We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.
Cambridge Core ecommerce is unavailable Sunday 08/12/2024 from 08:00 – 18:00 (GMT). This is due to site maintenance. We apologise for any inconvenience.
To save content items to your account,
please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies.
If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account.
Find out more about saving content to .
To save content items to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org
is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings
on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part
of your Kindle email address below.
Find out more about saving to your Kindle.
Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations.
‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi.
‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.
Rigorous scientific review of research protocols is critical to making funding decisions, and to the protection of both human and non-human research participants. Given the increasing complexity of research designs and data analysis methods, quantitative experts, such as biostatisticians, play an essential role in evaluating the rigor and reproducibility of proposed methods. However, there is a common misconception that a statistician’s input is relevant only to sample size/power and statistical analysis sections of a protocol. The comprehensive nature of a biostatistical review coupled with limited guidance on key components of protocol review motived this work. Members of the Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design Special Interest Group of the Association for Clinical and Translational Science used a consensus approach to identify the elements of research protocols that a biostatistician should consider in a review, and provide specific guidance on how each element should be reviewed. We present the resulting review framework as an educational tool and guideline for biostatisticians navigating review boards and panels. We briefly describe the approach to developing the framework, and we provide a comprehensive checklist and guidance on review of each protocol element. We posit that the biostatistical reviewer, through their breadth of engagement across multiple disciplines and experience with a range of research designs, can and should contribute significantly beyond review of the statistical analysis plan and sample size justification. Through careful scientific review, we hope to prevent excess resource expenditure and risk to humans and animals on poorly planned studies.
Colleges and universities around the world engaged diverse strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Baylor University, a community of ˜22,700 individuals, was 1 of the institutions which resumed and sustained operations. The key strategy was establishment of multidisciplinary teams to develop mitigation strategies and priority areas for action. This population-based team approach along with implementation of a “Swiss Cheese” risk mitigation model allowed small clusters to be rapidly addressed through testing, surveillance, tracing, isolation, and quarantine. These efforts were supported by health protocols including face coverings, social distancing, and compliance monitoring. As a result, activities were sustained from August 1 to December 8, 2020. There were 62,970 COVID-19 tests conducted with 1435 people testing positive for a positivity rate of 2.28%. A total of 1670 COVID-19 cases were identified with 235 self-reports. The mean number of tests per week was 3500 with approximately 80 of these positive (11/d). More than 60 student tracers were trained with over 120 personnel available to contact trace, at a ratio of 1 per 400 university members. The successes and lessons learned provide a framework and pathway for similar institutions to mitigate the ongoing impacts of COVID-19 and sustain operations during a global pandemic.
This collection of essays pays tribute to Nancy Freeman Regalado, a ground-breaking scholar in the field of medieval French literature whose research has always pushed beyond disciplinary boundaries. The articles in the volume reflect the depth and diversity of her scholarship, as well as her collaborations with literary critics, philologists, historians, art historians, musicologists, and vocalists - in France, England, and the United States. Inspired by her most recent work, these twenty-four essays are tied together by a single question, rich in ramifications: how does performance shape our understanding of medieval and pre-modern literature and culture, whether the nature of that performance is visual, linguistic, theatrical, musical, religious, didactic, socio-political, or editorial? The studies presented here invite us to look afresh at the interrelationship of audience, author, text, and artifact, to imagine new ways of conceptualizing the creation, transmission, and reception of medieval literature, music, and art.
EGLAL DOSS-QUINBY is Professor of French at Smith College; ROBERTA L. KRUEGER is Professor of French at Hamilton College; E. JANE BURNS is Professor of Women's Studies and Adjunct Professor of Comparative Literature at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Contributors: ANNE AZÉMA, RENATE BLUMENFELD-KOSINSKI, CYNTHIA J. BROWN, ELIZABETH A. R. BROWN, MATILDA TOMARYN BRUCKNER, E. JANE BURNS, ARDIS BUTTERFIELD, KIMBERLEE CAMPBELL, ROBERT L. A. CLARK, MARK CRUSE, KATHRYN A. DUYS, ELIZABETH EMERY, SYLVIA HUOT, MARILYN LAWRENCE, KATHLEEN A. LOYSEN, LAURIE POSTLEWATE, EDWARD H. ROESNER, SAMUEL N. ROSENBERG, LUCY FREEMAN SANDLER, PAMELA SHEINGORN, HELEN SOLTERER, JANE H. M. TAYLOR, EVELYN BIRGE VITZ, LORI J. WALTERS, AND MICHEL ZINK.
As duchess of Brittany [1491-1514] and twice queen of France [1491-98; 1498-1514], Anne de Bretagne set a benchmark by which to measure the status of female authority in Europe at the dawn of the Renaissance. Although at times a traditional political pawn, when men who ruled her life were involved in reshaping European alliances, Anne was directly or indirectly involved with the principal political and religious European leaders of her time and helped define the cultural landscape of her era. Taking a variety of cross-disciplinary perspectives, these ten essays by art historians, literary specialists, historians, and political scientists contribute to the ongoing discussion of Anne de Bretagne and seek to prompt further investigations into her cultural and political impact. At the same time, they offer insight of a broader nature into related areas of intellectual interest - patronage, the history of the book, the power and definition of queenship and the interpretation of politico-cultural documents and court spectacles - thereby confirming the extensive nature of Anne's legacy.
