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9 - Shakespeare’s Language and the Rhetoric of War

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 August 2021

David Loewenstein
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University, University Park
Paul Stevens
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
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Summary

Given the challenges war posed for direct physical representation on the Elizabethan stage, much of Shakespeare’s mimetic success depends on his techniques of linguistic construction, especially of narrated war scenes and dialogic encounters. For narrated scenes, Shakespeare follows Marlowe in translating the “high-astounding terms” of the classical grand style to the Elizabethan stage, a choice with ideological implications explored in the chapter. Shakespeare often favors the prospective narration of imagined war scenes, turning potentially static description into the terrorizing speech acts of Henry V and other leaders. In dialogic encounters, Shakespeare develops the dynamics of verbal quarrels and of diplomacy as themselves central events of war. Plays like King John parse war as dysfunctional communication and explore what meager possibilities verbal diplomacy affords for remediation. The chapter assesses contradictions inherent in a rhetorical culture that idealizes eloquence as peacemaking and yet makes eloquence the default language for violent militarism.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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References

Further Reading

Adamson, Sylvia.The Grand Style,” in Lynette Hunter, Adamson, Magnusson, Lynne, Thompson, Ann, and Wales, Katie (eds.), Reading Shakespeare’s Dramatic Language: A Guide, London, Arden Shakespeare, 2001, pp. 3150.Google Scholar
Adamson, Sylvia.Literary Language,” in Lass, Roger (ed.), The Cambridge History of the English Language, Vol. 3, 1476–1776, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999, pp. 539653.Google Scholar
Erasmus, Desiderius. A Complaint of Peace Spurned and Rejected by the Whole World, ed. Levi, A. H. T., trans. Radice, Betty, vol. xxvii of The Collected Works of Erasmus, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1986, pp. 292322.Google Scholar
Gentili, Alberico. De Iure Belli Libri Tres (Three Books on the Law of War) (1612 ed.), trans. Rolfe, John C., 2 vols., Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1933.Google Scholar
Gentili, Alberico. De Legationibus Libri Tres (Three Books on Embassies) (1585), ed. Nys, Ernest, 2 vols., New York, Oxford University Press, 1924.Google Scholar
Hampton, Timothy. “The Slumber of War: Diplomacy, Tragedy, and the Aesthetics of the Truce in Early Modern Europe,” in de Carles, Nathalie Rivere (ed.), Early Modern Diplomacy, Theatre and Soft Power: The Making of Peace, London, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, pp. 2745.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jorgenson, Paul A. Shakespeare’s Military World, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1956.Google Scholar
Mattingly, Garrett. Renaissance Diplomacy, London, Jonathan Cape, 1963.Google Scholar
Quabeck, Franziska. Just and Unjust Wars in Shakespeare, Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rebhorn, Wayne A. The Emperor of Men’s Minds: Literature and the Renaissance Discourse of Rhetoric, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Somogyi, Nick de. Shakespeare’s Theatre of War, Aldershot, Ashgate, 1998.Google Scholar

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