Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-dfsvx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T01:03:55.750Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part IV - Main Tenets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 January 2021

Edited by
Torben Spaak  and
Patricia Mindus
Torben Spaak
Affiliation:
Stockholms Universitet
Patricia Mindus
Affiliation:
Uppsala Universitet, Sweden
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Companion to Legal Positivism , pp. 395 - 558
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Bertea, S. 2019. A Theory of Legal Obligation. Cambridge University Press: 74–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bix, B. 2005. ‘Legal Positivism’. In Golding, M. and Edmundson, W. (eds.). The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory. Blackwell: 29–49.Google Scholar
Bratman, M. 2002. ‘Shapiro on Legal Positivism and Jointly Intentional Activity’. Legal Theory 8(4): 511–17.Google Scholar
Coleman, J. 2001a. ‘Incorporationism, Conventionality, and the Practical Difference Thesis’. In Coleman, J.. Hart’s Postscript. Oxford University Press: 99–147.Google Scholar
Coleman, J. 2001b. The Practice of Principle. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Coleman, J. and Leiter, B. 1996. ‘Legal Positivism’. In Patterson, D. (ed.). A Companion to the Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory. Blackwell: 241–60.Google Scholar
Den Hartog, G. 2002. Mutual Expectations. Kluwer.Google Scholar
Gardner, J. 2001. ‘Legal Positivism: 5½ Myths’. American Journal of Jurisprudence 46: 199–227.Google Scholar
Green, L. 1983. ‘Law, Co-ordination and the Common Good’. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 3: 299–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, L. 1985. ‘Authority and Convention’. Philosophical Quarterly 35: 329–46.Google Scholar
Green, L. 1988. The Authority of the State. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Green, L. 1999 ‘Positivism and Conventionalism’. Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 12: 35–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, L. 2018. ‘Legal Positivism’. In Zalta, E. N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2018/entries/legal-positivism/.Google Scholar
Hart, H. L. A. [1961]1994. The Concept of Law. 2nd ed. With a Postscript. Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Hershovitz, S. 2015. ‘The End of Jurisprudence’. The Yale law Journal 124(4): 1160–1204.Google Scholar
Himma, K. E. 2004. ‘Inclusive legal Positivism’. In Coleman, J. and Shapiro, S. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Jurisprudence and Philosophy of Law. Oxford University Press: 126–65.Google Scholar
Kelsen, H. 1934. ‘The Pure Theory of Law’. The Law Quarterly Review 50: 474–98.Google Scholar
Kelsen, H. 1945. General Theory of Law and State. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Kelsen, H. 1967. Pure Theory of Law. University of California Press.Google Scholar
Kutz, C. 2001. ‘The Judicial Community’. Philosophical Issues 11: 442–69.Google Scholar
Lagerspetz, E. 1995. The Opposite Mirror. Kluwer.Google Scholar
Marmor, A. 2001. Positive Law and Objective Values. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Marmor, A. 2006. ‘How Law Is Like Chess’. Legal Theory 12: 347–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marmor, A. 2007. ‘Deep Conventions’. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 74: 586–610.Google Scholar
Marmor, A. 2009. Social Conventions: From Language to Law. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Marmor, A. 2011. Philosophy of Law. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Perry, S. 2009. ‘Beyond the Distinction between Positivism and Non-positivism’. Ratio Juris 22: 311–25.Google Scholar
Postema, G. 1982. ‘Coordination and Convention at the Foundations of Law’. Journal of Legal Studies 11: 165–203.)Google Scholar
Postema, G. 1987. ‘The Normativity of Law’. In Gavison, R. (ed.). Issues in Contemporary Legal Philosophy. Oxford University Press: 81–104.Google Scholar
Raz, J. 1979. The Authority of Law: Essays on Law and Morality. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Raz, J. 1986. The Morality of Freedom. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Raz, J. 1994. Ethics in the Public Domain: Essays in the Morality of Law and Politics. Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Raz, J. 1999. Engaging Reason. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Raz, J. 2009. Between Authority and Interpretation. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sanchez Brigido, R. 2009. ‘Collective Intentional Activities and the Law’. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 29: 309–24.Google Scholar
Shapiro, S. 2002. ‘Law, Plans, and Practical Reason’, Legal Theory 8: 387–441.Google Scholar
Shapiro, S. 2011. Legality. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Spaak, T. 2018. ‘Legal Positivism, Conventionalism, and the Normativity of Law’. Jurisprudence 9: 1–26.Google Scholar

