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The Complex Role of the Legal Adviser When International Organizations Administer Territory

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2017

Ralph Wilde
Ralph Wilde*
Affiliation:
Trinity College, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1TQ, UK,
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Abstract

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Type
Meeting Report
Information
Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting , Volume 95 , 2001 , pp. 251 - 258
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 2001

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References

1 UN administration was introduced in Kosovo in June 1999 and in East Timor at the end of 1999. For Kosovo, see Agreement on the principles (Peace Plan) to move toward a resolution of the Kosovo crisis presented to the leadership of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia by the President of Finland, Manti Ahtisaari, representing the European Union, and Viktor Chernomyrdin, Special Representative of the President of the Russian Federationjune 3,1999, UN Doc. S/1999/649 (1999), [hereinafter Kosovo Peace Plan], and SC Res. 1244 (1999), June 10, 1999, UN Doc. S/RES/1244 (1999), [hereinafter SC Res. 1244]. For East Timor, see SC Res. 1272 (1999), October 25, 1999, UN Doc.S/RES/1272 (1999), [hereinafter SC Res. 1272], in particular articles l, 2(a), 2(b), 3(a), and 6. See also Indonesia-Portugal, Agreement on the Question of East Timor, May 5, 1999, available at <http://www.un.org/peace/etimor99/agreement/agreeFrame_Eng01.html>, Appendix, A Constitutional Framework for a Special Autonomy for East Timor, available at <http://www.un.org/peace/etimor99/agreement/agreeFrame_Eng02.html>.

2 See Sc Res. 1244, para. 10 & pmbl., para.10; Kosovo Peace Plan, para. 5.

3 SC Res. 1244, para. 11(e); see also Annex 1, para. 8.

4 The intended future status of East Timor as statehood is implicit in SC Res. 1272, pmbl., para. 3.

5 See UNMIK Regulation 1999/1 (as amended) contained in Regulation 2000/54, Sept. 27, 2000, UNMIK Doc. UNMIK/REG/2000/54 (2000), §1.1, 4, and UNMIK Regulation 1999/24, Dec. 12, 1999, UNMIK Doc. UNMIK/REG/1999/24 (1999), §1.1. For East Timor, see SC Res. 1272, paras. 1, 6, and UNTAET Regulation 1999/1, Nov. 27, 1999, UNTAET/REG/1999/1 (1999), §1.1, 3, 4.

6 See UNTAET’s repeated reference to “acting on behalf of East Timor” in its note contained in the Exchange of Notes constituting an Agreement between the Government of Australia and the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) concerning the continued Operation of the Treaty between Australia and the Republic of Indonesia on the Zone of Cooperation in an Area between the Indonesian Province of East Timor and Northern Australia of Dec. 11, 1989 (Feb. 10, 2000), 2000 Austl. T.S. No. 9 [hereinafter Timor Gap Agreement 2000]. Note also the citation of UNTAET alongside the “Government of Australia” rather than “Australia” in this title.

7 Wilde, Ralph, From Danzig to East Timor and Beyond: The Role of International Territorial Administration, 95 AJIL 583 (2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

8 See General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Hercegovina, Dec. 14, 1995, UN Doc. S/1995/999 (1995), 35 ILM 75 (1996), available at <http://www.ohr.int/gfa/gfa-home.htm> [hereinafter Dayton Peace Agreement].

9 See High Representative’s Decision removing Ante Jelavic from his Position as the Croat Member of the Bosn. & Herz. Presidency and Further Banningjelavic from Holding Public and Party Offices (Mar. 7,2001 ), available at <http://www.ohr.int/decisions/20010307d.htm> [visited March 16, 2001].

10 Report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations, Identical Letters Dated 21 August 2000 from the Secretary-General to the President of the General Assembly and the President of the Security Council, UN Doc. A/55/305-S/2000/809, para. 77 (Aug. 21, 2000) [hereinafter Brahimi Report].

11 Strohmeyer, Hansjörg, Collapse and Reconstruction of a Judicial System: The United Nations Missions in Kosovo and East Timor, 95 AJIL 46 (2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

12 See Brahimi Report, supra note 10, paras 79-83.

13 Id., paras. 127, 129.

14 See Case U 9/00 (Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Nov. 3,2000) (evaluating the Law on State Border Service), available at <http://www.ustavnisud.ba/home/en/index.html> [hereinafter Case U 9/00].

15 Decision Imposing the Law on State Border Service (Office of the High Representative, Jan. 13, 2000), available at <www.ohr.int/decisions.htm>.

16 See Dayton Peace Agreement, supra note 8, Annex 10, Art. III, para. 4 (privileges and immunities), Art. V (final authority to interpret mandate).

17 Case U9/00, para. 5.

18 Id.

19 See Regina v. Bow Street Stipendiary Magistrates and Others, ex parte Pinochet Ugarte (No. 1), 4 All E.R. 897 (H.L. 1998), [1998] 3 WLR 1456.

20 See, e.g., Wilde, Ralph, Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes?: Why and How UNHCR Governance of Development Refugee Camps Should Be Subject to International Human Rights Law, 1 Yale Hum. Rts. & Dev. (1998), available at <http://diana.law.yale.edu/yhrdlj/vol01iss01/wilde_ralph_note.htm>Google Scholar.

21 For OHR immunity, see supra note 15. For UNMIK immunity, see UNMIK Regulation 2000/47, Aug. 18, 2000, UNMIK Doc. UNMIK/REG/2000/47 (2000). UNTAET considers itself immune within East Timor but has not promulgated a regulation to this effect.

22 The agreement, signed in July 2001, was not publicly available at the time of writing.