In February of 2004 Alan Greenspan told the Senate Banking Committee that the threat to the standard of living in the U.S. isn't from jobs leaving for cheaper Asian countries. Much more important is the drop in U.S. educational standards and outcomes.

Current estimates by Forrester Research (Cambridge, MA) are that over the next 15 years at least 3.3 million jobs and 136 billion dollars in wages will move to Asia.

Introduction

The first job of our education system is to teach students to read, and the majority of students do learn this. The second thing the system must do is teach students basic mathematics, and it is here that it fails. Before we can even think about fixing this—something we have been trying to do without success for many years—we must answer two basic questions.

• What does it mean for a student to be proficient in mathematics?

• How can we measure proficiency in mathematics?

These are hard questions. The initial question is difficult because mathematics is one of the most seriously misunderstood subjects in our entire K–12 educational system.