Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-2lccl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T06:46:49.543Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Bibliography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 February 2015

David P. Stone
Affiliation:
Former Chair of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP)
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
The Changing Arctic Environment
The Arctic Messenger
, pp. 323 - 350
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2015

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arctic Council Indigenous Peoples Secretariat. Fram Centre, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. www.arcticpeoples.org.
United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues. http://undesadspd.org/indigenouspeoples.aspx.
The Rovaniemi Declaration on the Protection of the Arctic Environment and the Establishment of the Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy, 14 June 1991. Rovaniemi, Finland.
The Nuuk Declaration on Environment and Development in the Arctic, 1993. Report of the Second Ministerial Conference on the Arctic Environment. Copenhagen, Denmark: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
The Inuvik Declaration on Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development in the Arctic, 1996. Report of the Third Ministerial Conference on the Protection of the Arctic Environment. Ottawa, Canada: Department of Indian and Northern Affairs.
The Ottawa Declaration on the Establishment of the Arctic Council, 19 September 1996. Ottawa, Canada.
The Alta Declaration on the Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy, 1997. The Fourth Ministerial Meeting Under the Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy. Alta, Norway.
The Iqaluit Declaration on the Occasion of the First Ministerial Meeting of the Arctic Council, 17–18 September 1998. Ottawa, Canada.
The Barrow Declaration on the Occasion of the Second Ministerial Meeting of the Arctic Council, 13 October 2000. Barrow, Alaska.
The Inari Declaration on the Occasion of the Third Ministerial Meeting of the Arctic Council, 10 October 2002. Inari, Finland.
The Reykjavik Declaration on the Occasion of the Fourth Ministerial Meeting of the Arctic Council, 24 November 2004. Reykjavik, Iceland.
The Salekhard Declaration on the Occasion of the Fifth Ministerial Meeting of the Arctic Council, 26 October 2006. Salekhard, Russia.
The Tromso Declaration on the Occasion of the Sixth Ministerial Meeting of the Arctic Council, 29 April 2009. Tromso, Norway.
The Nuuk Declaration on the Occasion of the Seventh Ministerial Meeting of the Arctic Council, 12 May 2011. Nuuk, Greenland.
The Kiruna Declaration on the Occasion of the Eighth Ministerial Meeting of the Arctic Council, 15 May 2013. Kiruna, Sweden.
Arctic Governance Project, 2010. Arctic Governance in an Era of Transformative Change: Critical Questions, Governance Principles, Ways Forward. www.arcticgovernance.org.
Axworthy, T. S., T., Koivurova and W., Hasanat, 2012. The Arctic Council:Its Place in the Future of Arctic Governance. Collection of papers originally presented 17–18 January 2012 at a conference of the same name – a collaboration between the Munk-Gordon Arctic Security Program and the University of Lapland. Munk-Gordon Arctic Security Program.Google Scholar
English, J., 2013. Ice and Water: Politics, Peoples, and the Arctic Council. Toronto: Allen Lane and Penguin Canada.Google Scholar
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 1 October 1987. Speech Given in Murmansk at the Ceremonial Meeting on the Occasion of the Presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star to the City of Murmansk. www.lecerclepolaire.com/en/documentation-uk/news-a-views-uk/454-meeting-with-the-former-president-mikhail-gorbachev. Murmansk, USSR.Google Scholar
IASC, Bulletin 2013. International Arctic Science Committee. www.iasc.info.Google Scholar
Kankaanpaa, P. and O. R., Young, 2012. “The Effectiveness of the Arctic Council.”Polar Research, 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v31i0.17176.Google Scholar
Keskitalo, E. C. H., 2004. Negotiating the Arctic: The Construction of an International Region. New York and London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Young, O. R., 2005. “Governing the Arctic: From Cold War Theatre to Mosaic of Cooperation.”Global Governance, 11:9–15.Google Scholar
AMAP, 1998. AMIAP Assessment Report: Arctic Pollution Issues. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Oslo, Norway.
AMAP, 2002. AMAP Assessment Report: Radioactivity in the Arctic. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Oslo, Norway.
AMAP, 2009. AMAP Assessment Report: Radioactivity in the Arctic. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Oslo, Norway.
Sjoblom, K.-L. and G., Linsley, 1998. International Arctic Seas Assessment Project (IASAP): “Summary.” IAEA Bulletin, 40/4/1998.Google Scholar
Strand, P. and A., Cooke (eds.), 1995. Environmental Radioactivity in the Arctic. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Environmental Radioactivity in the Arctic. C/O Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority. Østorås, Norway.
Strand, P. and E., Holm (eds.), 1995. Environmental Radioactivity in the Arctic. Scientific Committee of the International Conference on Environmental Radioactivity in the Arctic and Antarctic. C/O Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority. Østorås, Norway.
AMAP/Nordic Environment Finance Corporation (NEFCO), 1995. Barents Region Environmental Programme: Proposals for Environmentally Sound Investment Projects in the Russian Part of the Barents Region. Volume II: Radioactive Contamination.
IAEA, 1993. International Meeting on Assessment of Actual and Potential Consequences of Dumping of Radioactive Waste Into Arctic Seas (Oslo, Norway, 1–5 February 1993). Working Material of the IAEA.
IAEA, 1998. The Radiological Accident in the Reprocessing Plant at Tomsk. International Atomic Energy Agency. Vienna, Austria.
IAEA, 2008. Contact Expert Group (CEG). Current Developments in the Nuclear Legacy Programmes of the CEG Members and Partners by September 2008. Newsletter No. 2. Contact Expert Group for International Radwaste Projects in the Russian Federation.
Joint Norwegian-Russian Expert Group for Investigation of Radioactive Contamination in Northern Areas, 1997. Sources Contributing to Radioactive Contamination of the Techa River and Areas Surrounding the Mayak Production Association, Urals, Russia: Programme of Investigation of Possible Impacts of Mayak PA Activities on Radioactive Contamination of the Barents and Kara Seas. Norwegian Secretariat. Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority. Østorås, Norway.
Layton, D., R., Edson, M., Varela and B., Napier, 1997. Radionuclides in the Arctic Seas From the Former Soviet Union: Potential Health and Ecological Risks. Arctic Nuclear Waste Assessment Program (ANWAP): Office of Naval Research.Google Scholar
Lind, O.C., D.H., Oughton, B., Salbu, I., Skipperud, M.A., Sickel et al., 2006. “Transport of Low 240Pu/239Pu Atom Ratio Plutonium-Species in the Ob and Yenisei Rivers to the Kara Sea.”Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 251:33–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lidén, K., 1961. “Caesium 137 Burdens in Swedish Laplanders and Reindeer.”Acta Radiologica, 56:237–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luoto, J. and H., Haapala, 2005. Environmental Cooperation in the Barents Region. Ten-Year Review. Ministry of Environment. Finland.Google Scholar
NEFCO, 2013. Nordic Environment Finance Corporation. Annual Review: 2012. NEFCO. Helsinki, Finland.
Office of Technology Assessment, 1995. Nuclear Wastes in the Arctic: An Analysis of Arctic and Other Regional Impacts From Soviet Nuclear Contamination. OTA-ENV-623. Washington, DC.
Porfiriev, B. N., 1996. “Environmental Aftermath of the Radiation Accident at Tomsk-7.”Environmental Management, 20(1):25–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sivintsev, Y. and O., Kiknadze, 1998. Components of Nuclear Reactors Dumped in the Kara Sea and the Sea of Japan, and Assessment of Radionuclides Contained in them. In the Afterword to the White Book (Yablokov Commission), 172–181. Proceedings of the International Seminar, 19–21 January 1998. International Science and Technology Centre: CDB “Lazurit”. Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.Google Scholar
Skipperud, L., D. H., Oughton, L. K., Fifield, O. C., Lind et al., 2004. “Plutonium Isotope Ratios in the Yenisei and Ob Estuaries.”Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 60:588–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, J. N., K. M., Ellis and L. R., Kilius, 1998. “129I and 137Cs Tracer Measurements in the Arctic Ocean.”Deep Sea Research, 45:959–84.Google Scholar
Smith, J. N., K. M., Ellis and T., Boyd, 1999. “Circulation Features in the Central Arctic Ocean Revealed by Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Tracers From Scientific Ice Expeditions, 1995–1996.”Journal of Geophysical Research, 104:29663–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strand, P., A. I., Nikitin, B., Lind, B., Salbu and G. C., Christensen, 1997. Dumping of Radioactive Waste and Investigation of Radioactive Contamination in the Kara Sea. Results from three years of investigations (1992–1994) in the Kara Sea. Joint Norwegian-Russian Expert Group for investigation of radioactive contamination in the northern areas. Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority. Østorås, Norway.Google Scholar
UNSCEAR, 2000. Report of the Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) to the United Nations General Assembly. Volume 1.
Yablokov, A. (ed.), 1992–1993. Facts and Problems Related to Radioactive Waste Disposal in the Seas Adjacent to the Territory of the Russian Federation: Materials for a Report by the Governmental Commission on Matters Related to Radioactive Waste Disposal at Sea. Established by Decree No. 613 of the Russian Federation President, Moscow, 24 October 1992 (in Russian). English translation by the International Maritime Organization: LC16/INF.2. 1993.
AMAP, 1998. AMIAP Assessment Report: Arctic Pollution Issues. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Oslo, Norway.
AMAP, 2006. AMIAP Assessment Report: Acidifying Pollutants, Arctic Haze, and Acidifi-cation in the Arctic. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Oslo, Norway.
Nordberg, L., 2010. Air Pollution: Promoting Regional Cooperation. United Nations Environment Programme. Nairobi, Kenya.Google Scholar
Symon, Carolyn, 2006. Arctic Pollution 2006: Acidification and Arctic Haze. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Oslo, Norway.Google Scholar
Oreskes, N. and E. M., Conway 2010. Merchants of Doubt. New York: Bloomsbury Press.Google Scholar
Sliggers, J. and W., Kakebeeke, 2004. Clearing the Air: 25 Years of the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Geneva, Switzerland.Google Scholar
UNECE, 1984. The Geneva Protocol on Long-Term Financing of the Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-Range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP). United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Geneva, Switzerland.
UNECE, 2004. Handbook for the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution and Its Protocols. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Geneva, Switzerland.
UNECE, 2004. Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-Level Ozone – Consolidated Text of the Amended Protocol. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Geneva, Switzerland.
UNECE, 2010. Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution 2010: Part A, Ozone and Particulate Matter. Air Pollution Studies No. 17. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Geneva, Switzerland.
UNECE, 2010. Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution 2010: Part D, Answers to Policy Relevant Questions. Air Pollution Studies No. 20. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Geneva, Switzerland.
Victor, D. G., K., Raustiala and E. B., Skolnikoff (eds.), 1998. The Implementation and Effectiveness of International Environmental Commitments: Theory and Practice. Cambridge and London: MIT Press.
ACIA, 2004. Impacts of a Warming Arctic. Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
ACIA, 2005. Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation. Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Newman, P. A., M., Rex et al., 2006. Polar Ozone: Past and Present. Chapter 4 in Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2006. Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project – Report No. 50. World Meteorological Organization. Geneva, Switzerland.Google Scholar
UNEP, 2010 Assessment. Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion. United Nations Environment Programme.
WMO, 2007. Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2006. Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project – Report No. 50. World Meteorological Organization. Geneva, Switzerland.
WMO, 2011. Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2010. Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project – Report No. 52. World Meteorological Organization. Geneva, Switzerland.
