Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-wq484 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T04:03:43.016Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

19 - Cooperative breeding as an alternative reproductive tactic

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 August 2009

By
WalteR. D Koenig  and
Janis L. Dickinson
Edited by
Rui F. Oliveira ,
Michael Taborsky  and
H. Jane Brockmann
WalteR. D Koenig
Affiliation:
Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Cornell University W233 Seeley G. Mudd Hall Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
Janis L. Dickinson
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Ornithology Cornell University 159 Sapsucker Rd Ithaca, NY 14850 USA
Rui F. Oliveira
Affiliation:
Instituto Superior Psicologia Aplicada, Lisbon
Michael Taborsky
Affiliation:
Universität Bern, Switzerland
H. Jane Brockmann
Affiliation:
University of Florida
Get access

Summary

CHAPTER SUMMARY

Cooperative breeding, in which more than a pair of individuals cooperates to produce young, is found in a small proportion of birds, mammals, and fishes. Cooperative breeding encompasses a variety of alternative tactics. Some of these, such as mate sharing by males and joint nesting by females, explicitly concern reproduction, while others, such as cooperative courtship and helping at the nest by nonbreeders, involve activities leading to indirect reproduction through kin. In addition to these behavior patterns, cooperative breeding systems less commonly exhibit traditional alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs), including sneaking by males and parasitic egg laying by females. In virtually all cases, cooperative breeding behavior is conditional, facultative, and potentially frequency dependent, at least within groups. However, few attempts have been made to understand the expression or diversity of reproductive tactics observed in cooperative breeding systems using the theoretical framework provided by ART theory. Viewing alternatives as ARTs may help to clarify the selective forces that promote helping at the nest and mate sharing and help to explain the infrequent occurrence of parasitic reproductive behavior patterns in cooperative breeders.

INTRODUCTION

Cooperative breeding is a phenomenon in which more than a pair of individuals shares the tasks of producing young in a single nest or litter. It is known to occur in about 3% of birds and mammals (Brown 1987, Arnold and Owens 1998, Russell 2004), as well as some fishes (Taborsky 1994, 2001), but may be considerably more frequent given that the mating systems of many species remain to be determined (Cockburn 2003).

Type
Chapter
Information
Alternative Reproductive Tactics
An Integrative Approach
 , pp. 451 - 470
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alonzo, S. H. and Warner, R. R. 2000. Female choice, conflict between the sexes and the evolution of male alternative reproductive tactics. Evolutionary Ecology Research 2, 149–170.Google Scholar
Arnold, K. E. and Owens, I. P. F. 1998. Cooperative breeding in birds: a comparative test of the life history hypothesis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 265, 739–745.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Austad, S. N. 1984. A classification of alternative reproductive behaviors and methods for field-testing ESS models. American Zoologist 24, 309–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baglione, V., Canestrari, D., Marcos, J. M., Griesser, M., and Ekman, J. 2002. History, environment and social behaviour: experimentally induced cooperative breeding in the carrion crow. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 269, 1247–1251.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Balshine-Earn, S., Neat, F. C., Reid, H., and Taborsky, M. 1998. Paying to stay or paying to breed? Field evidence for direct benefits of helping behavior in a cooperatively breeding fish. Behavioral Ecology 9, 432–438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, N. C., Faulkes, C. G., and Molteno, A. J. 1996. Reproductive suppression in subordinate, non-breeding female Damaraland mole-rats: two components to a lifetime of socially induced infertility. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 263, 1599–1603.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bertram, B. C. R. 1992. The Ostrich Communal Nesting System. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Briskie, J. V., Montgomerie, R., Pöldmaa, T., and Boag, P. T. 1998. Paternity and paternal care in the polygynandrous Smith's longspur. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 43, 181–190.Google Scholar
