DURING the Middle Ages a very considerable number of these replicas existed in almost every country of Christendom, and at a later period the “Way of the Cross” or “Sacro Monte” of Italy appears to be a development of the same idea.

Next in order of date to the remarkable “New Jerusalem” of Bologna come some French examples, of which unfortunately no vestiges of importance remain beyond mere documentary record.

At Neuvy-St-Sépulcre in the Department of the Indre, France, is a very large circular church, supposed to date from the eleventh century, with a later square church added on one side. This interesting building was almost completely destroyed by alterations in the eighteenth century, and the simulacrum of the Holy Sepulchre has entirely disappeared (vide V.-le-Duc, Dictionnaire, sub voce).

Of minor examples the most important is the “Vera Cruz” church at Segovia, Spain. Standing at a distance from the city of Segovia it suggests the idea of a pilgrimage shrine of the type of that of Bologna, but without the adjacent chapels—possibly the intention may have been to make a similar “New Jerusalem,” but the scheme miscarried.