The epilogue, “From Oeconomy to Ecology,” traces the development of the oeconomy of nature in the works of Linnaeus, Charles Darwin, Henry David Thoreau, and Ralph Waldo Emerson. Tensions already present in the oeconomy the nature of Digby and Boyle intensify in the work of Linnaeus and Darwin. Darwin develops his secular and decentered version of “the economy of nature” by removing the concept’s anthropocentric and theocentric anchors, producing a radically decentered version of nature based on universal struggle and competition. Finally, in the work of Thoreau and Emerson I trace an alternative path of development for the oeconomy of nature based on the intensification of the concept’s theological associations. For Thoreau, natural oeconomy became an alternative to the stultifying effects of political economy. Emerson, likewise, draws upon the work of George Herbert in order to rediscover the spiritual dimensions of natural oeconomy. While Darwin uses the economy of nature to forge to the modern science of ecology, Herbert’s spiritual oeconomy would develop into deep ecology of modern environmentalism.