To think about Jesuit theology in terms of a distinctive “school” means to grapple with fundamental issues in the history of early modern theology and in the development of modern Western thought more generally. On the one hand, the world of post-Reformation theologians was assuming an increasingly globalized, plural, and multi-faceted dimension, and the Society of Jesus was theologically, intellectually, and structurally better equipped than other religious orders to engage with the manifold challenges of this rapidly widening context. On the other hand, the Society made a sustained effort to keep this multiplicity solidly tied around a specific theological, and not just institutional or cultural, unity. The fact that the Society was distinctively subject to, and thrived on, this tension between centripetal and centrifugal forces is at the core of the Jesuits’ theological identity, which is itself characterized by a complex and intellectually vibrant tension between unity and multiplicity.