References

Audi, P. 2012. ‘Grounding: Towards a Theory of the In-Virtue-Of Relation’. Journal of Philosophy CIX 12: 685–711.Google Scholar
Levenbook, B. 2013. ‘How to Hold the Social Fact Thesis: A Reply to Greenberg and Toh’. In Green, L. and Leiter, B. (eds.). Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Law vol. 2. Oxford University Press: 75–103.Google Scholar
Burazin, L. 2018. ‘Legal Systems as Abstract Institutional Artifacts’. In Burazin, L., Himma, K. E. and Roversi, C. (eds.). Law as an Artifact. Oxford University Press: 112–35.Google Scholar
Chilovi, C. and Pavlakos, G. 2019. ‘Law-Determination as Grounding: A Common Grounding Framework for Jurisprudence’. Legal Theory 25: 53–76.Google Scholar
Coleman, J. 2001. The Practice of Principles. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Correira, F. and Schnieder, B. 2012. ‘Grounding: An Opinionated Introduction’. In Correira, F. and Schnieder, B. (eds.). Metaphysical Grounding: Understanding the Structure of Reality. Cambridge University Press: 2–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dyrda, A. 2015. ‘Are Fundamental Legal Reasons Internal? A Few Remarks on the Hartian Idea of Internal Point of View’. In Araszkiewicz, M., Banas, P., Gizbert-Studnicki, T. and Pleszka, K. (eds.). Problems of Normativity, Rules and Rule-Following. Springer: 229–42.Google Scholar
Enoch, D. 2011a. Taking Morality Seriously: A Defence of Robust Realism. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Enoch, D. 2011b. ‘Reason Giving and the Law’. In Green, L. and Leiter, B. (eds.). Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Law vol. I. Oxford University Press: 1–38.Google Scholar
Finley, S. 2010. ‘Recent Work on Normativity’. Analysis 70 (2): 331–46.Google Scholar
Gardner, J. 2001. ‘Legal Positivism: 5½ Myths’. The American Journal of Jurisprudence 46: 199–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gizbert-Studnicki, T. 2016. ‘The Social Sources Thesis, Metaphysics and Metaphilosophy’. In Banas, P., Dyrda, A. and Gizbert-Studnicki, T. (eds.). Metaphilosophy of Law. Hart: 121–46.Google Scholar
Gizbert-Studnicki, T. 2017. Legal Theory’s Claim to Necessity. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3050442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gkouvas, T. 2016. ‘Legal Truth without Legal Fact: A Metaontological Argument’. In de Paula, A. F. L., Santacoloma, A. S. and Rosas, G. F. (eds.). Truth and Objectivity in Law and Morals II. ARSP Beiheft, Band 151: 25–48.Google Scholar
Green, M. S. 2020. ‘The Semantic Thesis in Legal Positivism’. In Mindus, P. and Spaak, T. (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Legal Positivism. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Greenberg, M. 2004. ‘How Facts Make Law’. Legal Theory 10: 157–98.Google Scholar
Greenberg, M. 2006. ‘Hartian Positivism and Normative Facts: How Facts Make Law II’. In Hershovitz, S. (ed.). Exploring Law’s Empire: The Jurisprudence of Ronald Dworkin. Oxford University Press: 265–90.Google Scholar
Hale, B. 2019. ‘Realism/Philosophy’. Encyclopedia Britannica. www.britannica.com/topic/realism-philosophy.Google Scholar