AMAP, 1998. “Chapter 11: Climate Change, Ozone, and Ultraviolet Radiation.” In AMAP Assessment Report: Arctic Pollution Issues. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Oslo, Norway.
Balter, M., 2013. “Archaeologists Say the ‘Anthropocene’ Is Here – But It Began Long Ago.”Science, 340(6130):261–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernhard, G., G., Manney, V., Fioletov, J.-U., Grooft, A., Heikkila, B., Johnsen, T., Koskela, K., Lakkala, R., Muller, C. L., Myhre and M., Rex, 2012. “Arctic Ozone and UV Radiation” (in “State of the Climate in 2011”). Bulletin of the American Meteorology Society, 93(7):S129–S132.Google Scholar
Crutzen, P. J., 1970. “The Influence of Nitrogen Oxides on the Atmospheric Ozone Content.”Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 96:320–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dotto, L. and H. I., Schiff, 1978. The Ozone War. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Farman, J., B., Gardiner and J., Shanklin, 1985. “Large Losses of Total Ozone in Antarctica Reveal Seasonal ClOx/NOx Interaction.”Nature, 315:207–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, K., Z., Ruan, V. E., Villafane, J.-P., Gattuso and E. W., Helbling, 2009. “Ocean Acidification Exacerbates the Effect of UV Radiation on the Calcifying Phytoplankter Emiliania huxleyi.”Limnology and Oceanography, 54(6):1855–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnston, H. 1971. “Reduction of Stratospheric Ozone by Nitrogen Oxide Catalysts From Supersonic Transport Exhaust.”Science, 173:517–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lange, J. R., B. E., Palis, D. C., Chang, S. J., Soong and C. M., Balch, 2007. “Melanoma in Children and Teenagers: An Analysis of Patients From the National Cancer Data Base.”Journal of Clinical Oncology, 25:1363–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laube, J. C., M. J., Newland and C., Hogan et al., 2014. “Newly Detected Ozone-Depleting Substances in the Atmosphere.”Nature Geoscience. www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v7/n4/full/ngeo2109.html.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lovelock, J. E., 1971. “Atmospheric Fluorine Compounds as Indicators of Air Movements.”Nature, 230(5293):379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lovelock, J. E., R. J., Maggs and R. J., Wade, 1973. “Halogenated Hydrocarbons in and Over the Atlantic.”Nature, 241(5386):194–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manney, G. L., M. L., Santee, M., Rex., N. J., Livesey et al., 2011. “Unprecedented Arctic Ozone Loss in 2011.”Nature, 478:469–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molina, M. J. and F. S., Rowland, 1974. “Stratospheric Sink for Chlorofluoro-methanes: Chlorine Atom Catalysed Destruction of Ozone.”Nature, 249:810–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newsham, K. K. and S. A., Robinson, 2009. “Responses of Plants in Polar Regions to UVB Exposure: A Meta-Analysis.”Global Change Biology, 15:2574–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oreskes, N. and E. M., Conway, 2010. Merchants of Doubt. New York: Bloomsbury Press.Google Scholar
Rex, M., R. J., Salawitch, P., von der Gathen, N. R. P., Harris, M. P., Chipperfield and B., Naujokat, 2004. “Arctic Ozone Loss and Climate Change.”Geophysical Research Letters, 31:L04116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowland, F. S. and M. J., Molina, 1975. “Chlorofluoromethanes in the Environment.”Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, 13:1–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomon, S., 1999. “Stratospheric Ozone Depletion: Review of Concepts and History.”Review of Geophysics, 37:275–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stolarski, R. and R., Cicerone, 1974. “Stratospheric Chlorine: A Possible Sink for Ozone.”Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 52:1610–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strahan, S. E., A. R., Douglass and P. A., Newman, 2013. “The Contributions of Chemistry and Transport to Low Arctic Ozone in March 2011 Derived From Aura MLS Observations.”Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118(3):1563–76.Google Scholar
UNEP, 2012. Handbook for the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer. Ozone Secretariat. United Nations Environment Programme. Nairobi, Kenya.
UNEP, 2012. Handbook for the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (1985). Ninth edition (2012). Ozone Secretariat. United Nations Environment Programme. Nairobi, Kenya.
WMO/NASA/UNEP, 1988. Report of the International Ozone Trends Panel – Report No. 18, Vols. 1 and 2.
Zavala, J. A., C. L., Casteel, E. H., DeLucia and M. R., Berenbaum, 2008. “Anthropogenic Increase in Carbon Dioxide Compromises Plant Defense Against Invasive Insects.”Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States. 105:5129–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zavala, J. A. and D. A., Ravetta, 2002. “The Effect of Solar UV-B Radiation on Terpenes and Biomass Production in Grindelia chiloensis (Asteraceae), a Woody Perennial of Patagonia, Argentina.”Plant Ecology, 161:185–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
AMAP, 1998. AMIAP Assessment Report: Arctic Pollution Issues. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Oslo, Norway.
AMAP, 2002. AMIAP Assessment Report: Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Arctic. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Oslo, Norway.
AMAP, 2002. AMAP Assessment Report: The Influence of Global Change on Contaminant Pathways to, Within, and From the Arctic. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Oslo, Norway.
AMAP, 2004. AMAP Assessment Report: Persistent Toxic Substances, Food Security and Indigenous Peoples of the Russian North. Final Report. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Oslo, Norway.
AMAP, 2009. AMAP Assessment Report: Human Health in the Arctic. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Oslo, Norway.
AMAP, 2009. AMAP Assessment Report: Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Arctic. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Oslo, Norway.
AMAP, 2011. AMAP Assessment Report: Mercury in the Arctic. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Oslo, Norway.
Kallenborn, R. et al., 2011. Combined Effects of Selected Pollutants and Climate Change in the Arctic Environment. AMAP Technical Report No. 5. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Oslo, Norway.Google Scholar
UNECE, 2010. Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution 2010: Part B, Mercury. Air Pollution Studies No. 18. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Geneva, Switzerland.
UNECE, 2010. Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution 2010: Part C, Persistent Organic Pollutants. Air Pollution Studies No. 19. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Geneva, Switzerland.
UNECE, 2010. Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution 2010: Part D, Answers to Policy Relevant Questions. Air Pollution Studies No. 20. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Geneva, Switzerland.
UNEP, 2013. Global Mercury Assessment 2013: Sources, Emissions, Releases and Environmental Transport. UNEP Chemicals Branch: Geneva, Switzerland. Technical background report available at: www.amap.no/documents/doc/technical-background-report-for-the-global-mercury-assessment-2013/848.
Addison, R. F. and P. F., Brodie, 1973. “Occurrence of DDT Residues in Beluga Whales (Delpinapterus leucas) From the Mackenzie Delta, N.W.T.”Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 30:1733–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Addison, R. F. and T. G., Smith, 1974. “Organochlorine Residue Levels in Arctic Ringed Seals: Variation With Age and Sex.”Oikos, 25:335–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arctic Council, 2000. The Barrow Declaration on the Occasion of the Second Ministerial Meeting of the Arctic Council. Barrow, Alaska.
Aubail, A., R., Dietz, F., Riget, C., Sonne et. al., 2012. “Temporal Trend of Mercury in Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) From Svalbard Using Teeth as a Biomonitoring Tissue.”Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 14:56–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ayotte, P., G., Muckle, J. L., Jacobson, S. W., Jacobson and E., Dewailly, 2003. “Assessment of Pre-and Postnatal Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Lessons From the Inuit Cohort Study.”Environmental Health Perspectives, 111:1253–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balmford, A., 2013. “Pollution, Politics, and Vultures.”Science, 339:653–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barr, D. B., P., Weihe, M. D., Davis, L. L., Needham and P., Grandjean, 2006. “Serum Polychlorinated Biphenyl and Organochlorine Insecticide Concentrations in a Faroese Birth Cohort.”Chemosphere, 62(7):1167–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, S. et al., 2008. “Long-Term Trends in Atmospheric Concentrations of a- and y-HCH in the Arctic Provide Insight Into the Effects of Legislation and Climatic Fluctuations on Contaminants Levels.”Atmospheric Environment, 42:8225–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bellinger, D. C., 2012. “A Strategy for Comparing the Contributions of Environmental Chemicals and Other Risk Factors to Neurodevelopment of Children.”Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(4):501–07.Google Scholar
Benskin, J. P., D., Muir, B. F., Scott, C., Spencer, A. O., De Silva, H., Kylin, J. W., Martin, A., Morris, R., Lohmann, G., Tomy, B., Rosenberg, S., Taniyasu and N., Yamashita, 2012. “Perfluorinated Compounds in the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans.”Environmental Science and Technology, 46(11):5815–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergman, A., J., Heindel, S., Jobling, K. A., Kidd and R. T., Zoeller (eds.), 2012. State of the Science of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals. World Health Organization and United Nations Environment Programme. World Health Organization. Geneva: WHO Press.
Bidleman, T. F., G. W., Patton, D. A., Hinckley, M. D., Walla, W. E., Cotham and B. T., Hargrave, 1990. “Chlorinated Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Atmosphere of the Canadian Arctic.” In D. A., Kurtz (ed.), Long-Range Transport ofPesticides. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers.Google Scholar
Bidleman, T. F., P. A., Helm, B. M., Braune and G. W., Gabrielsen, 2010. “Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in Polar Environments – A Review.”Science of the Total Environment, 408(15):2919–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bogdal, C., E., Abad, M., Abalos, B., van Bavel, J., Hagberg, H., Fiedler and M., Scheringer, 2012. “Worldwide Distribution of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Air, Including Results of Air Monitoring by Passive Air Sampling in Five Continents.”Trends in Analytical Chemistry. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2012.05.011.Google Scholar
Boucher, O., C. H., Bastien, D., Saint-Amour, E., Dewailly, P., Ayotte, J. L., Jacobson et al., 2010. “Prenatal Exposure to Methylmercury and PCBs Affects Distinct Stages of Information Processing: An Event-Related Potential Study With Inuit Children.”Neurotoxicology, 31:373–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boucher, O., M. J., Burden, G., Muckle, D., Saint-Amour, P., Ayotte, É., Dewailly et al., 2012. “Response Inhibition and Error Monitoring during a Visual Go/No Go Task in Inuit Children Exposed to Lead, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Methylmercury.”Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(4):608–15.Google Scholar
Boucher, O., S. W., Jacobson, P., Plusquellec, E., Dewailly, P., Ayotte, N., Forget-Dubois, J. L., Jacobson and G., Muckle, 2012. “Prenatal Methylmercury, Postnatal Lead Exposure, and Evidence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Inuit Children in Arctic Québec.”Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(10):1456–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braune, B. M., 2007. “Temporal Trends of Organochlorines and Mercury in Seabird Eggs From the Canadian Arctic, 1975–2003.”Environmental Pollution, 148:599–613.
