This chapter empirically tests the theory of active citizenship, utilizing data from the citizen survey to develop a series of metrics of social and spatial exposure in order to examine their relationship to claim-making – demonstrating that greater exposure is broadly associated with both more and more diverse claim-making practice. The chapter then turns to the question of causality, introducing the village land-to-labor ratio as a proxy variable that allows us to assess exposure’s independent, short-term effects on claim-making, while also noting potentially powerful feedback loops between state and citizen action in the long run. The chapter then employs qualitative data drawn from comparative village case studies to further illustrate the relationship between exposure and claim-making, highlighting complexities not captured in the survey data.