Brockmann, H. J. 1997. Cooperative breeding in wasps and vertebrates: the role of ecological constraints. In Choe, J. C. and Crespi, B. J. (eds.) The Evolution of Social Behavior in Insects and Arachnids, pp. 347–371. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brockmann, H. J. 2001. The evolution of alternative strategies and tactics. Advances in the Study of Behavior 30, 1–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooker, M. G., Rowley, I., Adams, M., and Baverstock, P. R. 1990. Promiscuity: an inbreeding avoidance mechanism in a socially monogamous species?Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 26, 191–200.Google Scholar
Brown, J. L. 1987. Helping and Communal Breeding in Birds. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, J. L. and Brown, E. R. 1990. Mexican jays: uncooperative breeding. In Stacey, P. B. and Koenig, W. D. (eds.) Cooperative Breeding in Birds: Long-Term Studies of Ecology and Behavior, pp. 267–288. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bygott, J. D., Bertram, B. C. R., and Hanby, J. P. 1979. Male lions in large coalitions gain reproductive advantages. Nature 282, 839–841.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caffrey, C. 1992. Female-biased delayed dispersal and helping in American crows. Auk 109, 609–619.Google Scholar
Clutton-Brock, T. H., Brotherton, P. N. M., Russell, A. F., et al. 2001. Cooperation, control, and concession in meerkat groups. Science 291, 478–481.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cockburn, A. 2003. Cooperative breeding in oscine passerines: does sociality inhibit speciation?Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 270, 2207–2214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cockburn, A. 2004. Mating systems and sexual conflict. In Koenig, W. D. and Dickinson, J. L. (eds.) Ecology and Evolution of Cooperative Breeding in Birds, pp. 81–101. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cockburn, A., Osmond, H. L., Mulder, R. A., Green, D. J., and Double, M. C. 2003. Divorce, dispersal, density-dependence and incest avoidance in the cooperatively breeding superb fairy-wren Malurus cyaneus. Journal of Animal Ecology 72, 189–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooney, R. and Bennett, N. C. 2000. Inbreeding avoidance and reproductive skew in a cooperative mammal. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 267, 801–806.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Craig, J. L. and Jamieson, I. G. 1990. Pukeko: different approaches and some different answers. In Stacey, P. B. and Koenig, W. D. (eds.) Cooperative Breeding in Birds: Long-Term Studies of Ecology and Behavior, pp. 387–412. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Creel, S. R. and Waser, P. M. 1997. Variation in reproductive suppression among dwarf mongooses: interplay between mechanisms and evaluation. In Solomon, N. G. and French, J. A. (eds.) Cooperative Breeding in Mammals, pp. 150–170. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Crespi, B. J. and Yanega, D. 1995. The definition of eusociality. Behavioral Ecology 6, 109–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crook, J. H. and Osmaston, H. 1994. Himalayan Buddhist Villages: Environment, Resources, Society and Religious Life in Zangskar, Ladakh.Bristol, UK: University of Bristol Press.Google Scholar
Curry, R. L. and Grant, P. R. 1990. Galápagos mockingbirds: territorial cooperative breeding in a climatically variable environment. In Stacey, P. B. and Koenig, W. D. (eds.) Cooperative Breeding in Birds: Long-Term Studies of Ecology and Behavior, pp. 289–331. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, N. B. 1991. Mating systems. In Krebs, J. R. and Davies, N. B. (eds.) Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach, 3rd edn, pp. 263–294. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific.Google Scholar
Davies, N. B. 1992. Dunnock Behaviour and Social Evolution. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Davies, N. B., Hartley, I. R., Hatchwell, B. J., et al. 1995. The polygynandrous mating system of the alpine accentor, Prunella collaris. 1. Ecological causes and reproductive conflicts. Animal Behaviour 49, 769–788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, J. L. 2004a. Facultative sex ratio adjustment by western bluebird mothers with stay-at-home helpers-at-the-nest. Animal Behaviour 68, 373–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, J. L. 2004b. A test of the importance of direct and indirect fitness benefits for helping decisions in western bluebirds. Behavioral Ecology 15, 233–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, J. L. and Akre, J. J. 1998. Extrapair paternity, inclusive fitness, and within-group benefits of helping in western bluebirds. Molecular Ecology 7, 95–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, J. L. and Hatchwell, B. J. 2004. Fitness consequences of helping. In Koenig, W. D. and Dickinson, J. L. (eds.) Ecology and Evolution of Cooperative Breeding in Birds, pp. 48–66. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, J. L. and McGowan, A. 2005. Winter resource wealth drives delayed dispersal and family-group living in western bluebirds. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 272, 2423–2428.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dickinson, J. L., Haydock, J., Koenig, W. D., Stanback, M. T., and Pitelka, F. A. 1995. Genetic monogamy in single-male groups of acorn woodpeckers, Melanerpes formicivorus. Molecular Ecology 4, 765–769.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, J. L., Koenig, W. D., and Pitelka, F. A. 1996. Fitness consequences of helping behavior in the western bluebird. Behavioral Ecology 7, 168–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Double, M. C. and Cockburn, A. 2000. Pre-dawn infidelity: females control extra-pair mating in superb fairy-wrens. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 267, 465–470.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Double, M. C. and Cockburn, A. 2003. Subordinate superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus) parasitize the reproductive success of attractive dominant males. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 270, 379–384.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dunn, P. O. and Cockburn, A. 1996. Evolution of male parental care in a bird with almost complete cuckoldry. Evolution 50, 2542–2548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunn, P. O. and Cockburn, A. 1999. Extrapair mate choice and honest signaling in cooperatively breeding superb fairy-wrens. Evolution 53, 938–946.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dunn, P. O., Cockburn, A., and Mulder, R. A. 1995. Fairy-wren helpers often care for young to which they are unrelated. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 259, 339–343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emlen, S. T. 1978. The evolution of cooperative breeding in birds. In Krebs, J. R. and Davies, N. B. (eds.) Behavioral Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach, pp. 245–281. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Emlen, S. T. 1990. White-fronted bee-eaters: helping in a colonially nesting species. In Stacey, P. B. and Koenig, W. D. (eds.) Cooperative Breeding in Birds: Long-Term Studies of Ecology and Behavior, pp. 489–526. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emlen, S. T. 1991. Evolution of cooperative breeding in birds and mammals. In Krebs, J. R. and Davies, N. B. (eds.) Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach, 3rd edition, pp. 301–337. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific.Google Scholar
Faaborg, J. and Patterson, C. B. 1981. The characteristics and occurrence of cooperative polyandry. Ibis 123, 477–484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faaborg, J., Parker, P. G., Delay, L., et al. 1995. Confirmation of cooperative polyandry in the Galápagos hawk (Buteo galapagoensis). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 36, 83–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foster, M. S. 1981. Cooperative behavior and social organization of the swallow-tailed manakin (Chiroxiphia caudata). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 9, 167–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldizen, A. W., Putland, D. A., and Goldizen, A. R. 1998. Variable mating patterns in Tasmanian hens (Gallinula mortierii): correlates of reproductive success. Journal of Animal Ecology 67, 307–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldizen, A. W., Buchan, J. C., Putland, D. A., Goldizen, A. R., and Krebs, E. A. 2000. Patterns of mate-sharing in a population of Tasmanian native hens Gallinula mortierii. Ibis 142, 40–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, D. J., Osmond, H. L., Double, M. C., and Cockburn, A. 2000. Display rate by male fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus) during the fertile period of females has little influence on extra-pair mate choice. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 48, 438–446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gross, M. R. 1996. Alternative reproductive strategies and tactics: diversity within sexes. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11, 92–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haig, S. M., Walters, J. R., and Plissner, J. H. 1994. Genetic evidence for monogamy in the cooperatively breeding red-cockaded woodpecker. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 34, 295–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannon, S. J., Mumme, R. L., Koenig, W. D., and Pitelka, F. A. 1985. Replacement of breeders and within-group conflict in the cooperatively breeding acorn woodpecker. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 17, 303–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartley, I. R. and Davies, N. B. 1994. Limits to cooperative polyandry in birds. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 257, 67–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartley, I. R., Davies, N. B., Hatchwell, B. J., et al. 1995. The polygynandrous mating system of the alpine accentor, Prunella collaris. 2. Multiple paternity and parental effort. Animal Behaviour 49, 789–803.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatchwell, B. J., Anderson, C., Ross, D. J., Fowlie, M. K., and Blackwell, P. G. 2001. Social organization of cooperatively breeding long-tailed tits: kinship and spatial dynamics. Journal of Animal Ecology 70, 820–830.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haydock, J. and Koenig, W. D. 2002. Reproductive skew in the polygynandrous acorn woodpecker. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99, 7178–7183.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haydock, J. and Koenig, W. D. 2003. Patterns of reproductive skew in the polygynandrous acorn woodpecker. American Naturalist 162, 277–289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haydock, J., Koenig, W. D., and Stanback, M. T. 2001. Shared parentage and incest avoidance in the cooperatively breeding acorn woodpecker. Molecular Ecology 10, 1515–1525.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heinsohn, R. G. and Legge, S. 2003. Breeding biology of the reverse-dichromatic, cooperative parrot, Eclectus roratus. Journal of Zoology (London) 259, 197–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heinsohn, R. G., Dunn, P. O., Legge, S., and Double, M. C. 2000. Coalitions of relatives and reproductive skew in cooperatively breeding white-winged choughs. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 267, 243–249.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henson, S. A. and Warner, R. R. 1997. Male and female alternative reproductive behaviors in fishes: a new approach using intersexual dynamics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 28, 571–592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hurxthal, L. M. 1979. Breeding Behaviour of the Ostrich, Struthio camelus massaicus, in Nairobi National Park. Nairobi: University of Nairobi.Google Scholar
Innes, K. E. and Johnston, R. E. 1996. Cooperative breeding in the white-throated magpie-jay: how do auxiliaries influence nesting success?Animal Behaviour 51, 519–533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jamieson, I. G. 1997. Testing reproductive skew models in a communally breeding bird, the pukeko, Porphyrio porphyrio. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 264, 335–340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jamieson, I. G., Quinn, J. S., Rose, P. A., and White, B. N. 1994. Shared paternity among non-relatives is a result of an egalitarian mating system in a communally breeding bird, the pukeko. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 257, 271–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnstone, R. A. 2000. Models of reproductive skew: a review and synthesis. Ethology 106, 5–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, L. and Reeve, H. K. 1994. Partitioning of reproduction in animal societies. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9, 98–102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khan, M. Z., McNabb, F. M. A., Walters, J. R., and Sharp, P. J. 2001. Patterns of testosterone and prolactin concentrations and reproductive behavior of helpers and breeders in the cooperatively breeding red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis). Hormones and Behavior 40, 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimwele, C. N. and Graves, J. A. 2003. A molecular genetic analysis of the communal nesting of the ostrich (Struthio camelus). Molecular Ecology 12, 229–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koenig, W. D. and Haydock, J. 2004. Incest and incest avoidance. In Koenig, W. D. and Dickinson, J. L. (eds.) Ecology and Evolution of Cooperative Breeding in Birds, pp. 142–156. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koenig, W. D. and Mumme, R. L. 1987. Population Ecology of the Cooperatively Breeding Acorn Woodpecker. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Koenig, W. D., Mumme, R. L., and Pitelka, F. A. 1984. The breeding system of the acorn woodpecker in central coastal California. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 65, 289–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koenig, W. D., Mumme, R. L., Stanback, M. T., and Pitelka, F. A. 1995. Patterns and consequences of egg destruction among joint-nesting acorn woodpeckers. Animal Behaviour 50, 607–621.