Braune, B. M., P. M., Outridge, A. T., Fisk, D. C. G., Muir et al., 2005. “Persistent Organic Pollutants and Mercury in Marine Biota of the Canadian Arctic: An Overview of Spatial and Temporal Trends.”Science of the Total Enwronment, 351:4–56.Google Scholar
Buck Louis, G. M., R., Sundaram, E. F., Schisterman, A. M., Sweeney et al., 2013. “Persistent Environmental Pollutants and Couple Fecundity: The LIFE Study.”Environmental Health Perspectives, 121(2):231–36.Google Scholar
Butt, C. M., D. C. G., Muir and S. A., Mabury, 2010. “Elucidating the Pathways of Poly- and Perfluorinated Acid Formation in Rainbow Trout.”Environmental Science and Technology, 44(13):4973–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butt, C. M., U., Berger, R., Bossi, G. T., Tomy, 2010. “Levels and Trends of Poly- and Perfluorinated Compounds in the Arctic Environment.”Science of the Total Environment, 408(15):2936–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colborn, T., D., Dumanoski and J. P., Myers, 1996. Our Stolen Future: Are We Threatening Our Fertility, Intelligence, and Survival? A Scientific Detective Story. New York: Dutton.Google Scholar
Cuklev, F., E., Kristiansson, J., Fick et al., 2011. “Diclofenac in Fish: Blood Plasma Levels Similar to Human Therapeutic Levels Affect Global Hepatic Gene Expression.”Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 30(9):2126–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Debes, F., E., Budtz-Jorgensen, P., Weihe, R.F., White and P., Grandjean, 2006. “Impact of Prenatal Methylmercury Exposure on Neurobehavioural Function at Age 14 Years.”Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 28(5):536–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dietz, R., C., Sonne, N., Basu, B., Braune, T., O'Hara et al., 2013. “What Are the Toxicological Effects of Mercury in Arctic Biota?”Science of the Total Environment, 443:775–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dietz, R., C. O., Nielsen, M. M., Hansen and C. T., Hansen, 1990. “Organic Mercury in Greenland Birds and Mammals.”Science of the Total Environment, 95:41–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dietz, R., E. W., Born, F., Riget, A., Aubail et al., 2011. “Temporal Trends and Future Predictions of Mercury Concentrations in Northwest Greenland Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Hair.”Environmental Science and Technology, 45:1458–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dietz, R., F., Riget, D., Boertmann et al., 2006. “Time Trends of Mercury in Feathers of West Greenland Birds of Prey During 1851–2003.”Environmental Science and Technology, 40:5911–16.Google Scholar
Dietz, R., F., Riget, E. W., Born et al., 2006. “Trends in Mercury in Hair of Green-landic Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) During 1892–2001.”Environmental Science and Technology, 40:1120–25.Google Scholar
Dietz, R., P. M., Outridge and K. A., Hobson, 2009. “Anthropogenic Contributions to Mercury Levels in Present-Day Arctic Animals: A Review.”Science of the Total Environment, 407(24):6120–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Downie, D. L. and T., Fenge (eds.), 2003. Northern Lights Against POPs: Combatting Toxic Threats in the Arctic. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press.
Dudarev, A. A., 2012. “Dietary Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants and Metals Among Inuit and Chukchi in Russian Arctic Chukotka.”Journal of Circumpolar Health, 71:1–12.
Eckley, N. and H., Selin, 2003. “The Arctic at Risk: Arctic Pollution 2002.”Environment 45(7):37–40.Google Scholar
Eskenazi, B., J., Chevrier, S. A., Rauch et al., 2012. “In Utero and Childhood Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Exposures and Neurodevelopment in the CHAMACOS Study.”Environmental Health Perspectives. doi:10.1289/ehp.1205597.Google Scholar
Genualdi, S., S. C., Lee, M., Shoeib, A., Gawor, L., Ahrens and T., Harner, 2010. “Global Pilot Study of Legacy and Emerging Persistent Organic Pollutants Using Sorbent-Impregnated Polyurethane Foam Disk Passive Air Samplers.”Environmental Science and Technology, 44:5534–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Genualdi, S., T., Harner, Y., Cheng, M., MacLeod et al., 2011. “Global Distribution of Linear and Cyclic Volatile Methyl Siloxanes in Air.”Environmental Science and Technology, 45:3349–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilbert, N., 2012. “Drug Pollution Law All Washed Up: EU Initiative to Clean Up Waterways Faces Tough Opposition.”Nature, 491(7425):503–04.Google Scholar
Gouin, T., J. M., Armitage, I. T., Cousins, D. C. G., Muir, C. A., Ng, L., Reid and S., Tao, 2013. “Influence of Global Climate Change on Chemical Fate and Bioaccumulation: The Role of Multimedia Models.”Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 32(1):20–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gouteux, B., M., Alaee, S., Mabury, G., Pacepavicius and D., Muir, 2008. “Polymeric Brominated Flame Retardants: Are They a Relevant Source of Emerging Brominated Aromatic Compounds in the Environment?”Environmental Science and Technology, 42:9039–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grandjean, P. et al., 1994. “Human Milk as a Source of Methylmercury Exposure in Infants.”Environmental Health Perspectives, 102(1):74–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grandjean, P. et al., 1997. “Cognitive Deficit in 7-Year-Old Children With Prenatal Exposure to Methylmercury.”Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 19(6):417–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grandjean, P., P., Weihe, P. J., Jordensen et al., 1992. “Impact of Maternal Seafood Diet on Fetal Exposure to Mercury, Selenium, and Lead.”Archives of Environmental Health, 47(3):185–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grandjean, P., P., Weihe, R. F., White and F., Debes, 1998. “Cognitive Performance of Children Prenatally Exposed to ‘Safe’ Levels of Methylmercury.”Environmental Research, 77(2):165–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grandjean, P., P., Weihe, V. W., Burse, L. L., Needham, E., Storr-Hansen et al., 2001. “Neurobehavioural Deficits Associated With PCB in 7-Year-Old Children Prenatally Exposed to Seafood Neurotoxicants.”Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 23:305–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregor, D. J., 1990. “Deposition and Accumulation of Selected Agricultural Pesticides in Canadian Arctic Snow.” In D. A., Kurtz (ed.), Long-Range Transport of Pesticides. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers.Google Scholar
Hansen, J. C., B., Deutch and J. O., Odland, 2008(2). Dietary Transition and Contaminants in the Arctic: Emphasis on Greenland: Circumpolar Health Supplements. International Association of Circumpolar Health Publishers. Aapistie, Finland.Google Scholar
Hoff, R. M., D. C., Muir and N. P., Grift, 1992. “Annual Cycle of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Organohalogen Pesticides in Air in Southern Ontario: Atmospheric Transport and Sources.”Environmental Science and Technology, 26:276–83.Google Scholar
Houde, M., D. C. G., Muir, K., Kidd, S., Guildford, K., Drouillard, M., Evans, X., Wang, M., Whittle, D., Haffner and H., Kling, 2008. “Influence of Lake Characteristics on the Biomagnification of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Lake Trout Food Webs.”Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 27:2169–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, P. H. and D. C. G., Muir, 2010. “Identifying New Persistent and Bioaccu-mulative Organics Among Chemicals in Commerce.”Environmental Science and Technology, 44:2277–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hung, H., P., Blanchard, C. J., Halsall, T. F., Bidlemam et al., 2005. “Temporal and Spatial Variabilities of Atmospheric POPs in the Canadian Arctic: Results From a Decade of Monitoring.”Science of the Total Environment, 342:119–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hung, H. et al., 2010. “Atmospheric Monitoring of Organic Pollutants in the Arctic Under the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP): 1993–2006.”Science of the Total Environment, 408:2854–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobson, J. L. and S. W., Jacobson, 1996. “Intellectual Impairment in Children Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Utero.”New England Journal of Medicine, 335(11):783–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobson, J. L., andS. W., Jacobson, 2003. “Prenatal Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Attention at School Age.”Journal ofPediatrics, 143:780–88.Google Scholar
Jacobson, J. L.S. W., Jacobson, G., Muckle, M., Kaplan-Estrin, P., Ayotte and E., Dewailly, 2008. “Beneficial Effects of a Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid on Infant Development: Evidence From the Inuit of Arctic Quebec.”Journal of Pediatrics, 152(3):356–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobson, J. L., S. W., Jacobson and H. E. B., Humphrey, 1990. “Effects of Exposure to PCBs and Related Compounds on Growth and Activity in Children.”Neuro-toxicology and Teratology, 12(4):319–26.Google Scholar
Jacobson, J. L., S. W., Jacobson, R. J., Padgett, G. A., Brumitt and R. L., Billings, 1992. “Effects of Prenatal PCB Exposure on Cognitive Processing Efficiency and Sustained Attention.”Developmental Psychology, 28(2):297–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jantunen, L. M. and T. F., Bidleman, 1995. “Reversal of the Air-Water Gas Exchange Direction of Hexachlorocyclohexanes in the Bering and Chukchi Seas: 1993 Versus 1988.”Environmental Science and Technology, 29:1081–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jobling, S., R., Williams, A., Johnson et al., 2006. “Predicted Exposures to Steroid Estrogens in U.K. Rivers Correlate With Widespread Sexual Disruption in Wild Fish Populations.”Environmental Health Perspectives, 114(S-1):32–39.Google Scholar
Jorissen, J., 2007. “Literature Review: Outcomes Associated With Postnatal Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) via Breast Milk.”Advances in Neonatal Care, 7(5):230–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, E. N., D. W., Schindler, P. V., Hodson, J. W., Short, R., Radmanovich and C. C., Nielsen, 2010. “Oil Sands Development Contributes Elements Toxic at Low Concentrations to the Athabasca River and Its Tributaries.”Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, 107(37):16178–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, E. N., J. W., Short, D. W., Schindler, P. V., Hodson, M., Ma, A. K., Kwan and B. L., Fortin, 2009. “Oil Sands Development Contributes Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds to the Athabasca River and Its Tributaries.”Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, 106(52):22346–351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kidd, K. A., R. H., Hesslein, R. J. P., Fudge and K. A., Hallard, 1995. “The Influence of Trophic Level as Measured by δ15 on the Mercury Concentrations in Freshwater Organisms.”Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 80:1011–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirk, J. L., D., Muir, X., Wang, D., Antoniades, M., Douglas, M., Evans, T., Jackson, H., Kling, S., Lamoureux, D. S. S., Lim, R., Pienitz, J., Smol, K., Stewart and F., Yang, 2011. “Climate Change and Mercury Accumulation Rates in Canadian High and -Sub-Arctic Lake Sediments.”Environmental Science and Technology, 45(3):964–70.Google Scholar
Klánová, J., P., Čupr, I., Holoubek, J., Borůvková, P., Přibylová et al., 2008. Application of Passive Sampler for Monitoring of POPs in Ambient Air – Part VI: Pilot Study for Development of the Monitoring Network in the African Continent. Brno, Czech Republic: Masaryk University.Google Scholar
Lamon, L. et al., 2009. “Modelling the Global Levels and Distribution of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Air Under a Climate Change Scenario.”Environmental Science and Technology, 43:5818–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landrigan, P., L., Lambertini and L. S., Birnbaum, 2012. “A Research Strategy to Discover the Environmental Causes of Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disabilities.”Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(7):258–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Letcher, R. J., J. O., Bustnes, R., Dietz, B. M., Jenssen et al., 2010. “Exposure and Effects Assessment of Persistent Organohalogen Contaminants in Arctic Wildlife and Fish.”Science of the Total Environment, 408(15):2995–3043.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, C. S., J., Cornett and K., Ungar, 2003. “Long-Term Decrease of Cadmium Concentration in Canadian Arctic Air.”Geophysical Research Letters, 30:1256–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, C. S, J., Cornett, S., Willie and J., Lam, 2009. “Mercury in Arctic Air: The Long-Term Trend.”Science of the Total Environment, 407:2756–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Y. F. et al., 2010. “Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Global Air and Surface Soil: Distributions, Air-Soil Exchange, and Fractionation Effect.”Environmental Science and Technology, 44:2784–90.Google Scholar
