Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Figures and Tables
- Preface
- Prologue
- 1 GPS: The Origins of AI
- 2 Deep Blue: Supercomputing AI
- 3 Cyborgs: Cybernetic AI
- 4 Cyc: Knowledge-Intensive AI
- 5 Coach and Chef: Case-Based AI
- 6 Language Learning: Connectionist AI
- 7 Mathematical Models: Dynamical AI
- 8 Cog: Neorobotic AI
- 9 Copycat: Analogical AI
- Epilogue
- Appendix A Minimax and Alpha-Beta Pruning
- Appendix B An Introduction to Connectionism
- Appendix C The Language Acquisition Debate
- Notes
- Bibliography
- Author Index
- Subject Index
9 - Copycat: Analogical AI
Hofstadter's Romantic Dream
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Figures and Tables
- Preface
- Prologue
- 1 GPS: The Origins of AI
- 2 Deep Blue: Supercomputing AI
- 3 Cyborgs: Cybernetic AI
- 4 Cyc: Knowledge-Intensive AI
- 5 Coach and Chef: Case-Based AI
- 6 Language Learning: Connectionist AI
- 7 Mathematical Models: Dynamical AI
- 8 Cog: Neorobotic AI
- 9 Copycat: Analogical AI
- Epilogue
- Appendix A Minimax and Alpha-Beta Pruning
- Appendix B An Introduction to Connectionism
- Appendix C The Language Acquisition Debate
- Notes
- Bibliography
- Author Index
- Subject Index
Summary
I am a romantic who tends to see the power and depth of human creativity as virtually limitless…. I hope thereby to convey the attitude that in AI …, one should not expect full success overnight – nor should anyone want it.
– Douglas Hofstadter: Le Ton beau de MarotCopycat is a computer model of analogy-making in the domain of letter-string puzzles. Given an analogy problem such as “abc ⇒ abd; iijjkk ⇒?”, for example, it comes up with a set of various answers such as iijjll, iijjdd, iijjkl, iijjkd, iijjkk, iikjkk, iidjkk, or even abd or aabbdd.
Puzzles such as these are common in aptitude tests because apparently they provide useful measures of people's intelligence and creativity. Copycat, by the same token, is believed to have some degree of creativity, albeit a minute one. This model, its successor Metacat, and its siblings Letter Spirit, Tabletop, Phaeaco, and others owe their original conception to Douglas Hofstadter and his Fluid Analogies Research Group. Hofstadter believes that analogies are at the core of human cognition and creativity, and that computer models of analogy-making can provide useful insights into the mechanisms underlying the marvels of human intelligence, from art to science and from language to music. In this chapter, we study a few models of creativity and analogy-making, in particular Copycat, which is based on Hofstadter's views.
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- Information
- Artificial DreamsThe Quest for Non-Biological Intelligence, pp. 286 - 308Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008