Hart, H. L. A. 2012. The Concept of Law. 3rd ed. Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Hart, H. L. A. [1979]2016. ‘The New Challenge to Legal Positivism’. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 36: 459–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hume, D. 1960. A Treatise on Human Nature. Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Kim, J. 1993. ‘Postscripts on Supervenience’. In Kim, J.. Supervenience and Mind: Selected Philosophical Essays. Cambridge University Press: 161–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kramer, M. 2018. Hart and the Metaphysics and Semantics of Legal Normativity. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3116861.Google Scholar
Marmor, A. 2011. Philosophy of Law. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Marmor, A. 2013. ‘Farewell to Conceptual Analysis’. In Waluchow, W. and Sciaraffa, S. (eds.). Philosophical Foundations of the Nature of Law. Oxford University Press: 209–29.Google Scholar
McLaughlin, B. and Bennett, K. 2018. ‘Supervenience’. In Zalta, E. N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2018/entries/supervenience/.Google Scholar
Pavlakos, G. 2017. ‘The Metaphysics of Law: From Supervenience to Rational Justification’. In Brozek, B., Rotolo, A. and Stelmach, J. (eds.). Supervenience and Normativity. Springer: 139–60.Google Scholar
Plunkett, D. 2012. ‘A Positivistic Route for Explaining How Facts Make Law’. Legal Theory 18: 139–207.Google Scholar
Postema, G. 1982. ‘Coordination and Convention at the Foundations of Law’. Journal of Legal Studies XI: 165–203.Google Scholar
Raz, J. 1979. The Authority of Law. Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Rosen, G. 2010. ‘Metaphysical Dependence: Grounding and Reduction’. In Hale, B. and Hoffman, A. (eds.). Modality: Metaphysics, Logic and Epistemology. Oxford University Press: 109–35.Google Scholar
Searle, J. 2006. ‘Social Ontology: Some Basic Principles’. Anthropological Theory 6(1): 12–29.Google Scholar
Schaffer, J. 2012. ‘Grounding, Transitivity, and Contrastivity’. In Correira, F. and Schnieder, B. (eds.). Metaphysical Grounding: Understanding the Structure of Reality. Cambridge University Press: 122–38.Google Scholar
Shapiro, S. 2011. Legality. Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schauer, F. 2017. Deconstructing Law’s Normativity. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3080437.Google Scholar
Spaak, T. 2005. ‘Kelsen and Hart on the Normativity of Law’. In Wahlgren, P. and Zamboni, M. (eds.). Perspectives on Jurisprudence: Essays in Honour of Jes Bjarup. Stockholm Institute for Scandinavian Law: 397–414.Google Scholar
Spaak, T. 2018. ‘Legal Positivism, Conventionalism and the Normativity of Law’. Jurisprudence 9(2): 319–44.Google Scholar
Tahko, T. and Lowe, E. J. 2016. ‘Ontological Dependence’. In Zalta, E. N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2016/entries/dependence-ontological/.Google Scholar
Toh, K. 2008. ‘An Argument against the Social Fact Thesis (and Some Additional Preliminary Steps Towards a New Conception of Legal Positivism’. Law and Philosophy 27: 445–504.Google Scholar
Toh, K. 2014. ‘Four Neglected Prescriptions of Hartian Legal Philosophy’. Law and Philosophy 33: 689–724.Google Scholar
Trogdon, K. 2013. ‘An Introduction to Grounding’. In Hoeltje, M., Schnieder, M. and Steinberg, A. (eds.). Varieties of Dependence: Ontological Dependence, Grounding, Supervenience, Response-Dependence (Basic Philosophical Concepts). Philosophia Verlag: 97–122.Google Scholar
Vayrynen, P. 2013. ‘Grounding and Normative Explanation’. Proceedings of Aristotelian Society (Supplementary Volume) 87: 155–78.Google Scholar