Lindh, C. et al., 2012. “Blood Serum Concentrations of Perfluorinated Compounds in Men from Greenlandic Inuit and European Populations.”Chemo-sphere, 88(11):1269–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, J. Y., W. H., Schroeder, L. A., Barrie, A., Steffen et al., 2001. “Magnification of Atmospheric Mercury Deposition to Polar Regions in Springtime: The Link to Tropospheric Ozone Depletion Chemistry.”Geophysical Research Letters, 28:3219–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, J., H., Hung, C., Tian and R., Kallenborn, 2011. “Revolatilization of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Arctic Induced by Climate Change.”Nature Climate Change, 1:255–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, J. and Z, Cao, 2010. “Quantifying the Perturbations of Persistent Organic Pollutants Induced by Climate Change.”Environmental Science and Technology, 44:8567–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macdonald, R. W., D., Mackay and B., Hickie, 2002. “Contaminant Amplification in the Environment: Revealing the Fundamental Mechanisms.”Environmental Science and Technology, 36:456–62.Google Scholar
Macdonald, R. W., D., Mackay, Y. F., Li and B., Hickie, 2003. “How Will Global Climate Change Affect Risks From Long-Range Transport of Persistent Organic Pollutants?”Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 9:643–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macdonald, R. W. and L. L., Loseto, 2010. “Are Arctic Ocean Ecosystems Exceptionally Vulnerable to Global Emissions of Mercury? A Call for Emphasized Research on Methylation and the Consequences of Climate Change.”Environmental Chemistry, 7:133–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macdonald, R. W. and M. J., Bewers, 1996. “Contaminants in the Arctic Marine Environment: Priorities for Protection.”ICES Journal of Marine Science, 53:537–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macdonald, R. W., T., Harner and J., Fyfe, 2005. “Recent Climate Change in the Arctic and Its Impact on Contaminant Pathways and Interpretation of Temporal Trend Data.”Science of the Total Environment, ((342:5–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackay,, D. and S., Paterson, 1981. “Calculating Fugacity.”Environmental Science and Technology, 15:1006–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackay, D. and S., Paterson, 1982. “Fugacity Revisited.”Environmental Science and Technology, 16:654A-60A.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, T. and F., Wania, 2008. “Organic Contaminant Amplification During Snowmelt.”Water Research, 42:1847–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, T., Y., D Lei, I., Muradi and F., Wania, 2009. “Organic Contaminant Release From Melting Snow. 1. Influence of Chemical Partitioning.”Environmental Science and Technology, 43:657–62.Google Scholar
Mozaffarian, D., 2009. “Fish, Mercury, Selenium, and Cardiovascular Risk: Current Evidence and Unanswered Questions.”International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 6:1894–1916.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muckle, G., P., Ayotte, E., Dewailly, S. W., Jacobson and J. L., Jacobson, 2001. “Prenatal Exposure of the Northern Quebec Inuit Infants to Environmental Contaminants.”Environmental Health Perspectives, 109:1291–99.Google Scholar
Muir, D. C. G. and C. A., de Wit, 2010. “Trends of Legacy and New Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Circumpolar Arctic: Overview, Conclusions and Recommendations.”Science of the Total Environment, 408(15):3044–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muir, D. and R., Lohmann, 2013. “Water as a New Matrix for Global Assessment of Hydrophilic POPs.”Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 46:162–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muir, D. C. G. and P. H., Howard, 2006. “Are There Other Persistent Organic Pollutants? A Challenge for Environmental Chemists.”Environmental Science and Technology, 40:7157–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muir, D. C. G., X., Wang, F., Yang, N., Nguyen, T. A., Jackson, M. S., Evans, M., Douglas, G., Köck, S., Lamoureux, R., Pienitz, J., Smol, W. F., Vincent and A. P., Dastoor, 2009. “Spatial Trends and Historical Deposition of Mercury in Eastern and Northern Canada Inferred From Lake Sediment Cores.”Environmental Science and Technology, 43:4802–09.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Müller, C. E., A. O., De Silva, J., Small, M., Williamson, X., Wang, A., Morris, S., Katz, M., Gamberg and D. C. G., Muir, 2011. “Biomagnification of Perfluorinated Compounds in a Remote Terrestrial Food Chain: Lichen-Caribou-Wolf.”Environmental Science and Technology, 45:8665–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Academy of Sciences of the United States, 2000. Science Frontiers in Developmental Toxicity and Risk Assessment. National Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC.
Nizzetto, L. et al., 2010. “Atlantic Ocean Surface Waters Buffer Declining Atmospheric Concentrations of Persistent Organic Pollutants.”Environmental Science and Technology, 44:6978–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noyes, P. D., M., McElwee, H. D., Miller et al., 2009. “The Toxicology of Climate Change: Environmental Contaminants in a Warming World.”Environment International, 35(6):971–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Driscoll, K., B., Mayer, T., Ilyina and T., Pohlmann, 2013. “Modelling the Cycling of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the North Sea System: Fluxes, Loading, Seasonality, Trends.”Journal of Marine Systems, 11112:69–82.Google Scholar
Oehme, M., 1991. “Further Evidence for Long-Range Transport of Polychlorinated Aromates and Pesticides: North America and Eurasia to the Arctic.”Ambio, 20 (7):293–97.Google Scholar
Oehme, M., P., Furst, Chr., Kruger, H. A., Meemken and W., Groebel, 1988. “Presence of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins, Dibenzofurans and Pesticides in Arctic Seal From Spitzbergen.”Chemosphere, 17:1291–1300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oreskes, N. and E. M., Conway, 2010. Merchants of Doubt. New York: Bloomsbury Press. Ottar, B., 1981. “The Transfer of Airborne Pollutants to the Arctic Region.” Atmospheric Environment, 15:1439–45.Google Scholar
Outridge, P. M., K. A., Hobson and J., Savelle, 2009. “Long-Term Changes of Mercury Levels in Ringed Seal (Phoca hispida) From Amundsen Gulfand Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) From the Beaufort Sea, Western Canadian Arctic.”Science of the Total Environment, 407:6044–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Outridge, P. M., K. A., Hobson, R., McNeely and A., Dyke, 2002. “A Comparison of Modern and Preindustrial Levels of Mercury in the Teeth of Beluga in the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories and Walrus at Igloolik, Nunavut, Canada.”Arctic, 55:123–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Outridge, P. M., R. W., Macdonald, F., Wang, G. A., Stern and A. P., Dastoor, 2008. “A Mass Balance Inventory of Mercury in the Arctic Ocean.”Environmental Chemistry, 5:89–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pacyna, J. M. and M., Oehme, 1988. “Long-Range Transport of Some Organic Compounds to the Norwegian Arctic.”Atmospheric Environment, 22(2):243–57.Google Scholar
Pozo, K., T., Harner, F., Wania, D., Muir, K. C., Jones and L. A., Barrie, 2006. “Toward a Global Network for Persistent Organic Pollutants in Air: Results From the GAPS Study.”Environmental Science and Technology, 40:4867–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pozo, K., T., Harner, S. C., Lee, F., Wania, D., Muir and K. C., Jones, 2009. “Seasonally Resolved Concentrations of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Global Atmosphere From the First Year of the GAPS Study.”Environmental Science and Technology, 43:796–803.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riget, F., A., Bignert, B., Braune et al., 2010. “Temporal Trends of Legacy POPs in Arctic Biota: An Update.”Science of the Total Environment, 408(15):2874–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogan, W. J., B. C., Gladen, J. D., McKinney, N., Carreras, P., Hardy, J., Thullen et al., 1987. “Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethene (DDE) in Human Milk: Effects on Growth, Morbidity, and Duration of Lactation.”American Journal of Public Health, 77(10):1294–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rooney, R. C., S. E., Bayley and D. W., Schindler, 2012. “Oil Sands Mining and Reclamation Cause Massive Loss of Peatland and Stored Carbon.”Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, 109(13):4933–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scheringer., M., S., Strempel, S., Hukari, C. A., Ng, M., Blepp and K., Hungerbuhler, 2012. “How Many Persistent Organic Pollutants Should We Expect?”Atmospheric Pollution Research, 3:383–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schroeder, W. H., K. G., Anlauf, L. A., Barrie, J. Y., Lu, A., Steffen, D. R., Schneeberger and T., Berg, 1998. “Arctic Springtime Depletion of Mercury.”Nature, 394:331–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Selin, H., 2000. Towards International Chemical Safety: Taking Action on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Department of Water and Environmental Studies. Linkoping University, Sweden.Google Scholar
Selin, H., 2009. Managing Hazardous Chemicals: Longer-Range Challenges. The Pardee Papers/No. 5/March 2009. Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Selin, H., 2010. Global Governance of Hazardous Chemicals: Challenges of Multilevel Management. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Cambridge, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Shoeib, M. and T., Harner, 2002. “Characterization and Comparison of Three Passive Air Samplers for Persistent Organic Pollutants”. Environmental Science and Technology, 36:4142–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shoeib, M., T., Harner and P., Vlahos, 2006. “Perfluorinated Chemicals in the Arctic Atmosphere”. Environmental Science and Technology, 40:7577–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sliggers, J. and W., Kakebeeke (eds.), 2004. Clearing the Air: 25 Years of the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). Geneva, Switzerland.
Sonne, C., 2010. “Health Effects From Long-Range Transported Contaminants in Arctic Top Predators: An Integrated Review Based on Studies of Polar Bears and Relevant Model Species”. Environment International, 36(5):461–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorensen, N., K., Murata, E., Budtz-Jorgensen, P., Weihe and P., Grandjean, 1999. “Prenatal Methylmercury Exposure as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor at Seven Years of Age”. Epidemiology, 10:370–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steffen, A., T., Douglas and M., Amyot, 2008. “A Synthesis of Atmospheric Mercury Depletion Event Chemistry in the Atmosphere and Snow”. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8:1445–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stern, G. A., R. W., Macdonald, P. M., Outridge, S., Wilson et al., 2012. “How Does Climate Change Influence Arctic Mercury?”Science of the Total Environment, 414:22–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strachan, W. M. J. and S. J., Eisenreich, 1990. “Mass Balance Accounting of Chemicals in the Great Lakes.” In D. A., Kurtz (ed.), Long-Range Transport of Pesticides. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers.Google Scholar
Su, Y. et al., 2006. “Spatial and Seasonal Variations of Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the Arctic Atmosphere”. Environmental Science and Technology, 40:6601–07.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sunderland, E. M. and R. P., Mason, 2007. “Human Impacts on Open Ocean Mercury Concentrations”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 21:GB4022.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tian, W., G. M., Egeland, I., Sobol and H. M., Chan, 2011. “Mercury Hair Concentrations and Dietary Exposure Among Inuit Preschool Children in Nunavut, Canada”. Environment International, 37:42–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toose, L., D. G., Woodfine, M., Macleod, D., Mackay and J., Gouin, 2004. “BETR-World: A Geographically Explicit Model of Chemical Fate: Application to Transport of Alpha-HCH to the Arctic”. Environmental Pollution, 128:223–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tysklind, M., I., Faengmark, S., Marklund, A., Lindskog et al., 1993. “Atmospheric Transport and Transformation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans”. Environmental Science and Technology, 27(10):2190–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
UNECE, 1994. State of Knowledge Report of the UNECE Task Force on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Geneva, Switzerland.
UNECE, 2010. Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution 2010: Part C, Persistent Organic Pollutants. Air Pollution Studies No. 19. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Geneva, Switzerland.
UNECE, 2010. Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution 2010: Part D, Answers to Policy-Relevant Science Questions. Air Pollution Studies No. 20. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Geneva, Switzerland.
UNEP, 2013. Global Mercury Assessment. United Nations Environment Programme Chemicals Branch. Geneva, Switzerland.
