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Fluctuations in the immediate, physical environment will produce a shift in the direction of selection. Populations will be sorted according to the new conditions.
So-called 'living fossils' provide a clue to the past. Five prominent mass extinctions are recognised often with changes in the rate or timing of developmental events.
Organisms function on various levels from the whole organism to the molecular. The beginnings of Life are marked by the appearance of self-replicating and catalytic molecules.
An evolutionary narrative is often thought to begin with Charles Darwin, but historically evolutionary ideas have been with us for at least two millennia. Current reckoning is that there are 14 species of finches on the Galapagos. Darwin landed on four of the islands during his five-week stay (although he saw many more as the Beagle criss-crossed the archipelago).
Ernst Mayr participated in several evolutionary movements - the early Darwinian paradigm, the Evolutionary (or Modern) synthesis of the 1940s and the genomic paradigm. In a personal reflection, Mayr states 'new research has one most encouraging message for the active evolutionist: it is that evolutionary biology is an endless frontier and there is still plenty to be discovered'.