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Introduction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2018

Rok Stergar
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Introduction
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Austrian History Yearbook , Volume 49 , April 2018 , pp. 17 - 22
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Copyright © Center for Austrian Studies, University of Minnesota 2018 

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Footnotes

I would like to thank all the presenters at the April 2017 conference “Identities, Categories of Identification, and Identifications between the Danube, the Alps, and the Adriatic” for their stimulating talks. Special thanks go to Stefan Donecker and Pieter Judson for their keynote lectures and to Tomasz Kamusella for his concluding remarks. All of them helped me think more clearly about the topic. Last, but not least, without the help of Kaja Širok, Tamara Scheer, Neja Blaj Hribar, Marko Zajc, and Jernej Kosi, the conference and consequently this forum would not have been possible.

I would also like to thank Nancy M. Wingfield for suggesting I try to put this Austrian History Yearbook forum together, and the editor, Daniel Unowsky, for all his help.

References

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10 For a fairly recent overview of developments, see Cole, “Differentiation or Indifference?”; Judson, Pieter M., “Constructing Nationalities in East Central Europe: Introduction,” in Constructing Nationalities in East Central Europe, eds. Judson, Pieter M. and Rozenblit, Marsha (New York, 2005), 1–18Google Scholar. See also Portmann, Michael, “Die Nation als eine Form kollektiver Identität? Kritik und Konsequenzen für eine zietgemäße Historiographie,” in Nation, Nationalitäten und Nationalismus im östlichen Europa: Festschrift für Arnold Suppan zum 65. Geburtstag, eds. Wakounig, Marija, Mueller, Wolfgangm and Portmann, Michael (Münster, 2010), 44–45Google Scholar.

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12 Hösler, Joachim, Von Krain zu Slowenien: Die Anfänge der nationalen Differenzierungsprozesse in Krain und der Untersteiermark von der Aufklärung bis zur Revolution 1768 bis 1848 (Munich, 2006)Google Scholar; Kosi, Jernej, Kako je nastal slovenski narod: Začetki slovenskega nacionalnega gibanja v prvi polovici 19. stoletja [Imagining the Slovene Nation: A History of the Slovene National Movement in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century] (Ljubljana, 2013)Google Scholar; Stergar, Rok and Kosi, Jernej, “Kdaj so nastali ‘lubi Slovenci’? O identitetah v prednacionalni dobi in njihovi domnevni vlogi pri nastanku slovenskega naroda” [When Did ‘Dear Slovenes’ Come About? Identities in the Pre-National Period and Their Supposed Role in the Formation of the Slovene Nation], Zgodovinski časopis [Historical Review] 70 (2016): 458–88Google Scholar.

13 Maxwell, Alexander, Choosing Slovakia: Slavic Hungary, the Czechoslovak Language, and Accidental Nationalism (London, 2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

14 Pantelić, Bratislav, “Memories of a Time Forgotten: The Myth of the Perennial Nation,” Nations and Nationalism 17, no. 2 (2011): 443–64Google Scholar; Malešević, Siniša, “The Mirage of Balkan Piedmont: State Formation and Serbian Nationalisms in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries,” Nations and Nationalism 23, no. 1 (2017): 129–50Google Scholar. See also Trifunović, Bogdan, Memory of Old Serbia and the Shaping of Serbian Identity (Warsaw, 2015)Google Scholar.

15 Bjork, James, Neither German nor Pole: Catholicism and National Indifference in a Central European Borderland (Ann Arbor, 2008)Google Scholar; Bjork, James et al. , eds., Creating Nationality in Central Europe, 1880–1950: Modernity, Violence and Belonging in Upper Silesia (London, 2016)Google Scholar; Judson, Pieter M., Guardians of the Nation: Activists on the Language Frontiers of Imperial Austria (Cambridge, MA, 2006)Google Scholar; Judson, Pieter M., The Habsburg Empire: A New History (Cambridge, MA, 2016)Google Scholar; Struve, Kai, “Polish Peasants in Eastern Galicia—Indifferent to the Nation or Pillars of Polishness? National Attitudes in the Light of Józef Chałasiński's Collection of Peasant Youth Memoirs,” Acta Poloniae Historica 109 (2014): 37–59Google Scholar; Zahra, Tara, “Imagined Noncommunities: National Indifference as a Category of Analysis,” Slavic Review 69, no. 1 (2010): 93–119Google Scholar; Zahra, Tara, Kidnapped Souls: National Indifference and the Battle for Children in the Bohemian Lands, 1900–1948 (Ithaca, 2008)Google Scholar. See also the articles in the forum “Sites of Indifference to Nationhood,” Austrian History Yearbook 43 (2012): 21–137.

