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145 results

Page 1 of 8

  • The effects and costs of an anti-bullying program (KiVa) in UK primary schools: a multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial

  • Lucy Bowes, Malavika Babu, Julia R. Badger, Matthew R. Broome, Rebecca Cannings-John, Suzy Clarkson, Elinor Coulman, Rhiannon Tudor Edwards, Tamsin Ford, Richard P. Hastings, Rachel Hayes, Fiona Lugg-Widger, Eleri Owen-Jones, Paul Patterson, Jeremy Segrott, Mia Sydenham, Julia Townson, Richard C. Watkins, Holly Whiteley, Margiad E. Williams, the Stand Together Team, Judy Hutchings
  • Journal:
    Psychological Medicine , First View
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 November 2024, pp. 1-12
    • Article
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  • Background

    Childhood bullying is a public health priority. We evaluated the effectiveness and costs of KiVa, a whole-school anti-bullying program that targets the peer context.

    Methods

    A two-arm pragmatic multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial with embedded economic evaluation. Schools were randomized to KiVa-intervention or usual practice (UP), stratified on school size and Free School Meals eligibility. KiVa was delivered by trained teachers across one school year. Follow-up was at 12 months post randomization. Primary outcome: student-reported bullying-victimization; secondary outcomes: self-reported bullying-perpetration, participant roles in bullying, empathy and teacher-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Outcomes were analyzed using multilevel linear and logistic regression models.

    Findings

    Between 8/11/2019–12/02/2021, 118 primary schools were recruited in four trial sites, 11 111 students in primary analysis (KiVa-intervention: n = 5944; 49.6% female; UP: n = 5167, 49.0% female). At baseline, 21.6% of students reported being bullied in the UP group and 20.3% in the KiVa-intervention group, reducing to 20.7% in the UP group and 17.7% in the KiVa-intervention group at follow-up (odds ratio 0.87; 95% confidence interval 0.78 to 0.97, p value = 0.009). Students in the KiVa group had significantly higher empathy and reduced peer problems. We found no differences in bullying perpetration, school wellbeing, emotional or behavioral problems. A priori subgroup analyses revealed no differences in effectiveness by socioeconomic gradient, or by gender. KiVa costs £20.78 more per pupil than usual practice in the first year, and £1.65 more per pupil in subsequent years.

    Interpretation

    The KiVa anti-bullying program is effective at reducing bullying victimization with small-moderate effects of public health importance.

    Funding

    The study was funded by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research program (17-92-11). Intervention costs were funded by the Rayne Foundation, GwE North Wales Regional School Improvement Service, Children's Services, Devon County Council and HSBC Global Services (UK) Ltd.

  • We need to talk about values: a proposed framework for the articulation of normative reasoning in health technology assessment

  • Victoria Charlton, Michael DiStefano, Polly Mitchell, Liz Morrell, Leah Rand, Gabriele Badano, Rachel Baker, Michael Calnan, Kalipso Chalkidou, Anthony Culyer, Daniel Howdon, Dyfrig Hughes, James Lomas, Catherine Max, Christopher McCabe, James F. O'Mahony, Mike Paulden, Zack Pemberton-Whiteley, Annette Rid, Paul Scuffham, Mark Sculpher, Koonal Shah, Albert Weale, Gry Wester
  • Journal:
    Health Economics, Policy and Law / Volume 19 / Issue 2 / April 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    27 September 2023, pp. 153-173
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  • It is acknowledged that health technology assessment (HTA) is an inherently value-based activity that makes use of normative reasoning alongside empirical evidence. But the language used to conceptualise and articulate HTA's normative aspects is demonstrably unnuanced, imprecise, and inconsistently employed, undermining transparency and preventing proper scrutiny of the rationales on which decisions are based. This paper – developed through a cross-disciplinary collaboration of 24 researchers with expertise in healthcare priority-setting – seeks to address this problem by offering a clear definition of key terms and distinguishing between the types of normative commitment invoked during HTA, thus providing a novel conceptual framework for the articulation of reasoning. Through application to a hypothetical case, it is illustrated how this framework can operate as a practical tool through which HTA practitioners and policymakers can enhance the transparency and coherence of their decision-making, while enabling others to hold them more easily to account. The framework is offered as a starting point for further discussion amongst those with a desire to enhance the legitimacy and fairness of HTA by facilitating practical public reasoning, in which decisions are made on behalf of the public, in public view, through a chain of reasoning that withstands ethical scrutiny.

  • 1 - Welcome to Brexit Britain

  • from Part I - The Short Term
  • Paul Whiteley, University of Essex, Harold D. Clarke, University of Texas, Dallas, Matthew Goodwin, University of Kent, Canterbury, Marianne C. Stewart, University of Texas, Dallas
  • Book:
    Brexit Britain
    Published online:
    25 April 2023
    Print publication:
    04 May 2023, pp 3-23

  • Summary

    In June 2016 the UK shocked the world by voting to leave the European Union. In our previous book (Brexit: Why Britain Voted to Leave the European Union) we told the story of what happened in the referendum and why it produced a leave vote. This book is a sequel to the earlier one and examines what happened after the decision was made looking at events up to the point that the UK formally left the EU in January 2020. This was a period of unprecedented political and electoral turmoil in British politics which for a period looked like it could shatter the party system. It encompassed three elections and three different Prime Ministers and unprecedented volatility in both Parliamentary and electoral politics. The book maps out the twists and turns of the Brexit process, both at the level of the political elites and among the mass public. It then goes on to examine the long-run antecedents of this momentous decision, using data that goes back more than fifty years. Finally, it speculates about the economic and poltical consequences of Brexit for the future, while taking into account the Covid Pandemic which itself added to the turmoil in British politics.

  • Postscript

  • Paul Whiteley, University of Essex, Harold D. Clarke, University of Texas, Dallas, Matthew Goodwin, University of Kent, Canterbury, Marianne C. Stewart, University of Texas, Dallas
  • Book:
    Brexit Britain
    Published online:
    25 April 2023
    Print publication:
    04 May 2023, pp 309-316

  • Summary

    In June 2016 the UK shocked the world by voting to leave the European Union. In our previous book (Brexit: Why Britain Voted to Leave the European Union) we told the story of what happened in the referendum and why it produced a leave vote. This book is a sequel to the earlier one and examines what happened after the decision was made looking at events up to the point that the UK formally left the EU in January 2020. This was a period of unprecedented political and electoral turmoil in British politics which for a period looked like it could shatter the party system. It encompassed three elections and three different Prime Ministers and unprecedented volatility in both Parliamentary and electoral politics. The book maps out the twists and turns of the Brexit process, both at the level of the political elites and among the mass public. It then goes on to examine the long-run antecedents of this momentous decision, using data that goes back more than fifty years. Finally, it speculates about the economic and poltical consequences of Brexit for the future, while taking into account the Covid Pandemic which itself added to the turmoil in British politics.

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