References

Austin, J. [1832]1998. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined and The Uses of the Study of Jurisprudence. Introduction by Hart, H. L. A.. Hackett.Google Scholar
Bentham, J. [1776]1988. A Fragment on Government: The New Authoritative Edition by J.H. Burns and H.L.A. Hart. With an Introduction by Ross Harrison. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Coleman, J. L. 2001. The Practice of Principle. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Coleman, J. L. 2009. ‘Beyond Inclusive Legal Positivism’. Ratio Juris 22: 359–94.Google Scholar
Dworkin, R. [1967]1978. ‘The Model of Rules I’. In Dworkin, R.. Taking Rights Seriously. 2nd ed. Duckworth: 14–45.Google Scholar
Dworkin, R. 1986. Law’s Empire. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Dworkin, R. 2001–2. ‘Thirty Years On’. Harvard Law Review 115: 1655–87.Google Scholar
Fish, S. 1984. ‘Fish v. Fiss’. Stanford Law Review 36: 1325–47.Google Scholar
Fiss, O. 1981–2. ‘Objectivity and Interpretation’. Stanford Law Review 34: 739–63.Google Scholar
Hart, H. L. A. 1958. ‘Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals’. Harvard Law Review 71: 593–629.Google Scholar
Hart, H. L. A. 1961. The Concept of Law. Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Hart, H. L. A. 1982. ‘Legal Duty and Obligation’. In Hart, H. L. A.. Essays on Bentham. Oxford University Press: 127–61.Google Scholar
Hart, H. L. A. 1994. The Concept of Law. With a Postscript. 2nd ed. Eds. Bulloch, P. A. and Raz, J.. Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Holmes, O. W. 1896–7. ‘The Path of the Law’. Harvard Law Review 10: 457–78.Google Scholar
Kelsen, H. 1960. Reine Rechtslehre [The Pure Theory of Law]. 2nd ed. Österreichische Staatsdruckerei.Google Scholar
Kelsen, H. 1965. ‘Was ist juristischer Positivismus?’ [What Is Legal Positivism?]. Juristenzeitung [Journal for Jurists] 15/16: 465–9.Google Scholar
Kelsen, H. [1934]1994. Reine Rechtslehre. Scientia Verlag.Google Scholar
Kelsen, H. [1945]1999. General Theory of Law and State. Trans. Wedberg, A.. The Lawbook Exchange.Google Scholar
MacCormick, N. 1985–6. ‘A Moralistic Case for A-Moralistic Law?’. Valparaiso University Law Review 20: 1–41.Google Scholar
Moore, M. S. 1985. ‘A Natural Law Theory of Interpretation’. Southern California Law Review 58: 277–398.Google Scholar
Raz, J. 1986. ‘Dworkin: A New Link in the Chain’. California Law Review 74: 1103–19.Google Scholar
Raz, J. 1993. ‘H. L. A. Hart (1907–1992)’. Utilitas 5: 145–56.Google Scholar
Raz, J. [1985]1994. ‘Authority, Law and Morality’. In Raz, J.. Ethics in the Public Domain. Revised ed. Clarendon Press: 210–37.Google Scholar
Raz, J. [1979]2009. ‘Legal Positivism and the Sources of Law’. In Raz, J.. The Authority of Law. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press: 37–52.Google Scholar
Ross, A. 1959. On Law and Justice. University of California Press.Google Scholar
Ross, A. [1961]1998. ‘Validity and the Conflict between Positivism and Natural Law’. In Paulson, S. L. and Paulson, B. Litschewski (eds.). Normativity and Norms: Critical Perspectives on Kelsenian Themes. Clarendon Press: 147–63.Google Scholar
Schauer, F. 1985. ‘Easy Cases’. Southern California Law Review 58: 399–440.Google Scholar
Shapiro, S. J. 2011. Legality. Belknap Press.Google Scholar
Simmonds, N. E. 2002. Central Issues in Jurisprudence: Justice, Law and Rights. 2nd ed. Sweet & Maxwell.Google Scholar
Spaak, T. 2007. Guidance and Constraint: The Action-Guiding Capacity of Theories of Legal Reasoning. Iustus.Google Scholar
Toh, K. 2005. ‘Hart’s Expressivism and His Benthamite Project’. Legal Theory 11: 75–125.Google Scholar
Waluchow, W. J. 1994. Inclusive Legal Positivism. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

References

Austin, J. [1832]1995. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined. Ed. Rumble, W. E.. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Coleman, J. 1982. ‘Negative and Positive Positivism’. Journal of Legal Studies 11: 139–64.Google Scholar
Dworkin, R. 1977. Taking Rights Seriously. Duckworth.Google Scholar
Dworkin, R. 1986. Law’s Empire. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Dworkin, R. 2006. Justice in Robes. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Gardner, J. 2001. ‘Legal Positivism: 5½ Myths’. American Journal of Jurisprudence 46: 199–227.Google Scholar
Hart, H. L. A. [1961]1997. The Concept of Law. 2nd ed. Eds. Bulloch, P. and Raz, J.. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hume, D. [1740]1978. A Treatise of Human Nature. Ed. Nittich, P. H.. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Marmor, A. 2005. Interpretation and Legal Theory. 2nd ed. Hart.Google Scholar
Marmor, A. 2011. Philosophy of Law. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Marmor, A. 2013. ‘Farewell to Conceptual Analysis (in Jurisprudence)’. In Waluchow, W. and Sciaraffa, S. (eds.). Philosophical Foundations of the Nature of Law. Oxford University Press: 209–29.Google Scholar
Marmor, A. 2018. ‘Law as Authoritative Fiction’. Law and Philosophy 37: 473–97.Google Scholar
Marmor, A. 2019. ‘What’s Left of General Jurisprudence? On Law’s Ontology and Content’. Jurisprudence 10(2): 151–70.Google Scholar
Raz, J. 2009. Between Authority and Interpretation. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Stravopoulos, N. 2012. ‘Obligations, Interpretivism and the Legal Point of View’. In Marmor, A. (ed.). The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Law. Routledge: 76–92.Google Scholar
Waluchow, W. 1994. Inclusive Legal Positivism. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