16 Cvirn, Janez, “Franc Reberšek: Pisma slovenskega vojaka iz I. svetovne vojne” [Franc Reberšek: A Slovene Soldier's First World War Correspondence], Borec 40 (1988): 767–814Google Scholar. Reberšek's attitude did not change at all after the Reichsrat reopened at the end of May 1917 and Slovene nationalist propaganda greatly intensified reaching the rank and file on the front. See Lukan, Walter, Die Habsburgermonarchie und die Slowenen im 1. Weltkrieg (Vienna, 2017), 127Google Scholar.

17 Cole, “Differentiation or Indifference?,” 97–98. On the varied and dynamic identifications of Italian-speaking soldiers from Trentino during World War I, see Antonelli, Quinto, I dimenticati della grande guerra: la memoria dei combattenti trentini, 1914–1920, 2nd ed. (Trento, 2014)Google Scholar; Bellezza, Simone Attilio, Tornare in Italia: Come i prigionieri trentini in Russia divennero Italiani (1914–1920) (Bologna, 2016)Google Scholar. I am grateful to Francesco Frizzera for drawing my attention to these two highly informative books. On Austro-Hungarian POWs in Russia, see also Iris (formerly Alon) Rachamimov, POWs and the Great War: Captivity on the Eastern Front (Oxford, 2002).

18 Cole, Laurence, Military Culture and Popular Patriotism in Late Imperial Austria (Oxford, 2014)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Unowsky, Daniel L. and Cole, Laurence, eds., The Limits of Loyalty: Imperial Symbolism, Popular Allegiances, and State Patriotism in the Late Habsburg Monarchy (New York, 2007)Google Scholar; Unowsky, Daniel L., The Pomp and Politics of Patriotism: Imperial Celebrations in Habsburg Austria, 1848–1916 (West Lafayette, 2005)Google Scholar.

19 Zajc, Marko, Kje se slovensko neha in hrvaško začne: slovensko-hrvaška meja v 19. in na začetku 20. stoletja [Where the Slovene Land Ends and the Croatian Begins: The Slovene-Croatian Border in the 19th and at the Beginning of the 20th Century] (Ljubljana, 2006)Google Scholar.

20 Leerssen, Joep, National Thought in Europe: A Cultural History (Amsterdam, 2006), 18Google Scholar. For alternative nationalisms and the open-endedness of nationalism, see Clewing, Konrad, Staatlichkeit und nationale Identitätsbildung: Dalmatien in Vormärz und Revolution (Munich, 2001)Google Scholar; Maxwell, Choosing Slovakia: Slavic Hungary, the Czechoslovak Language, and Accidental Nationalism; Reill, Dominique Kirchner, Nationalists Who Feared the Nation: Adriatic Multi-Nationalism in Habsburg Dalmatia, Trieste, and Venice (Stanford, 2012)Google Scholar.

21 Judson, “Where Our Commonality Is Necessary,” 3; Cf. Wawro, Geoffrey, A Mad Catastrophe: The Outbreak of World War I and the Collapse of the Habsburg Empire (New York, 2014), 15Google Scholar.

22 A video recording of the entire conference is available at “Identities, Categories of Identification, and Identifications between the Danube, the Alps, and the Adriatic,” Sistory Zgodovina Slovenije, accessed 28 Nov. 2017, http://hdl.handle.net/11686/37958.

23 Rozman, Franc, “Politično življenje Nemcev v Mariboru” [Political Life of Marburg/Maribor Germans], in Od Maribora do Trsta: zbornik referatov [From Maribor to Trieste: A Collection of Papers], eds. Friš, Darko and Rozman, Franc (Maribor, 1998), 54–55Google Scholar; Beneš, Jakub S., Workers and Nationalism: Czech and German Social Democracy in Habsburg Austria, 1890–1918 (Oxford, 2017)Google Scholar. I am grateful to Jernej Kosi for reminding me about the Rozman article.

24 Hajdarpasic, Edin, Whose Bosnia? Nationalism and Political Imagination in the Balkans, 1840–1914 (Ithaca, 2015)Google Scholar.