CYNTHIA J. BROWN is Professor of French at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Elizabeth A. R. Brown provides below a list of Anne's children, based on Patrick Van Kerrebrouck, Les Valois (pp. 157–9, 166–7).
With Charles VIII (30 June 1470–7 April 1498)
Charles-Orland, dauphin of Viennois (10 Oct. 1492–16 Dec. 1495), buried at Saint-Martin of Tours.
Unnamed (Aug. 1493), buried at Notre-Dame of Cléry.
Unnamed (March 1495).
Charles, dauphin of Viennois (8 Sept. 1496–2 Oct. 1496), buried at Saint-Martin of Tours.
François, dauphin of Viennois (1497), buried at Saint-Martin of Tours.
Anne (20 March 1498), buried at Saint-Martin of Tours.
With Louis XII (27 June 1462–1 Jan. 1515)
Claude, duchess of Brittany, countess of Blois (13 Oct. 1499–20 July 1524), married 18 May 1514 to François, duke of Valois and Milan, count of Angoulême, the future François Ier (12 Sept. 1494–31 March 1547), crowned queen of France 10 May 1517, buried at Saint-Denis.
Unnamed (21 Jan. 1503), perhaps buried at Blois.
Renée, duchess of Chartres, countess of Gisors (25 Oct. 1510–12 June 1575), married 10 Feb. 1528 to Hercule of Este, duke of Ferrara (4 April 1508–3 Oct. 1560); buried at Montargis.
The subject of this article is the emphasis placed upon doctrine by the Parisian publisher Anthoine Vérard in the 1497 edition of Christine de Pizan's Trésor de la cité des dames [Treasury of the City of Ladies] that he dedicated to Anne de Bretagne. This emphasis is noticeable both at the beginning of the text and in the dedication miniature heading that text. I am interested in the ways in which Vérard reframes Christine's original use of doctrine in order to promote his own commercial success. The reigning expert on Vérard, Mary Beth Winn, observes that with over 280 editions to his credit, his record of productivity is an enviable achievement for any publisher of his time or ours. By 1497, the book trade had already made Vérard a wealthy man. I argue that through his manipulation of the term and the visual representation of doctrine, Vérard positions himself as intermediary between Christine and Anne. In so doing, he establishes himself as a propagator of Christian doctrine to the French monarchy, headed at this time by King Charles VIII and his wife Anne, ‘royne de France tres chrestienne’ [most Christian queen of France], as the publisher calls her in his dedication. While displacing Christine's authority, Vérard also collaborates with it, precisely by continuing her efforts to establish a solid basis for the ‘most Christian’ monarchy in the enduring virtue of its ladies. The publisher would be encouraging Anne to reform herself and her court according to the doctrine, that is to say, teaching, provided to her by himself, by her confessors, and by former advisors to royalty such as Christine de Pizan (c.1364–c.1430) and Jean Gerson (1364–1429). Acclaimed as the ‘doctor christianissimus’ [most Christian doctor], Gerson was the Parisian theologian and preacher who had joined forces with Christine in censuring the Roman de la Rose (hereafter Rose). I contend that several generations later, Vérard forged his own intellectual alliance with Christine, and that this alliance played a large part in assuring his commercial success.
Doctrine in Vérard's Trésor de la cité des dames
The Trésor de la cité des dames (hereafter Trésor) is Vérard's version of the text that Christine had called Le Livre des Trois Vertus [The Book of the Three Virtues].
Edited by
Rebecca Dixon, Lecturer in French Studies, University of Manchester,Finn E. Sinclair, Research Associate, University of Cambridge; Fellow in French, Girton College, Cambridge
[To God and to a bitter death goes Jesus, seeing his sweet mother. Thus we must through penitence have remembrance of this sorrow.]
My chapter takes up where Mishtooni Bose's leaves off, with a consideration of Jean Gerson's vernacular poetry. You have an example inscribed above in a quatrain of Gerson's own invention, with which he opens his sevenhour- long 1403 Good Friday sermon. Although the bulk of Gerson's corpus is in Latin, he did write two volumes’ worth of tracts, sermons, and poems in French, forming a hefty corpus had he written nothing else. The texts of Gerson's contemporary Christine de Pizan are exclusively in the vernacular. Although not as prolific a writer as Gerson, Christine's productions nonetheless constitute a weighty stack, numbering some forty texts in a variety of genres – lyric poetry, biography, mirrors for princes and princesses, and more topical political tracts. Although Gerson's Latin works far outnumber his French ones, the fact that he would use a quatrain he had composed himself to structure and animate arguably the most popular of his many sermons is a trustworthy indicator of his high regard for the potential uses of vernacular poetry.
In this chapter I develop further the notion, as explained by Bose, that Gerson distinguishes carmen from poema, suggesting that the former can be equated with the song of an elevated and culturally sanctioned kind (the Psalms being the model), whereas the latter is the more general term for fictive discourse, and is less positively regarded. I argue that both Gerson and Christine attempt to raise their vernacular poetry to the level that Gerson prescribes for Latin carmina. Specifically, I relate Christine's poems which have the Psalms as model to those composed by Gerson. I claim as well that Gerson's French poetry played a central role in realizing two of his lifelong aims: healing divisions within France, and promoting the country, with himself as its chief mouthpiece, as the spokesperson for a united Christianity.