UNEP, 2006. Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management: Comprisingthe Dubai Declaration on International Chemicals Management, the Overarching Policy Strategy and the Global Plan of Action. Resolutions of the International Conference on Chemicals Management. United Nations Environment Programme. Geneva, Switzerland.
UNEP/AMAP, 2011. Climate Change and POPs: Predicting the Impacts. Report of the UNEP/AMAP Expert Group. Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention. Geneva, Switzerland.
University of Lapland Arctic Centre, 1991. The State of the Arctic Environment. Arctic Centre University of Lapland. Rovaniemi, Finland.
Vandenberg, L. N., T., Colborn, T. B., Hayes, J. J., Heindel et al., 2012. “Hormones and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Low-Dose Effects and Nonmonotonic Dose Responses”.Endocrine Reviews. doi:10.1210/er.2011–1050.
Verner, M. A., P., Plusquellec, G., Muckle, P., Ayotte, E., Dewailly, S. W., Jacobson et al., 2010. “Alteration of Infant Attention and Activity by Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Unravelling Critical Windows of Susceptibility Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling”.Neurotoxicology, 31(5):424–31.CrossRef
Wania, F. and D., Mackay, 1993. “Global Fractionation and Cold Condensation of Low Volatility Organochlorine Compounds in Polar Regions”.Ambio, 22:10–18.Google Scholar
Weber, J., C. J., Halsall, D., Muir, C., Teixeira et al., 2010. “Endosulfan, a Global Pesticide: A Review of Its Fate in the Environment and Occurrence in the Arctic”.Science of the Total Environment, 408(15):2966–84.CrossRefPubMed
Weihe, P. and P., Grandjean, 2012. “Cohort Studies of Faroese Children Concerning Potential Adverse Health Effects After the Mothers’ Exposure to Marine Contaminants During Pregnancy”.Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 54(Suppl. 1):S7.Google Scholar
WHO/LRTAP Convention, 2003. Health Risks of Persistent Organic Pollutants From Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. Joint WHO/Convention Task Force on the Health Aspects of Air Pollution. World Health Organization. Copenhagen, Denmark.
de Wit, C. A., D., Herzke and K., Vorkamp, 2010. “Brominated Flame Retardants in the Arctic Environment: Trends and New Candidates”.Science of the Total Environment, 408(15):2885–2918.Google ScholarPubMed
de Wit, C. A. and D., Muir, 2010. “Levels and Trends of New Contaminants, Temporal Trends of Legacy Contaminants and the Effects of Contaminants in the Arctic”.Science of the Total Environment, 408(15):2852–53.Google Scholar
Wöhrnschimmel, H., M., MacLeod and K., Hungerbuhler, 2013. “Emissions, Fate and Transport of Persistent Organic Pollutants to the Arctic in a Changing Global Climate”.Environmental Science and Technology, 47:2323–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wong, F. et al., 2011. “Air-Water Exchange of Anthropogenic and Natural Orga-nohalogens on International Polar Year (IPY) Expeditions in the Canadian Arctic”.Environmental Science and Technology, 45:876–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wong, M. P., 1985. Chemical Residues in Fish and Wildlife Harvested in Northern Canada. Environmental Studies Program. Department of Indian and Northern Affairs. Ottawa, Canada.Google Scholar
Woodruff, T. J., A. R., Zota and J. M., Schwartz, 2011. “Environmental Chemicals in Pregnant Women in the United States: NHANES 2003–2004.”Environmental Health Perspectives, 119:878–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, H., K. A., Bertrand, A. L., Choi, F. B., Hu, F., Laden, P., Grandjean and Q., Sun, 2013. “Persistent Organic Pollutants and Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Analysis in the Nurses’ Health Study and Meta-Analysis”.Environmental Health Perspectives, 121:153–61.Google ScholarPubMed
Yao, Y., T., Harner, K., Su, K. A., Brice et al., 2010. “A Captured Episode of γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane Air Pollution in the Toronto Area After the Canadian Lindane Ban”.Atmospheric Pollution Research, 1:168–76.
Dawkins, R., 1976. The Selfish Gene. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hardy, A., 1967. Great Waters. London: Collins.Google Scholar
Kintisch, E., 2013. “A Sea of Change for U.S. Oceanography”.Science, 339:1138–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wright, R.,1995. The Moral Animal. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
ACIA, 2004. Impacts of a Warming Arctic. Arctic Climate Impact Assessment.
ACIA, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
ACIA, 2005. Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. New York: Cambridge University Press.
AMAP, 1998. “AMAP Assessment Report, Chapter 11. Climate Change, Ozone, and Ultraviolet Radiation”. In AMAP Assessment Report: Arctic Pollution Issues. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Oslo, Norway.
AMAP, 2002. AMAP Assessment Report: The Influence of Global Change on Contaminant Pathways to, Within, and From the Arctic. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Oslo, Norway.
AMAP, 2011. Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA): Climate Change and the Cryosphere. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Oslo, Norway.
Jeffries, M. O. and J., Richter-Menge, eds., 2011. “The Arctic”. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 93(7):S127–45.
Jeffries, M. O., J. A., Richter-Menge and J. E., Overland, eds., 2012. Arctic Report Card 2012. www.arctic.noaa.gov/report12.
Kallenborn, R. et al., 2011. “Combined Effects of Selected Pollutants and Climate Change in the Arctic Environment”. AMAP Technical Report No. 5. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Oslo, Norway.
Krupnik, I. and D., Jolly (eds.), 2002. The Earth Is Faster Now: Indigenous Observations of Arctic Environmental Change. Arctic Research Consortium of the United States. Fairbanks, Alaska.
Richter-Menge, J., M. O., Jeffries and J. E., Overland, eds., 2011. Arctic Report Card 2011. www.arctic.noaa.gov/report11.
AMAP, 2008. “The Impact of Short-Lived Pollutants on Arctic Climate”. By P. K., Quinn et al. AMAP Technical Report No. 1. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Oslo, Norway.
AMAP, 2008. “Sources and Mitigation Opportunities to Reduce Emissions of Short-Term Arctic Climate Forcers”. By J., Bluestein, J., Rackley and E., Baum. AMAP Technical Report No. 2. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Oslo, Norway.Google Scholar
AMAP, 2011. “The Impact of Black Carbon on Arctic Climate”. By P. K., Quinn et al. AMAP Technical Report No. 4. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Oslo, Norway.
AMAP, 2011. “The Impact of Black Carbon on Arctic Climate”. AMAP Expert Group on Short-Lived Climate Forcers”. By P. K., Quinn, A., Stohl, A., Arneth, J. F., Burkhart et al. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Oslo, Norway.
AMAP, 2013. AMAP Assessment: Arctic Ocean Acidification. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. Oslo, Norway.
Angerbjörn, A., D., Berteaux and R., Ims, 2012. “Arctic Fox”. In Arctic Report Card 2012. www.arctic.noaa.gov/report12/arctic_fox.html.Google Scholar
Archer, D., 2009. The Long Thaw: How Humans Are Changing the Next 100,000 Years of Earth's Climate. Princeton and Oxford, UK: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Archer, D. and S., Rahmstorf, 2010. The Climate Crisis. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Arctic Council, 2011. “An Assessment of Emissions and Mitigation Options for Black Carbon for the Arctic Council”. Technical Report of the Arctic Council Task Force on Short-Lived Climate Forcers. http://arctic-council.org.
Bamber, J. L. and W. P., Aspinall, 2013. “An Expert Judgement Assessment of Future Sea Level Rise from the Ice Sheets”. Nature Climate Change. doi:10.1038/nclimate1778.Google Scholar
Barber, D. G., R., Galley, M. G., Asplin et al., 2009. “Perennial Pack Ice in the Southern Beaufort Sea Was Not as It Appeared in the Summer of 2009.”Geophysical Research Letters, 36:L24501.
Bates, N. R. and J. T., Mathis, 2009. “The Arctic Ocean Marine Carbon Cycle: Evaluation of Air-Sea CO2 Exchanges, Ocean Acidification Impacts and Potential Feedbacks”. Biogeosciences, 6:2433–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bates, N. R., J. T., Mathis and L. W., Cooper, 2009. “Ocean Acidification and Biologically Induced Seasonality of Carbonate Mineral Saturation States in the Western Arctic Ocean”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 114(C11):C1107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, S. et al., 2008. “Long-Term Trends in Atmospheric Concentrations of α- and γ-HCH in the Arctic Provide Insight Into the Effects of Legislation and Climatic Fluctuations on Contaminants Levels”. Atmospheric Environment, 42:8225–33.CrossRef
Berger, A. and M. F., Loutre, 2002. “An Exceptionally Long Interglacial Ahead?”Science, 297:1287–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhatt, U. S., D. A., Walker, M. K., Raynolds, J. C., Comiso et al., 2010. “Circumpolar Arctic Tundra Vegetation Change Is Linked to Sea-Ice Decline”. Earth Interactions, 14:1–20.CrossRef
Bintanja, R. and E. C., van der Linden, 2013. “The Changing Seasonal Climate in the Arctic”. Nature Scientific Reports, 3(1556):1–8.Google Scholar
Bond, T. C., 2007. “Can Warming Particles Enter Global Climate Discussions?”Environmental Research Letters, 2(4). doi:10.1088/1748–9326/2/4/045030.Google Scholar
Bond, T. C. and H. L., Sun, 2005. “Can Reducing BC Emissions Counteract Global Warming?”Environmental Science and Technology, 39(16):5921–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bond, T. C., S. J., Doherty, D. W., Fahey et al., 2013. “Bounding the Role of Black Carbon in the Climate System: A Scientific Assessment”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmosphere, 118(11):5380–552.
Box, J. E. and D. T., Decker, 2011. “Greenland Marine-Terminating Glacier Area Changes: 2000–2010.”Annals of Glaciology, 52(59):91–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, R., C., Derksen and L., Wang, 2010. “A Multi-Data Set Analysis of Variability and Change in Arctic Spring Snow Cover Extent, 1967–2008.”Journal of Geophysical Research, 115:D16111.Google Scholar
Brown, R. and D., Robinson, 2011. “Northern Hemisphere Spring Snow Cover Variability and Change Over 1922–2010 Including an Assessment of Uncertainty”. The Cryosphere, 5:219–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CAFF, 2010. Arctic Biodiversity Trends 2010. Selected Indicators of Trends. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna International Secretariat. Akureyri, Iceland.