References

Aquinas, St Thomas. 1485. Summa Theologica. Various editions.Google Scholar
Austin, J. 1954. The Providence of Jurisprudence Determined. Weidenfeld and Nicholson.Google Scholar
Coleman, J. 1998. ‘Incorporationism, Conventionality, and the Practical Difference Thesis’. Legal Theory 4: 381–426.Google Scholar
Dworkin, R. 1975. ‘Hard Cases’. Harvard Law Review 88: 1057–1109.Google Scholar
Dworkin, R. 1977. Taking Rights Seriously. Duckworth.Google Scholar
Dworkin, R. 1986. Law’s Empire. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Green, L. 2008. ‘Positivism and the Inseparability of Law and Morals’. New York University Law Review 83: 1035–58.Google Scholar
Hart, H. L. A. 1994. The Concept of Law. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Himma, K. 2001. ‘Law’s Claim of Legitimate Authority’. In Coleman, J. (ed.). Hart’s Postscript. Oxford University Press: 271–310.Google Scholar
Himma, K. 2002. ‘Substance and Method in Conceptual Jurisprudence and Theory’. Virginia Law Review 88: 1120–1208.Google Scholar
Kramer, M. 2004. Where Law and Morality Meet. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Marmor, A. 2007. Law in the Age of Moral Pluralism. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Postema, G. J. 1982. ‘Coordination and Convention at the Foundations of Law’. Journal of Legal Studies 11: 165–203.Google Scholar
Raz, J. 1972. ‘Legal Principles and the Limits of Law’. Yale Law Journal 81: 823–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raz, J. 1979. The Authority of Law. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Raz, J. 1985a. ‘Authority and Justification’. Philosophy and Public Affairs 14: 3–29.Google Scholar
Raz, J. 1985b. ‘Authority, Law and Morality’. The Monist 3: 295–324.Google Scholar
Raz, J, 1986. The Morality of Freedom. Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Raz, J. 1996. ‘The Inner Logic of the Law’. In Raz, J.. Ethics in the Public Domain: Essays in the Morality of Law and Politics. Revised ed. Clarendon Press: 238–53.Google Scholar
Sartorius, R. 1975. Individual Conduct and Social Norms. Dickenson Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Shapiro, S. 1998. ‘On Hart’s Way Out’. Legal Theory 4: 469–507.Google Scholar
Shapiro, S. 2000. ‘Law, Morality, and the Guidance of Conduct’. Legal Theory 6: 127–70.Google Scholar
Waluchow, W. J. 1994. Inclusive Legal Positivism. Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Waluchow, W. J. 2000. ‘Authority and the Practical Difference Thesis: A Defence of Inclusive Legal Positivism’. Legal Theory 6: 45–81.Google Scholar

