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15 - Papaveraceae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

R. H. M. Langer
Affiliation:
Lincoln University, New Zealand
G. D. Hill
Affiliation:
Lincoln University, New Zealand
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Summary

Although in Europe this family is best known for its red weed species, it contains one crop of economic importance and social significance, the poppy. This plant is grown for its seeds which yield a valuable, edible oil, but its reputation rests more notoriously on opium derived from its alkaloids which include morphine, codeine and papaverine.

POPPY (PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM)

The poppy is thought to have originated under domestication from a wild progenitor in Asia Minor. The powerful properties of opium must have been recognised at a very early stage. The plant has consequently been cultivated for thousands of years and the drug morphine used in medicine and as a narcotic. It was certainly well known to the Persians, Egyptians, Greeks and Romans. Arab traders took crude opium and seed westward to Europe and eastwards into Asia. Further spread was continued by the Spanish and Portuguese, and this together with the notorious opium trade conducted in the Dutch and British colonial empires has ensured that the plant and its effects are universally known throughout the world. As a crop the poppy is now represented by different cultivars, some cultivated for oil, others for opium. The main producing countries are Turkey, USSR, and some Balkan states. Cultivation for opium is usually under strict government control.

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Agricultural Plants , pp. 304 - 307
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1991

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  • Papaveraceae
  • R. H. M. Langer, Lincoln University, New Zealand, G. D. Hill, Lincoln University, New Zealand
  • Book: Agricultural Plants
  • Online publication: 05 June 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139170284.017
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  • Papaveraceae
  • R. H. M. Langer, Lincoln University, New Zealand, G. D. Hill, Lincoln University, New Zealand
  • Book: Agricultural Plants
  • Online publication: 05 June 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139170284.017
Available formats
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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Papaveraceae
  • R. H. M. Langer, Lincoln University, New Zealand, G. D. Hill, Lincoln University, New Zealand
  • Book: Agricultural Plants
  • Online publication: 05 June 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139170284.017
Available formats
×