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3 - Climate Variability. Part II: Interannual to Interdecadal Variability

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 February 2022

Pao-Shin Chu  and
Hiroyuki Murakami
Pao-Shin Chu
Affiliation:
University of Hawaii, Manoa
Hiroyuki Murakami
Affiliation:
UCAR
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Summary

It is well known that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most prominent mode of interannual climate variability in the tropics. The ENSO is a coupled, tropical ocean–atmosphere system that fluctuates on a time scale of two to seven years in the Pacific (Philander, 1990). The ENSO extremes are labeled as either a warm or cold phase, yet its amplitude varies across a continuum with essentially Gaussian statistics (Trenberth, 1997). Characterizing the warm (cold) ENSO phase is the presence of the anomalously warm (cold) sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the eastern and/or central equatorial Pacific known as the El Niño (La Niña) event.

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Climate Variability and Tropical Cyclone Activity , pp. 42 - 98
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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