Callaghan, T., M., Johansson, R., Brown, P., Groisman et al., 2011. “The Changing Face of Arctic Snow Cover: A Synthesis of Observed and Projected Changes”. Ambio, 40:17–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Callaghan, T. V. et al., 2011. “Multi-Decadal Changes in Tundra Environments and Ecosystems: Synthesis of the International Polar Year Back to the Future Project (IPY-BTF)”. Ambio, 40:705–16.Google Scholar
Callaghan, T. V., F., Bergholm, T. R., Christensen, C., Jonasson, U., Kokfelt and M., Johansson, 2010. “A New Climate Era in the Sub-Arctic: Accelerating Climate Changes and Multiple Impacts”. Geophysical Research Letters, 37: L14705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cappa, C. D., T. B., Onasch, P., Massoli et al., 2012. “Radiative Absorption Enhancements Due to the Mixing State of Atmospheric Black Carbon”. Science, 337:1078–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cattiaux, J., R., Vautard, C., Cassou, P., Yiou, V., Masson-Delmotte and F., Codron, 2010. “Winter 2010 in Europe: A Cold Extreme in a Warming Climate”. Geophysical Research Letters, 37: L20704.Google Scholar
Chierici, M. and A., Fransson, 2009. “Calcium Carbonate Saturation in the Surface Water of the Arctic Ocean: Undersaturation in Freshwater-Influenced Shelves”. Biogeosciences, 6:2421–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cramer, W., G., Yohe, M., Auffhammer, C., Huggel, U., Molau, M. A. F. Silva, Dias, A., Solow, D., Stone, L., Tibig et al., 2014. “Detection and Attribution of Observed Impacts.” In C., Field, V., Barros et al. (eds.), Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In press.Google Scholar
Derksen, C. and R., Brown, 2012. “Snow.”Arctic Report Card: Update for 2012. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.Google Scholar
Derksen, C. and R., Brown, 2012. “Spring Snow Cover Extent Reductions in the 2008–2012 Period Exceeding Climate Model Projections”. Geophysical Research Letters, 39: L19504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deser, C., R., Tomas, M., Alexander and D., Lawrence, 2010. “The Seasonal Atmospheric Response to Projected Arctic Sea Ice Loss in the Late Twenty-First Century”. Journal of Climate, 23:333–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elmendorf, S. C., G. H. R., Henry, R. D., Hollister et al., 2011. “Plot-Scale Evidence of Tundra Vegetation Change and Links to Recent Summer Warming”. Nature Climate Change, 2:453–57.Google Scholar
Englander, J., 2013. High Tide on Main Street: Rising Sea Level and the Coming Coastal Crisis (2nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: The Science Bookshelf.Google Scholar
Epstein, H. E., D. A., Walker, U. S., Bhatt et al., 2013. “Vegetation.” In Arctic Report Card 2012. www.arctic.noaa.gov/reportcard/vegetation.html.Google Scholar
Epstein, H. E., M. K., Raynolds, D. A, Walker et al., 2012. “Dynamics of Above-Ground Phytomass of the Circumpolar Arctic Tundra During the Past Three Decades”. Environmental Research Letters, 7(1). doi:10.1088/1748–9326/7/1/015506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fabry, V. J., J. B., McClintock, J. T., Mathis and J. M., Grebmeier, 2009. “Ocean Acidification at High Latitudes: The Bellwether”. Oceanography, 22(4):160–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flanner, M. G., C. S., Zender, J. T., Randerson and P. J., Rasch, 2007. “Present-Day Climate Forcing and Response From Black Carbon in Snow”. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112: D11202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, A., G., Moholdt, J., Cogley et al., 2013. “A Reconciled Estimate of Glacier Contributions to Sea Level Rise: 2003–2009”. Science, 340:852–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghatak, D. and J., Miller, 2013. “Implications for Arctic Amplification of Changes in the Strength of the Water Vapour Feedback”. Journal of Geophysical Research, 118:7569–78.Google Scholar
Gillett, N. P., D. A., Stone, P. A., Stott et al., 2008. “Attribution of Polar Warming to Human Influence”. Nature Geoscience, 1:750–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greene, C. H. and B. C., Monger, 2012. “An Arctic Wild Card in the Weather”. Oceanography, 25(2):7–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, J. M. and P., Huybrechts, 2006. “Ice Sheet Contributions to Future Sea-Level Change”. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A, 364:1709–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grinsted, A., J. C., Moore and S., Jevrejeva, 2009. “Reconstructing Sea Level from Paleo and Projected Temperatures 200 to 2100 AD”. Climate Dynamics, 34(4):461–72.Google Scholar
Hansen, J. et al., 2005. “Earth's Energy Imbalance: Confirmation and Implications”. Science, 308:1431–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, J. and L., Nazarenko, 2004. “Soot Climate Forcing Via Snow and Ice Albedos”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101:423–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, J., M., Sato, R., Ruedy et al., 2005. “Efficacy of Climate Forcings”. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110: D18104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harper, J., N., Humphrey, W. T., Pfeffer, J., Brown and X., Fettweis, 2012. “Greenland Ice-Sheet Contribution to Sea-Level Rise Buffered by Meltwater Storage in Firn”. Nature, 491:240–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hewitson, B., A. C., Janetos, T. R., Carter, F., Giorgi, R. G., Jones, W.-T., Kwon, L. O., Mearns, E. L. F., Schipper, M. K. van, Aalst et al., 2014. “Regional Context.” In C., Field, V., Barros et al. (eds.), Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In press.Google Scholar
Holland, M. M., C. M., Bitz, B., Tremblay and D. A., Bailey, 2008. “The Role of Natural Versus Forced Change in Future Rapid Summer Arctic Ice Loss.” In E. T., DeWeaver et al. (eds.), Arctic Sea Ice Decline: Observations, Projections, Mechanisms, and Implications. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union.Google Scholar
Howat, I. M. and A., Eddy, 2011. “Multidecadal Retreat of Greenland's Marine-Terminating Glaciers”. Journal ofGlaciology, 57(203):389–96.Google Scholar
Hudson, J. M. G. and G. H. R., Henry, 2009. “Increased Plant Biomass in a High Arctic Heath Community From 1981 to 2008”. Ecology, 90:2657–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hung, H. et al., 2005. “Temporal and Spatial Variabilities of Atmospheric Poly-chlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Organochlorine (OC) Pesticides and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Canadian Arctic: Results From a Decade of Monitoring”. Science of the Total Environment, 342:119–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hung, H. et al., 2010. “Atmospheric Monitoring of Organic Pollutants in the Arctic Under the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP): 1993–2006”. Science of the Total Environment, 408:2854–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, J. M., W. J., Williams and E. C., Carmack, 2012. “Winter Sea-Ice Melt in the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean”. Geophysical Research Letters, 39: L03603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacob, T., J., Wahr, W. T., Pfeffer and S., Swenson, 2012. “Recent Contributions of Glaciers and Ice Caps to Sea Level Rise”. Nature, 482:514–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jantunen, L. M. and T. F., Bidleman, 1995. “Reversal of the Air-Water Gas Exchange Direction of Hexachlorocyclohexanes in the Bering and Chukchi Seas: 1993 Versus 1988”. Environmental Science and Technology, 29(4):1081–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joughin, I., R. B., Alley and D. M., Holland, 2012. “Ice-Sheet Response to Oceanic Forcing”. Science, 338:1172–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaufman, D. S., D. P., Schneider, N. P., McKay et al., 2009. “Recent Warming Reverses Long-Term Arctic Cooling”. Science, 325(5945):1236–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, E. N., D. W., Schindler, P. V., Hodson, J. W., Short, R., Radmanovich and C. C., Nielsen, 2010. “Oil Sands Development Contributes Elements Toxic at Low Concentrations to the Athabasca River and Its Tributaries”. Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences of the United States, 107(37):16178–83.Google Scholar
Kelly, E. N., J. W., Short, D. W., Schindler, P. V., Hodson, M., Ma, A. K., Kwan and B. L., Fortin, 2009. “Oil Sands Development Contributes Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds to the Athabasca River and Its Tributaries”. Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences of the United States, 106(52):22346–51.Google Scholar
Kinnard, C., C. M., Zdanowicz, D., Fisher et al., 2011. “Reconstructed Changes in Arctic Sea Ice Over the Past 1,450 Years”. Nature, 479:509–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirk, J.L., D., Muir, X., Wang, D., Antoniades, M., Douglas, M., Evans, T., Jackson, H., Kling, S., Lamoureux, D. S. S., Lim, R., Pienitz, J., Smol, K., Stewart and F., Yang, 2011. “Climate Change and Mercury Accumulation in Canadian High and Sub-Arctic Lakes”. Environmental Science and Technology, 45(3):964–70.Google Scholar
Kjaer, K. H., S. A., Khan, N. J., Korsgaard et al., 2012. “Aerial Photographs Reveal Late-20th Century Dynamic Ice Loss in Northwest Greenland”. Science, 337:569–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kopp, R. E., F., Simons, J., Mitrovica et al., 2009. “Probabilistic Assessment of Sea Level During the Last Interglacial Stage”. Nature, 462:863–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krupnik, I. and D., Jolly (eds.), 2002. The Earth Is Faster Now: Indigenous Observations of Arctic Environmental Change. Arctic Research Consortium of the United States. Fairbanks, Alaska.Google Scholar
Kupiainen, K. and Z., Klimont, 2007. “Primary Emissions of Fine Carbonaceous Particles in Europe”. Atmospheric Environment, 41(10):2156–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kwok, R., G. F., Cunningham, M., Wensnahan, I., Rigor, H. J., Zwally and D., Yi, 2009. “Thinning and Volume Loss of Arctic Sea Ice Cover: 2003–2008”. Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans, 114: C07005.Google Scholar
Lamon, L. et al., 2009. “Modelling the Global Levels and Distribution of Polychlor-inated Biphenyls in Air Under a Climate Change Scenario”. Environmental Science and Technology, 43:5818–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levermann, A., P. U., Clark et al., 2013. “The Multimillennial Sea-Level Commitment of Global Warming”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 10(34):13745–50.Google Scholar
Lee, S. and S., Feldstein, 2013. “Detecting Ozone and Greenhouse Gas-Driven Wind Trends With Observational Data”. Science, 339(6119):563–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Y. F. et al., 2010. “Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Global Air and Surface Soil: Distributions, Air-Soil Exchange, and Fractionation Effect”. Environmental Science and Technology, 44:2784–90.Google Scholar
Liu, J., J. A., Curry, H., Wang, M., Song and R. M., Horton, 2012. “Impact of Declining Arctic Sea Ice on Winter Snowfall”. Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences, 109:4074–79.Google Scholar
Lozier, S. M., 2010. “Deconstructing the Conveyor Belt”. Science, 328(5985):1507–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lund, D. C., J., Lynch-Stieglitz and W. B., Curry, 2006. “Gulf Stream Density Structure and Transport During the Past Millennium”. Nature, 444:601–04.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, J., H., Hung, C., Tian and R., Kallenborn, 2011. “Revolatilization of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Arctic Induced by Climate Change”. Nature Climate Change, 1:255–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, J. and Z., Cao, 2010. “Quantifying the Perturbations of Persistent Organic Pollutants Induced by Climate Change”. Environmental Science and Technology, 44:8567–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macdonald, R. W., D., Mackay and B., Hickie, 2002. “Contaminant Amplification in the Environment: Revealing the Fundamental Mechanisms”. Environmental Science and Technology, 36:456A-62A.Google Scholar
Macdonald, R. W., T., Harner and J., Fyfe, 2005. “Recent Climate Change in the Arctic and Its Impact on Contaminant Pathways and Interpretation of Temporal Trend Data”. Science of the Total Environment, 342:5–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macias-Fauria, M., B. C., Forbes, P., Zetterberg and T., Kumpula, 2012. “Eurasian Arctic Greening Reveals Teleconnections and the Potential for Structurally Novel Ecosystems”. Nature Climate Change, 2:613–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahlstein, I. and R., Knutti, 2012. “September Arctic Sea Ice to Disappear Near 2° Global Warming Above Present”. Journal ofGeophysical Research, 117:D06104.Google Scholar
Mahlstein, I., G., Hegerl and S., Solomon, 2012. “Emerging Local Warming Signals in Observational Data”. Geophysical Research Letters, 39:L21711.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manney, G. L., M. L., Santee, M., Rex., N. J., Livesey et al., 2011. “Unprecedented Arctic Ozone Loss in 2011 Echoed the Antarctic Ozone Hole”. Nature, 478:469–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maslanik, J. A., C., Fowler, J., Stroeve, S., Drobot, J., Zwally, D., Yi and W., Emery, 2007. “A Younger, Thinner Arctic Ice Cover: Increased Potential for Rapid, Extensive Sea-Ice Loss”. Geophysical Research Letters, 34:L24501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maslanik, J., J., Stroeve, C., Fowler and W., Emery, 2011. “Distribution and Trends in Arctic Sea Ice Age Through Spring 2011”. Geophysical Research Letters, 38:L13502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mastepanov, M., C., Sigsgaard, E. J., Dlugokencky et al., 2008. “Large Tundra Methane Burst During Onset of Freezing”. Nature, 456:628–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathis, J. T., 2011. “The Extent and Controls on Ocean Acidification in the Western Arctic Ocean and Adjacent Continental Shelf Seas”. In Arctic Report Card 2011. www.arctic.noaa.gov/report11.Google Scholar
Mathis, J. T., J. N., Cross and N. R., Bates, 2011. “Coupling Primary Production and Terrestrial Runoff to Ocean Acidification and Carbonate Mineral Suppression in the Eastern Bering Sea”. Journal ofGeophysical Research, 116:C02030.Google Scholar
Mathis, J. T., J. N., Cross, N. R., Bates, M. L., Lomas, S. B., Moran, C. W., Mordy and P., Stabeno, 2010. “Seasonal Distribution of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon and Net Community Production on the Bering Sea Shelf”. Biogeosciences, 7:1769–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mcguire, D., L., Anderson, T. R., Christensen et al., 2009. “Sensitivity of the Carbon Cycle in the Arctic to Climate Change”. Ecological Monographs, 79(4):523–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, T. and F., Wania, 2008. “Organic Contaminant Amplification During Snowmelt”. Water Research, 42:1847–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, T., Y. D., Lei, I., Muradi and F., Wania, 2009. “Organic Contaminant Release From Melting Snow. 1. Influence of Chemical Partitioning”. Environmental Science and Technology, 43:657–62.Google Scholar
Milne, G. A., W. R., Gehrels, C. W., Hughes and M., Tamisiea, 2009. “Identifying the Causes of Sea-Level Change”. Nature Geoscience, 2:471–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitrovica, J. X., N., Gomez and P., Clark, 2009. “The Sea-Level Fingerprint of West Antarctic Collapse”. Science, 323(5915):753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monastersky, R., 2013. “Global Carbon Dioxide Levels Near Worrisome Milestone”. Nature, 497:13–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers-Smith, I. H., B. C., Forbes, M., Wilmking et al., 2011. “Shrub Expansion in Tundra Ecosystems: Dynamics, Impacts and Research Priorities”. Environmental Research Letters, 6:045509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers-Smith, I. H., D. S., Hik, C., Kennedy, D., Cooley, J. F., Johnstone, A. J., Kennedy and C. J., Krebs, 2011. “Expansion of Canopy-Forming Willows Over the Twentieth Century on Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada”. Ambio, 40:610–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council of the National Academies, 2010. America s Climate Choices: Panel on Advancing the Science of Climate Change, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Division on Earth and Life Studies. The National Academies Press. Washington, DC.
