This chapter addresses the study of the technology in use in the Iberian Peninsula during the five final centuries of the Middle Ages, with special emphasis on the Christian kingdoms but not forgetting al-Andalus. First, agricultural techniques are considered, especially concerning irrigation agriculture. This is followed by the examination of other production sectors, including the sources of energy and the most significant technological innovations, as well as their routes of dissemination and social transference. The chapter ends with the exploration of both fluvial and maritime navigation techniques used in freight transport and the conclusions, which summarize some of the most relevant technological features of this period.