References

Cass, R. 1976. ‘Ignorance of the Law: A Maxim Reexamined’. William & Mary Law Review 17: 671–700.Google Scholar
Chirayath, L., Sage, C. and Woolcock, M. 2005. Customary Law and Policy Reform: Engaging with the Plurality of Justice Systems. World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/675681468178176738/Customary-law-and-policy-reform-engaging-with-the-plurality-of-justice-systems.Google Scholar
Coleman, J. S. 1973. Power and Structure of Society. W.W. Norton.Google Scholar
Darley, J. M., Robinson, P. H. and Carlsmith, K. M. 2001. ‘The Ex Ante Function of the Criminal Law’. Law and Society Review 35: 165–90.Google Scholar
Fitzpatrick, D. 2016. ‘Fragmented Property Systems’. University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law 38: 137–93.Google Scholar
Hadfield, G. K. and Heine, J. 2016. ‘Law in the Law-Thick World: The Legal Resource Landscape for Ordinary Americans’. In Estreicher, S. and Radice, J. (eds.). Beyond Elite Law: Access to Civil Justice for Ordinary Americans. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hall, L. and Seligman, S. J. 1941. ‘Mistake of Law and Mens Rea’. University of Chicago Law Review 8: 641–83.Google Scholar
Hart, H. L. A. 1961/1994. The Concept of Law. Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Hooker, M.B. 1975. Legal Pluralism: An Introduction to Colonial and Neo-Colonial Laws. Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Jhering, R. V. 1968. Law as a Means to an End. Trans. Husik, I.. A.M. Kelly Press.Google Scholar
Kahn, H. M. 2015. ‘Islamic Law, Customary Law, and Afghan Informal Justice’. Special Report 363. United States Institute of Peace. www.usip.org/sites/default/files/SR363-Islamic-Law-CustomaryLaw-and-Afghan-Informal-Justice.pdf.Google Scholar
Keedy, E. R. 1908. ‘Ignorance and Mistake in the Criminal Law’. Harvard Law Review 22: 75–96.Google Scholar
Kelsen, H. 1967. Pure Theory of Law. Trans. Knight, M.. University of California Press.Google Scholar
Kelsen, H. 1992. An Introduction to the Problems of Legal Theory. Trans. Paulson, B. Litschewski and Paulson, S. L.. Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Kim, P. T. 1998. ‘Bargaining with Imperfect Information: A Study of Worker Perceptions of Legal Protections in an At-Will World’. Cornell Law Review 83: 105–56.Google Scholar
Kohler, R. E. 1935. ‘Ignorance or Mistake of Law as a Defense in Criminal Cases’. Dickinson Law Review 40: 113–21.Google Scholar
Marmor, A. 2004. ‘The Rule of Law and Its Limits’. Law and Philosophy 24:1–43.Google Scholar
Payne, M. 1982. ‘Law Based on Accepted Authority’. William & Mary Law Review 23: 287–319.Google Scholar
Postema, G. J. 2008. ‘Conformity, Custom, and Congruence: Rethinking the Efficacy of Law’. In Kramer, M. H., Grant, C., Coburn, B. and Hatzistavrou, A. (eds.). The Legacy of H.L.A. Hart: Legal, Political, and Moral Philosophy. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Pound, R. 1910. ‘Law in Books and Law in Action’. American Law Review 44: 12–36.Google Scholar
Raz, J. 1970. The Concept of a Legal System: An Introduction to the Theory of a Legal System. Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Raz, J. 2009. The Authority of Law. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Raz, J. 2017. ‘Why the State?’. In Roughan, N. and Halpin, A. (eds.). In Pursuit of Pluralist Jurisprudence. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rowell, A. 2017. ‘Legal Knowledge, Belief, and Aspiration’. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2903049.Google Scholar
Rubin, E. 1989. ‘Law and Legislation in the Administrative State’. Columbia Law Review 89: 369–426.Google Scholar
Shiner, R. A. 1990. ‘The Acceptance of a Legal System’. Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 3: 81–106.Google Scholar
Tamanaha, B. Z. 2001. ‘Socio-Legal Positivism and a General Jurisprudence’. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 21: 1–32.Google Scholar
Tamanaha, B. Z. 2008. ‘Understanding Legal Pluralism: Past to Present, Local to Global’. Sydney Law Review 30: 375–411.Google Scholar
Tamanaha, B. Z. 2011. ‘The Primacy of Society and the Failures of Law and Development’. Cornell International Law Journal 44: 209–47.Google Scholar
Tamanaha, B. Z. 2017. A Realistic Theory of Law. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tamanaha, B. Z. 2018. ‘Law’s Evolving Emergent Phenomena: From Rules of Social Intercourse to Rule of Law Society’. Washington University Law Review 95: 1149–86.Google Scholar
Yassari, N. and Saboory, M. H. 2010. ‘Sharia and National Law in Afghanistan’. Jura Gentium. www.juragentium.org/topics/islam/en/yassari.htm.Google Scholar

