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17 - Animals as Means of Military Experimentation

from Part III - The Protection of Animals in Specific Situations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 October 2022

By
Veronika Bílková
Edited by
Anne Peters ,
Jérôme de Hemptinne  and
Robert Kolb
Anne Peters
Affiliation:
Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, Heidelberg
Jérôme de Hemptinne
Affiliation:
Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights
Robert Kolb
Affiliation:
Université de Genève
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Summary

The chapter casts light on the emerging body of law applicable to military experiments on animals. It first shows that these experiments are a large-scale phenomenon, not only because of the number of animals affected by them but also due to harm and suffering inflicted on these animals. It proceeds by providing an overview of two main sets of legal rules that are of relevance in this field: national legal acts and international treaties or other rules of international law. Whereas these rules are primarily designed for civil research, they apply – or could apply – to military experiments as well. Based on the analysis of these two sets of rules, the chapter identifies the main parameters of the gradually emerging legal rules on military experiments on animals, focusing on their scope of application, their content and on the legal consequences of violations.

Keywords

animalsmilitary experimentsmilitary forcesresearchexcessive crueltyunnecessary suffering3R Principle
Type
Chapter
Information
Animals in the International Law of Armed Conflict , pp. 294 - 310
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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References

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Baumans, Vera, ‘Use of Animals in Experimental Research: An Ethical Dilemma?’, Gene Therapy 11 (2004), 64–6.Google Scholar
Felsmann, Mariusz Zbigniew et al., ‘Protection of Animals Used in Experiments in Polish Law – History, Present Day and Perspective: A Review’, Veterinarni Medicina 59 (2014), 117–23.Google Scholar
Florence, Geneviève et al., ‘Ethics and Animal Experimentation in Military Research Centers’, Sciences et Techniques de l’Animal de Laboratoire 26 (2001), 95–103.Google Scholar
Gala, Shalin G. et al., ‘Use of Animals by NATO Countries in Military Medical Training Exercises: An International Survey’, Military Medicine 177 (2012), 907–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knight, Andrew, Costs and Benefits of Animal Experiments (London: Palgrave Macmillan 2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, William M. S. and Burch, Rex L., The Principle of Humane Experimental Technique (London: Methuen 1959).Google Scholar
Shurcliff, William A., Operation Crossroads: The Official Pictorial Record (New York: William H. Wise 1946).Google Scholar
Smith, Jane A. and Boyd, Kenneth M. (eds.), Lives in the Balance: The Ethics of Using Animals in Biomedical Research (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1994).Google Scholar
Yarri, Donna, The Ethics of Animal Experimentation (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2005).Google Scholar

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