Nghiem, S. V., D. K., Hall, T. L., Mote, M., Tedesco, M. R., Albert, K., Keegan, C. A., Shuman, N. E., DiGirolamo and G., Neumann, 2012. “The Extreme Melt Across the Greenland Ice Sheet in 2012”. Geophysical Research Letters, 39:L20502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nizzetto, L. et al., 2010. “Atlantic Ocean Surface Waters Buffer Declining Atmospheric Concentrations of Persistent Organic Pollutants”. Environmental Science and Technology, 44:6978–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orr, J. C. et al., 2005. “Anthropogenic Ocean Acidification Over the Twenty-First Century and Its Impact on Calcifying Organisms”. Nature, 437:681–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Overland, J. E., 2011. “Potential Arctic Change Through Climate Amplification Processes”. Oceanography, 24(3):176–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Overland, J., J., Key, B.-M., Kim, S.-J., Kim, Y., Liu, J., Walsh, M., Wang and U., Bhatt, 2012. “Air Temperature, Atmospheric Circulation and Clouds”. In Arctic Report Card 2012. www.arctic.noaa.gov/report12.Google Scholar
Overland, J. E., K. R., Wood and M., Wang, 2011. “Warm Arctic-Cold Continents: Impacts of the Newly Open Arctic Sea”. Polar Research, 30:15787.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Overland, J. E. and M., Wang, 2010. “Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation Changes Are Associated With the Recent Loss of Arctic Sea Ice”. Tellus, 62A:1–9.Google Scholar
Overland, J. E. and M., Wang, 2013. “When Will the Summer Arctic Be Nearly Ice Free?”Geophysical Research Letters, 40:2097–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Overland, J. E., M., Wang and S., Salo, 2008. “The Recent Arctic Warm Period”. Tellus, 60A:589–97.Google Scholar
Perovich, D. K., J. A., Richter-Menge, K. F., Jones and B., Light, 2008. “Sunlight, Water, and Ice: Extreme Arctic Sea Ice Melt During the Summer of 2007”. Geophysical Research Letters, 35:L11501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perovich., D., W., Meier, M., Tschudi, S., Gerland and J., Richter-Menge, 2012. “Sea Ice”. In Arctic Report Card 2012. www.arctic.noaa.gov/report12.Google Scholar
Rahmstorf, S., 2006. “Thermohaline Ocean Circulation”. In S. A., Elias (ed.), Encyclopedia of Quaternary Sciences. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Rahmstorf, S., 2007. “A Semi-Empirical Approach to Projecting Future Sea-Level Rise. 2007”. Science, 315:368–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rahmstorf, S., G., Foster and A., Cazenave, 2012. “Comparing Climate Projections to Observations Up to 2011”. Environmental Research Letters, 7:044035.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raynolds, M. K., D. A., Walker, H. E., Epstein, J. E., Pinzon and C. J., Tucker, 2012. “A New Estimate of Tundra-Biome Phytomass From Trans-Arctic Field Data and AVHRR NDVI”. Remote Sensing Letters, 3:403–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Regehr, E. V., C. M., Hunter, H., Caswell, S. C., Amstrup and I., Stirling, 2010. “Survival and Breeding of Polar Bears in the Southern Beaufort Sea in Relation to Sea Ice”. Journal of Animal Ecology, 79:117–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Regehr, E. V., N. J., Lunn, S. C., Amstrup and I., Stirling, 2007. “Effects of Earlier Sea Ice Breakup on Survival and Population Size of Polar Bears in Western Hudson Bay”. Journal of Wildlife Management, 71:2673–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reid, D. G., R. A., Ims, N. M., Schmidt, G., Gauthier and D., Ehrich, 2012. “Lemmings”. In Arctic Report Card 2012. www.arctic.noaa.gov/report12.Google Scholar
Rignot, E., I., Velicogna, M. R. van den, Broeke, A., Monaghan and J., Lenaerts, 2011. “Acceleration of the Contribution of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets to Sea Level Rise”. Geophysical Research Letters, 38(5). doi:10.1029/2011GL046583.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, A., R., Calov and A., Ganopolski, 2012. “Multistability and Critical Thresholds of the Greenland Ice Sheet”. Nature Climate Change, 2:429–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romanovsky, V., N., Oberman, D., Drozdov, G., Malkova, A., Kholodov and S., Marchenko, 2011. “Permafrost.” In “State of the Climate in 2010”. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 92(6):S152–53.Google Scholar
Rooney, R. C., S. E., Bayley and D. W., Schindler, 2012. “Oil Sands Mining and Reclamation Cause Massive Loss of Peatland and Stored Carbon”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, 109(13):4933–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruppel, C. D., 2011. “Methane Hydrates and Contemporary Climate Change”. Nature Education Knowledge, 3(10):29.Google Scholar
Russell, D. and A., Gunn, 2012. “Caribou and Reindeer”. In Arctic Report Card 2012. www.arctic.noaa.gov/report12.Google Scholar
Sallenger, A. H., K. S., Doran and P. A., Howd, 2012. “Hotspot of Accelerated Sea-Level Rise on the Atlantic Coast of North America”. Nature Climate Change, 2:884–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sambrotto, R. N., C., Mordy, S. I, Zeeman, P. J., Stabeno and S. A., Macklin, 2008. “Physical Forcing and Nutrient Conditions Associated With Patterns of Chl a and Phytoplankton Productivity in the Southeastern Bering Sea During Summer”. Deep Sea Research, 11(55)(16–17):1745–60.Google Scholar
Scambos, T. A., C., Hulbe, M., Fahnestock and J., Bohlander, 2000. “The Link Between Climate Warming and Break-Up of Ice Shelves in the Antarctic Peninsula”. Journal of Glaciology, 46(154):516–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scambos, T. A., J., Bohlander, C., Shuman and P., Skvarca, 2004. “Glacier Acceleration and Thinning After Ice Shelf Collapse in the Larsen B Embayment, Antarctica”. Geophysical Research Letters, 31(18). doi:10.1029/2004GL020670CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaeffer, M., W., Hare, S., Rahmstorf and M., Vermeer, 2012. “Long-Term Sea-Level Rise Implied by 1.5 °C and 2 °C Warming Levels”. Nature Climate Change, 2:867–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schweiger, A. J., R. W., Lindsay, S., Vavrus and J. A., Francis, 2008. “Relationships Between Arctic Sea Ice and Clouds During Autumn”. Journal of Climate, 21:4799–810.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Screen, J. A. and I., Simmonds, 2010. “The Central Role of Diminishing Sea Ice in Recent Arctic Temperature Amplification”. Nature, 464:1334–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Screen, J. A. and I., Simmonds, 2010. “Increasing Fall-Winter Energy Loss From the Arctic Ocean and Its Role in Arctic Temperature Amplification”. Geophysical Research Letters, 37:L16707.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SedláČek, J., O., Martius and R., Knutti, 2011. “Influence of Subtropical and Polar Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies on Temperatures in Eurasia”. Geophysical Research Letters, 38(12):L12803.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serreze, M. C., A. P., Barrett, J. C., Stroeve, D. N., Kindig and M. M., Holland, 2009. “The Emergence of Surface-Based Arctic Amplification”. The Cryosphere, 3:11–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serreze, M. and R., Barry, 2011. “Processes and Impacts of Arctic Amplification”. Global and Planetary Change, 77:85–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shakhova, N. et al., 2010. “Extensive Methane Venting to the Atmosphere From Sediments of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf”. Science, 327:1246–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharp, M., D. O., Burgess, J. G., Cogley, M., Ecclestone, C., Labine and G. J., Wolken, 2011. “Extreme Melt on Canada's Arctic Ice Caps in the 21st Century”. Geophysical Research Letters, 38:L11501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharp, M. and G., Wolken, 2012. “Glaciers and Ice Caps (Outside Greenland)”. In “State of the Climate in 2011”. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 93(7):133–4.Google Scholar
Sharp, M. and G., Wolken, 2011. “Glaciers and Ice Caps (Outside Greenland)”. In Arctic Report Card 2011. www.arctic.noaa.gov/report11.Google Scholar
Sheng, J., X., Wang, P., Gong, D., Joswiak, L., Tian, T., Yao and K., Jones, 2013. “Monsoon-Driven Transport of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls to the Tibetan Plateau: Three Year Atmospheric Monitoring Study”. Environmental Science and Technology, 47(7):3199–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shepherd, A., E. R., Ivins et al., 2012. “A Reconciled Estimate of Ice-Sheet Mass Balance”. Science, 338(6111):1183–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singarayer, J. S., J. L., Bamber and P. J., Valdes, 2006. “Twenty-First Century Climate Impacts From a Declining Arctic Sea Ice Cover”. Journal of Climate, 19:1109–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skinner, L., 2012. “A Long View on Climate Sensitivity”. Science, 337:917–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. L., J., Throop and A. G., Lewkowicz, 2012. “Recent Changes in Climate and Permafrost Temperatures at Forested and Polar Desert Sites in Northern Canada”. Canadian Journal ofEarth Sciences, 49:914–24.Google Scholar
Spielhagen, R. F. et al., 2011. “Enhanced Modern Heat Transfer to the Arctic by Warm Atlantic Water”. Science, 331:450–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steinacher, M., F., Joos, T. L., Frolicher, G.-K., Plattner and S. C., Doney, 2009. “Imminent Ocean Acidification in the Arctic Projected With the NCAR Global Coupled Climate Carbon Cycle Climate Model”. Biogeosciences, 6:515–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stern, G. A., R. W., Macdonald, P. M., Outridge, S., Wilson et al., 2012. “How Does Climate Change Influence Arctic Mercury?”Science of the Total Environment, 414:22–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strahan, S. E., A. R., Douglass and P. A., Newman, 2013. “The Contributions of Chemistry and Transport to Low Arctic Ozone in March 2011 Derived From Aura MLS Observations”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118(3):1563–76.Google Scholar
Strauss, B., 2013. “Rapid Accumulation of Committed Sea-Level Rise From Global Warming”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(34):13699–700.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stroeve, J. C., M. C., Serreze, M. M., Holland, J. E., Kay, J., Maslanik and A. P., Barrett, 2012. “The Arctic's Rapidly Shrinking Sea Ice Cover: A Research Synthesis”. Climatic Change. doi:10.1007/s10584–011–0101–1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stroeve, J., M. M., Holland, W., Meier, T., Scambos and M., Serreze, 2007. “Arctic Sea Ice Decline: Faster Than Forecast”. Geophysical Research Letters, 34:L09501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Su, Y. et al., 2006. “Spatial and Seasonal Variations of Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the Arctic Atmosphere”. Environmental Science and Technology, 40:6601–07.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tamisiea, M. E. and J. X., Mitrovica, 2011. “The Moving Boundaries of Sea Level Change: Understanding the Origins of Geographic Variability”. Oceanography, 24(2):24–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Timmermans, M.-L., A., Proshutinsky, I., Ashik, A., Beszczynska-Moeller, E., Carmack et al., 2012. “Ocean”. In Arctic Report Card 2012. www.arctic.noaa.gov/report12.