References

Blackburn, S. 1984. Spreading the Word: Groundings in the Philosophy of Language. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Boghossian, P. A. 1989. ‘The Rule-Following Considerations’. Mind 98: 507–49.Google Scholar
Duarte d’Almeida, L. 2011. ‘Legal Statements and Normative Language’. Law and Philosophy 30: 167–99.Google Scholar
Duarte d’Almeida, L. 2016. ‘The Grounds of Law’. In Waluchow, W. and Sciaraffa, S. (eds.). The Legacy of Ronald Dworkin. Oxford University Press: 165–202.Google Scholar
Enoch, D. and Toh, K. 2013. ‘Legal as a Thick Concept’. In Waluchow, W. and Sciaraffa, S. (eds.). Philosophical Foundations of the Nature of Law. Oxford University Press: 257–78.Google Scholar
Finlay, S. and Plunkett, D. 2018. ‘Quasi-expressivism about Statements of Law: A Hartian Theory’. In Gardner, J., Green, L. and Leiter, B. (eds.). Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Law vol. 3. Oxford University Press: 49–86.Google Scholar
Geach, P. T. 1972. Logic Matters. Blackwell.Google Scholar
Gibbard, A. 1990. Wise Choices, Apt Feelings. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Green, M. S. 2005. ‘Legal Realism as Theory of Law’. William and Mary Law Review 46: 1915–2000.Google Scholar
Green, M. S. 2011. ‘Leiter on the Legal Realists’. Law and Philosophy 30: 381–418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, M. S. 2013. ‘On Hart’s Category Mistake’. Legal Theory 19: 347–69.Google Scholar
Hart, H. L. A. 1982. Essays on Bentham: Studies in Jurisprudence and Political Theory. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hart, H. L. A. 1983. Essays in Jurisprudence and Philosophy. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hart, H. L. A. 1994. The Concept of Law. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kramer, M. H. 2018. H.L.A. Hart. Polity Press.Google Scholar
McPherson, T. 2011. Against Quietist Normative Realism. Philosophical Studies 154: 223–40.Google Scholar
Mullins, R. 2018a. ‘Detachment and Deontic Language in Law’. Law and Philosophy 37: 351–84.Google Scholar
Mullins, R. 2018b. ‘Legal Positivism and Deontic Detachment’. Ratio Juris 31: 4–8.Google Scholar
Raz, J. 1979. The Authority of Law. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Raz, J. 1980. The Concept of a Legal System. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Raz, J. 1984. ‘Hart on Moral Rights and Legal Duties’. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 4: 123–31.Google Scholar
Raz, J. 1994. Ethics in the Public Domain. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Raz, J. 1998. ‘Purity of the Pure Theory’. In Paulson, S. L. and Paulson, B. L. (eds.). Normativity and Norms: Critical Perspectives on Kelsenian Themes. Oxford University Press: 237–52.Google Scholar
Raz, J. 1999. Practical Reasons and Norms. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Raz, J. 2004. ‘Incorporation by Law’. Legal Theory 10: 1–17.Google Scholar
Schiffer, S. 1993. ‘Actual-Language Relations’. Philosophical Perspectives 7: 231–58.Google Scholar
Sciaraffa, S. 2011. ‘The Ineliminability of Hartian Social Rules’. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 31: 603–23.Google Scholar
Shapiro, S. J. 2009. ‘What Is the Rule of Recognition (and Does It Exist)?’. In Adler, M. D. and Himma, K. E. (eds.). The Rule of Recognition and the U.S. Constitution. Oxford University Press: 227–46.Google Scholar
Shapiro, S. J. 2011. Legality. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Silk, A. 2019. ‘Normativity in Language and Law’. In Plunkett, D., Shapiro, S. and Toh, K. (eds.). Dimensions of Normativity: New Essays on Metaethics and Jurisprudence. Oxford University Press: 287–314.Google Scholar
Stalnaker, R. C. 1999. Context and Content. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Toh, K. 2005. ‘Hart’s Expressivism and His Benthamite Project’. Legal Theory 11: 75–123.Google Scholar
Toh, K. 2007. ‘Raz on Detachment, Acceptance, and Describability’. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 27: 403–27.Google Scholar
Waluchow, W. J. 1994. Inclusive Legal Positivism. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Main Tenets
  • Edited by Torben Spaak, Stockholms Universitet, Patricia Mindus, Uppsala Universitet, Sweden
  • Book: The Cambridge Companion to Legal Positivism
  • Online publication: 21 January 2021
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Main Tenets
  • Edited by Torben Spaak, Stockholms Universitet, Patricia Mindus, Uppsala Universitet, Sweden
  • Book: The Cambridge Companion to Legal Positivism
  • Online publication: 21 January 2021
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Main Tenets
  • Edited by Torben Spaak, Stockholms Universitet, Patricia Mindus, Uppsala Universitet, Sweden
  • Book: The Cambridge Companion to Legal Positivism
  • Online publication: 21 January 2021
Available formats
×