Edigü and the final disintegration of the Golden Horde

Challenges from Chinggisid rivals to the Manghït amir Edigü following the death of Toqtamïsh around 1406, led to the final disintegration of Chinggisid political unity in the western steppe. Henceforth political power would be centred in specific regions (yurts) that would become the foundations of Chinggisid successor states of the Golden Horde. These states emerged primarily in the first half of the fifteenth century. While their dates of existence varied, ultimately most met similar fates of either disintegration or annexation to powerful neighbours such as Muscovy and the Qazaq Khanate. These successor states include the Noghay, or Manghït, Horde, the Great Horde, the Crimean and Siberian khanates, and the khanates of Kazan, Astrakhan and Kasimov.

Following a period of political chaos and confusion in the first decades of the fifteenth century, Temür's defeat of Toqtamïsh in 1395 resulted in several decades of turmoil in the Ulus of Jochi that ended in the final disintegration of the Golden Horde and the establishment of a number of successor states in the western Dasht-i Qipchāq. The first two decades of the fifteenth century were characterized above all by the ongoing conflict between Toqtamïsh and his son Jalāl ad-Dīn on the one hand, and the Manghït amir Edigü and his Chinggisid allies and puppets on the other.