Tingley, M. P. and P., Huybers, 2013. “Recent Temperature Extremes at High Northern Latitudes Unprecedented in the Past 600 Years”. Nature, 496:201–05.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
UNEP, 2011. Integrated Assessment of Black Carbon and Tropospheric Ozone: Summary for Decision Makers. UNEP/GC/26/INF/20. United Nations Environment Programme. Nairobi, Kenya.
UNEP, 2011. Near-Term Climate Protection and Clean Air Benefits: Actions for Controlling Short-Lived Climate Forcers. A UNEP Synthesis Report. United Nations Environment Programme. Nairobi, Kenya. www.unep.org pdf/Near_Term_Climate_Protection_&_Air_Benefits.pdf.
UNEP/AMAP, 2011. Climate Change and POPs: Predicting the Impacts. Report of the UNEP/AMAP Expert Group. Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention. Geneva, Switzerland.
Vaks, A., O. S., Gutareva, S. F. M., Breitenbach, E., Avirmed, A. J., Mason, A. L., Thomas, A. V., Osinzev, A. M., Kononov and G. M., Henderson, 2013. “Spe-leothems Reveal 500,000-Year History of Siberian Permafrost”. Science, 340(6129):183–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Velders, G. J. M., A. R., Ravishankara, M. K., Miller, M. J., Molina et al., 2012. “Preserving Montreal Protocol Climate Benefits by Limiting HFCs”. Science, 335:922–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vongraven, D. and E., Richardson, 2011. “Biodiversity – Status and Trends of Polar Bears”. In Arctic Report Card 2011. www.arctic.noaa.gov/report11.
Wang, M. and J. E., Overland, 2009. “A Sea Ice Free Summer Arctic Within 30 Years?”Geophysical Research Letters, 36:L07502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waugh, D., F., Primeau, T., Devries and M., Holzer, 2013. “Recent Changes in the Ventilation of the Southern Oceans”.Science, 339(6119):568–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weaver, A. J. and C., Hillaire-Marcel, 2004. “Global Warming and the Next Ice Age”. Science, 304:400–02.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whiteman, G., C., Hope and P., Wadhams, 2013. “Vast Costs of Arctic Change”. Nature, 499:401–03.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wong, F. et al., 2011. “Air-Water Exchange of Anthropogenic and Natural Orga-nohalogens on International Polar Year (IPY) Expeditions in the Canadian Arctic”. Environmental Science and Technology, 45:876–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodgate, R. A., T. J., Weingartner and R., Lindsay, 2012. “Observed Increases in Bering Strait Oceanic Fluxes From the Pacific to the Arctic From 2001 to 2011 and Their Impacts on the Arctic Ocean Water Column”. Geophysical Research Letters, 39(24):24603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodgate, R. A., T. J., Weingartner and R. W., Lindsay, 2010. “The 2007 Bering Strait Oceanic Heat Flux and Anomalous Arctic Sea-Ice Retreat”. Geophysical Research Letters, 37:L01602.Google Scholar
World Glacier Monitoring Service, 2012. Preliminary Glacier Mass Balance Data 2009 and 2010. www.geo.uzh.ch/microsite/wgms/mbb/sum10.html.
Yamamoto-Kawai, M., F. A., McLaughlin, E. C., Carmack, S., Nishino and K., Shimada, 2009. “Aragonite Undersaturation in the Arctic Ocean: Effects of Ocean Acidification and Sea Ice Melt”. Science, 326:1098–1100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamamoto-Kawai, M., W., Williams, S., Nishino and F., McLaughlin, 2011. “Ocean Biogeophysical Conditions”. In Arctic Report Card 2011. www.arctic.noaa.gov/report11.
Young, O. R., J., Deog Kim and Y., Hyung Kim (eds.), 2012. The Arctic in World Affairs: A North Pacific Dialogue on Arctic Marine Issues. Korea Maritime Institute. Seoul and East-West Center, Honolulu.Google Scholar
Zeng, H., G., Jia and H., Epstein, 2011. “Recent Changes in Phenology Over the Northern High Latitudes Detected From Multi-Satellite Data”. Environmental Research Letters, 6:045508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
The Arctic Council Kiruna Declaration, 2013. Arctic Council Secretariat. Tromso, Norway. www.arctic-council.org.
The Arctic Council's Vision of the Arctic, 2013. Arctic Council Secretariat. Tromso, Norway. www.arctic-council.org.
Aksnes, D. W. and D. O., Hessen, 2009. “The Structure and Development of Polar Research (1981–2007): A Publication-Based Approach”. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research, 41(2):155–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canada's Arctic Foreign Policy. Ottawa. (version as dated: 2013–06–03) www.inter-national.gc.ca.
Communication From the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council: European Commission, 2013. European Union Strategy for the Arctic. http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-13–329_en.htm.
The European Union and the Arctic Region, 2008. Commission of the European Communities. Brussels, Belgium.
Krupnik, I. and D, Jolly (eds.), 2002. The Earth Is Faster Now: Indigenous Observations of Arctic Environmental Change. Arctic Research Consortium of the United States. Fairbanks, Alaska.Google Scholar
National Committee on Inuit Education, 2011. First Canadians, Canadians First. Available from Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, 75 Albert St., Suite 1101, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Diamond, J. A., 2005. Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. New York: Penguin.Google Scholar
GEA 2012: Global Energy Assessment – Toward a Sustainable Future. Cambridge, UK, and New York and the International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria: Cambridge University Press.
Adly, J. E. and R. N., Stavins, 2012. “Climate Negotiators Create an Opportunity for Scholars”. Science, 337:1043–44.Google Scholar
Allen, M. R. and D., Frame, 2007. “Call Off the Quest”. Science, 318:582–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, M. R. and D., Frame et al., 2009. “The Exit Strategy”. Nature Reports Climate Change, 3:56–57.Google Scholar
Allen, M. R. and D., Frame et al., 2009. “Warming Caused by Cumulative Carbon Emissions Towards the Trillionth Tonne”. Nature, 458:1163–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diringe, E., 2013. “A Patchwork of Emissions Cuts”. Nature, 501:307–09.Google Scholar
Guardans, R., 2012. “Perspective: A Note on the Advantages of Large-Scale Monitoring as in the Global Monitoring Plan (GMP) on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)”. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 3:369–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grifo, F., M., Halpern and P., Hansel (contributors), 2012. Heads They Win. Tails We Lose. Union of Concerned Scientists. Cambridge, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Kelly, E. N., D. W., Schindler, P. V., Hodson, J. W., Short, R., Radmanovich and C. C., Nielsen, 2010. “Oil Sands Development Contributes Elements Toxic at Low Concentrations to the Athabasca River and Its Tributaries”. Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences of the United States, 107(37):16178–83.Google Scholar
Kelly, E. N., J. W., Short, D. W., Schindler, P. V., Hodson, M., Ma, A. K., Kwan and B. L., Fortin, 2009. “Oil Sands Development Contributes Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds to the Athabasca River and Its Tributaries”. Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences of the United States, 106(52):22346–351.Google Scholar
Krupnik, I. and D., Jolly (eds.), 2002. The Earth Is Faster Now: Indigenous Observations of Arctic Environmental Change. Arctic Research Consortium of the United States. Fairbanks, Alaska.Google Scholar
Laube, J. C., M. J., Newland and C., Hogan et al., 2014. “Newly Detected Ozone-Depleting Substances in the Atmosphere”. Nature Geoscience, 7:266–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monastersky, R., 2013. “Global Carbon Dioxide Levels Near Worrisome Milestone”. Nature, 497:13–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Overland, J. E., M., Wang, J. E., Walsh and J. C., Stroeve, 2014. “Future Arctic Climate Changes: Adaptation and Mitigation Time Scales”. Earth s Future, 2(2):68–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sabin, P., 2013. The Bet: Paul Ehrlich, Julian Simon, and Our Gamble Over the Earth's Future. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Shulman, S. (lead investigator), 2007. Smoke, Mirrors and Hot Air. Union of Concerned Scientists. Cambridge, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Turco, R. P., O. B., Toon, T. P., Ackerman, J. B., Pollack and C., Sagan, 1983. “Nuclear Winter: Global Consequences of Multiple Nuclear Explosions”. Science, 222 (4630):1283–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
UNEP, 2006. Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management: Comprisingthe Dubai Declaration on International Chemicals Management, the Overarching Policy Strategy and the Global Plan of Action. Resolutions of the International Conference on Chemicals Management. United Nations Environment Programme. Geneva, Switzerland.
Weaver, A., 2008. Keeping Our Cool: Canada in a Warming World. Toronto: Viking Canada.Google Scholar
Wright, R., 2001. Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Bibliography
  • David P. Stone
  • Book: The Changing Arctic Environment
  • Online publication: 05 February 2015
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316146705.019
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Bibliography
  • David P. Stone
  • Book: The Changing Arctic Environment
  • Online publication: 05 February 2015
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316146705.019
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Bibliography
  • David P. Stone
  • Book: The Changing Arctic Environment
  • Online publication: 05 February 2015
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316146705.019
Available formats
×