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koenig, W. D., Haydock, J., and Stanback, M. T. 1998. Reproductive roles in the cooperatively breeding acorn woodpecker: incest avoidance versus reproductive competition. American Naturalist 151, 243–255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koenig, W. D., Stanback, M. T., and Haydock, J. 1999. Demographic consequences of incest avoidance in the cooperatively breeding acorn woodpecker. Animal Behaviour 57, 1287–1293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kokko, H. and Ekman, J. 2002. Delayed dispersal as a route to breeding: territorial inheritance, safe havens, and ecological constraints. American Naturalist 160, 468–484.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Komdeur, J. 1992. Importance of habitat saturation and territory quality for evolution of cooperative breeding in the Seychelles warbler. Nature 358, 493–495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Komdeur, J. 1994. Experimental evidence for helping and hindering by previous offspring in the cooperative-breeding Seychelles warbler Acrocephalus sechellensis. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 34, 175–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Komdeur, J. 1996. Influence of helping and breeding experience on reproductive performance in the Seychelles warbler: a translocation experiment. Behavioral Ecology 7, 326–333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krakauer, A. 2005. Kin selection and cooperative courtship in wild turkeys. Nature 434, 69–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lambert, D. M., Millar, C. D., Jack, K., Anderson, S., and Craig, J. L. 1994. Single- and multilocus DNA fingerprinting on communally breeding pukeko: do copulations or dominance ensure reproductive success?Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 91, 9641–9645.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewis, S. E. and Pusey, A. E. 1997. Factors influencing the occurrence of communal care in plural breeding mammals. In Solomon, N. G. and French, J. A. (eds.) Cooperative Breeding in Mammals, pp. 335–363. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Li, S.-H. and Brown, J. L. 2000. High frequency of extrapair fertilization in a plural breeding bird, the Mexican jay, revealed by DNA microsatellites. Animal Behaviour 60, 867–877.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, S.-H. and Brown, J. L. 2002. Reduction of maternal care: a new benefit of multiple mating?Behavioral Ecology 13, 87–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loflin, R. K. 1983. Communal behaviors of the smooth-billed ani (Crotophaga ani). Ph.D. thesis, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL.
Lundy, K. J., Parker, P. G., and Zahavi, A. 1998. Reproduction by subordinates in cooperatively breeding Arabian babblers is uncommon but predictable. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 43, 173–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magrath, R. D., Johnstone, R. A., and Heinsohn, R. G. 2004. Reproductive skew. In Koenig, W. D. and Dickinson, J. L. (eds.) Ecology and Evolution of Cooperative Breeding in Birds, pp. 157–176. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, E. and Taborsky, M. 1997. Alternative male mating tactics in a cichlid, Pelvicacharomis pulcher: a comparison of reproductive effort and success. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 41, 311–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marzluff, J. M. and Balda, R. P. 1990. Pinyon jays: making the best of a bad situation by helping. In Stacey, P. B. and Koenig, W. D. (eds.) Cooperative Breeding in Birds: Long-Term Studies of Ecology and Behavior, pp. 199–237. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maynard Smith, J. and Ridpath, M. G. 1972. Wife sharing in the Tasmanian native hen, Tribonyx mortierii: a case of kin selection?American Naturalist 106, 447–452.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonald, D. B. 1989. Correlates of male mating success in a lekking bird with male–male cooperation. Animal Behaviour 37, 1007–1022.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonald, D. B. and Potts, W. K. 1994. Cooperative display and relatedness among males in a lek-mating bird. Science 266, 1030–1032.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McRae, S. B. 1995. Temporal variation in responses to intraspecific brood parasitism in the moorhen. Animal Behaviour 49, 1073–1088.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McRae, S. B. 1996. Family values: costs and benefits of communal nesting in the moorhen. Animal Behaviour 52, 225–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McRae, S. B. 1998. Relative reproductive success of female moorhens using conditional strategies of brood parasitism and parental care. Behavioral Ecology 9, 93–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McRae, S. B. and Burke, T. 1996. Intraspecific brood parasitism in the moorhen: parentage and parasite–host relationships determined by DNA fingerprinting. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 38, 115–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mulder, R. A., Dunn, P. O., Cockburn, A., Lazenby-Cohen, K. A., and Howell, M. J. 1994. Helpers liberate female fairy-wrens from constraints on extra-pair mate choice. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 255, 223–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mumme, R. L. 1992. Do helpers increase reproductive success? An experimental analysis in the Florida scrub jay. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 31, 319–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mumme, R. L., Koenig, W. D., and Pitelka, F. A. 1983. Reproductive competition in the communal acorn woodpecker: sisters destroy each other's eggs. Nature 305, 583–584.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakamura, M. 1998a. Multiple mating and cooperative breeding in polygynandrous alpine accentors. 1. Competition among females. Animal Behaviour, 55, 259–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakamura, M. 1998b. Multiple mating and cooperative breeding in polygynandrous alpine accentors. 2. Male mating tactics. Animal Behaviour 55, 277–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliveira, R. F., Carvalho, N., Miranda, J., et al. 2002. The relationship between the presence of satellite males and nest-holders' mating success in the Azorean rock-pool blenny Parablennius sanguinolentus parvicornis. Ethology 108, 223–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Riain, M. J., Bennett, N. C., Brotherton, P. N. M., McIlrath, G. M., and Clutton-Brock, T. H. 2000. Reproductive suppression and inbreeding avoidance in wild populations of co-operatively breeding meerkats (Suricata suricatta). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 48, 471–477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Packer, C., Scheel, D., and Pusey, A. E. 1990. Why lions form groups: food is not enough. American Naturalist 136, 1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Packer, C., Gilbert, D. A., Pusey, A. E., and O'Brian, S. J. 1991. A molecular genetic analysis of kinship and cooperation in African lions. Nature 351, 562–565.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Packer, C., Pusey, A. E., and Eberly, L. E. 2001. Egalitarianism in female African lions. Science 293, 690–693.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Page, L. M. and Johnston, C. E. 1990. Spawning in the creek chubsucker, Erimyzon oblongus, with a review of spawning behavior in suckers (Catostomidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 27, 265–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peters, A. 2000. Testosterone treatment is immunosuppressive in superb fairy-wrens, yet free-living males with high testosterone are more immunocompetent. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 267, 883–889.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peters, A., Astheimer, L. B., Boland, C. R. J., and Cockburn, A. 2000. Testosterone is involved in acquisition and maintenance of sexually selected male plumage in superb fairy-wrens, Malurus cyaneus. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 47, 438–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peters, A., Astheimer, L. B., and Cockburn, A. 2001. The annual testosterone profile in cooperatively breeding superb fairy-wrens, Malurus cyaneus, reflects their extreme infidelity. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 50, 519–527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piper, W. H. and Slater, G. 1993. Polyandry and incest avoidance in the cooperative stripe-backed wren of Venezuela. Behaviour 124, 227–247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quinn, J. S., Woolfenden, G. E., Fitzpatrick, J. W., and White, B. N. 1999. Multi-locus DNA fingerprinting supports genetic monogamy in Florida scrub-jays. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 45, 1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rabenold, K. N. 1990. Campylorhynchus wrens: the ecology of delayed dispersal and cooperation in the Venezuelan savanna. In Stacey, P. B. and Koenig, W. D. (eds.) Cooperative Breeding in Birds: Long-Term Studies of Ecology and Behavior, pp. 159–196. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rabenold, P. P., Rabenold, K. N., Piper, W. H., Haydock, J., and Zack, S. N. 1990. Shared paternity revealed by genetic analysis in cooperatively breeding tropical wrens. Nature 348, 538–540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reyer, H.