 42:2941.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa, D.P. (1982). Energy, nitrogen, and electrolyte flux and sea water drinking in the sea otter Enhydra lutris. Physiological Zoology, 55:3544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, T.J., Denny, M.J.S., Russell, E.M. and Ellis, B. (1975). Water usage and diet preferences of free ranging kangaroos, sheep and feral goats in the Australian arid zone during summer. Journal of Zoology, 177:123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denny, M.J.S. and Dawson, T.J. (1975). Comparative metabolism of tritiated water by macropodid marsupials. American Journal of Physiology, 228:17941799.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hansard, S.L. (1963). Radiochemical procedures for estimating body composition in animals. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 110:229245.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holleman, D.F. and Dietrich, R.A. (1973). Body water content and turnover in several species of rodents as evaluated by the tritiated water method. Journal of Mammalogy, 54:456465.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hulbert, A.J. and Dawson, T.J. (1974). Water metabolism in perameloid marsupials from different environments. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 47A:617633.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamis, A.B. and Latif, N.B.T. (1981). Turnover and total body water in Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) and Gibbon (Hylobates lar). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 70A:4546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, P.M. and Heinsohn, G.E. (1974). Water metabolism of two marsupials – the brush-tailed possum, Trichosurus vulpecula and the rock-wallaby, Petrogale inornata in the wild. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 47A:829834.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knox, K.L., Nagy, J.G. and Brown, R.D. (1969). Water turnover in mule deer. Journal of Wildlife Management, 33:389393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kodama, A.M. (1970). Total body water of the pig-tailed monkey, Macaca nemestrina. Journal of Applied Physiology, 29:260262.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leon, B., Shkolnik, A. and Shkolnik, T. (1983). Temperature regulation and water metabolism in the elephant shrew Elephantulus edwardii. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 74A:399407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luft, U.C., Cardus, D., Lim, T.P.K., Anderson, E.C. and Howarth, J.L. (1963). Physical performance in relation to body size and composition. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 110:795808.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacFarlane, W.V. and Howard, B. (1972). Comparative water and energy economy of wild and domestic mammals. Symposium of the Zoological Society London, 31:261296.Google Scholar
McLean, J.A. and Speakman, J.R. (1999). Energy budgets of lactating and non-reproductive Brown long-eared bats (Plecotus auritus) suggest females use compensation in lactation. Functional Ecology, 13:360372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richmond, C.R., Langham, W.H. and Trujillo, T.T. (1962). Comparative metabolism of tritiated water by mammals. Journal of Cellular Comparative Physiology, 59:4552.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wade, L. and Sasser, L.B. (1970). Body water, plasma volume, and erythrocyte volume in sheep. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 31:13751378.Google ScholarPubMed
Yousef, M.K., Johnson, H.D., Bradley, W.G. and Seif, S.M. (1974). Tritiated water-turnover rate in rodents: desert and mountain. Physiological Zoology, 47:153161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forbes, G.B. (1987). Human Body Composition: Growth, Aging, Nutrition and Activity. New York: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, M. (1961). On body size and tissue respiration. Journal of Cellular Comparative Physiology, 57:135147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chinn, K.S.K. (1967). Prediction of muscle and remaining tissue protein in man. Journal of Applied Physiology, 23:713715.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doornenbal, H. and Martin, A.H. (1965). The evaluation of blood volume and total red cell mass as predictors of gross body composition in the pig. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 45:203210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fedyk, A. (1977). Seasonal changes in the water content and level in the bank vole against the background of other gross body components. Acta Theriologica, 22:355363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haecker, T.L. (1920). Investigations in beef production. Minnesota Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin, 193:1111.Google Scholar
Hatai, S. (1917). Changes in the composition of the entire body of the albino rat during the life span. American Journal of Anatomy, 21:2337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munro, H.N. and Gray, J.A.M. (1969). The nucleic acid content of skeletal muscle and liver in mammals of different body size. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 28:897905.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rubey, W.W. (1951). Geologic history of sea water: an attempt to state the problem. Bulletin of the Geological Society America, 62:11111148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holland, H.D. (1984). The Chemical Evolution of the Atmosphere and Oceans. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frankenfield, D.C., Cooney, R.N., Smith, J.S. and Rowe, W.A. (2007). Bioelectrical impedance plethysmographic analysis of body composition in critically injured and healthy subjects. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69:426431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cameron, R.D. and Luick, J.R. (1972). Seasonal changes in total body water, extracellular fluid, and blood volume in grazing reindeer. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 50:107116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Denny, M.J.S. and Dawson, T.J. (1975). Effects of dehydration on body-water distribution in desert kangaroos. American Journal of Physiology, 229:251254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fernandez, L.A., Rettori, O. and Mejía, R. (1966). Correlation between body fluid volumes and body weight in the rat. American Journal of Physiology, 210:877879.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harrison, H.E., Darrow, D.C. and Yannet, H. (1936). The total electrolyte content of animals and its probable relation to the distribution of body water. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 113:515529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacFarlane, W.V., Morris, R.J.H., Howard, B. and Budtz-Olsen, O.E. (1959). Extracellular fluid distribution in tropical Merino sheep. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 10 :269286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCance, R.A. and Widdowson, E.M. (1951). A method of breaking down the body weights of living persons into terms of extracellular fluid, cell mass and fat, and some applications of it to physiology and medicine. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 138:115130.Google ScholarPubMed
Sheng, H-P. and Huggins, R.A. (1973). Body cell mass and lean body mass in the growing beagle. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 142:175180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Body composition
  • John William Prothero, University of Washington
  • Book: The Design of Mammals
  • Online publication: 05 November 2015
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316275108.008
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Body composition
  • John William Prothero, University of Washington
  • Book: The Design of Mammals
  • Online publication: 05 November 2015
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316275108.008
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Body composition
  • John William Prothero, University of Washington
  • Book: The Design of Mammals
  • Online publication: 05 November 2015
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316275108.008
Available formats
×