-U., Dittami, J. P., and Hall, M. R. 1986. Avian helpers at the nest: are they psychologically castrated?Ethology 71, 216–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richardson, D. S., Burke, T., and Komdeur, J. 2002. Direct benefits and the evolution of female-biased cooperative breeding in Seychelles warblers. Evolution 56, 2313–2321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rood, J. P. 1990. Group size, survival, reproduction, and routes to breeding in dwarf mongooses. Animal Behaviour 39, 566–572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, A. F. 2004. Mammals: comparisons and contrasts. In Koenig, W. D. and Dickinson, J. L. (eds.) Ecology and Evolution of Cooperative Breeding in Birds, pp. 210–227. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schoech, S. J., Reynolds, S. J., and Boughton, R. K. 2004. Endocrinology. In Koenig, W. D. and Dickinson, J. L. (eds.) Ecology and Evolution of Cooperative Breeding in Birds, pp. 128–141. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sherman, P. W., Lacey, E. A., Reeve, H. K., and Keller, L. 1995. The eusociality continuum. Behavioral Ecology 6, 102–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skubic, E., Taborsky, M., McNamara, J. M., and Houston, A. I. 2004. When to parasitize? A dynamic optimization model of reproductive strategies in a cooperative breeder. Journal of Theoretical Biology 227, 487–501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stacey, P. B. 1982. Female promiscuity and male reproductive success in social birds and mammals. American Naturalist 120, 51–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strassman, J. E., Hughes, C. R., Turillazzi, S., Solis, C. R., and Queller, D. C. 1994. Genetic relatedness and incipient eusociality in stenogastrine wasps. Animal Behaviour 48, 813–821.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taborsky, M. 1984. Broodcare helpers in the cichlid fish Lamprologus brichardi: their costs and benefits. Animal Behaviour 32, 1236–1252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taborsky, M. 1985. Breeder–helper conflict in a cichlid fish with broodcare helpers: an experimental analysis. Behaviour 95, 45–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taborsky, M. 1994. Sneakers, satellites, and helpers: parasitic and cooperative behavior in fish reproduction. Advances in the Study of Behavior 23, 1–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taborsky, M. 2001. The evolution of bourgeois, parasitic, and cooperative reproductive behaviors in fishes. Journal of Heredity 92, 100–110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taborsky, M., Hudde, B., and Wirtz, P. 1987. Reproductive behavior and ecology of Symphodus ocellatus, a European wrasse with four types of male behaviour. Behaviour 102, 82–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vehrencamp, S. L. 1983a. A model for the evolution of despotic versus egalitarian societies. Animal Behaviour 31, 667–682.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vehrencamp, S. L. 1983b. Optimal degree of skew in cooperative societies. American Zoologist 23, 327–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vehrencamp, S. L. 2000. Evolutionary routes to joint-female nesting in birds. Behavioral Ecology 11, 334–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vehrencamp, S. L. and Quinn, J. S. 2004. Joint laying systems. In Koenig, W. D. and Dickinson, J. L. (eds.) Ecology and Evolution of Cooperative Breeding in Birds, pp. 177–196. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vehrencamp, S. L., Bowen, B. S., and Koford, R. R. 1986. Breeding roles and pairing patterns within communal groups of groove-billed anis. Animal Behaviour 34, 347–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watts, C. R. and Stokes, A. W. 1971. The social order of turkeys. Scientific American 224, 112–118.Google Scholar
Wingfield, J. C., Hegner, R. E., Dufty Jr., A. M., and Ball, G. F. 1990. The “challenge hypothesis”: theoretical implications for patterns of testosterone secretion, mating systems, and breeding strategies. American Naturalist 136, 829–845.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woolfenden, G. E. and Fitzpatrick, J. W. 1984. The Florida Scrub Jay: Demography of a Cooperative-Breeding Bird. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Woolfenden, G. E. and Fitzpatrick, J. W. 1986. Sexual asymmetries in the life history of the Florida scrub jay. In Rubenstein, D. and Wrangham, R. W. (eds.) Ecological Aspects of Social Evolution: Birds and Mammals, pp. 87–107. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Woolfenden, G. E. and Fitzpatrick, J. W. 1990. Florida scrub jays: a synopsis after 18 years of study. In Stacey, P. B. and Koenig, W. D. (eds.) Cooperative Breeding in Birds: Long-Term Studies of Ecology and Behavior, pp. 241–266. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×