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349 results

Page 1 of 18

  • 2 - Ancient Peace Treaties and International Law
  • from Part I - Historical Dimensions to Peace Settlement Practice
  • Edited by Marc Weller, University of Cambridge, Mark Retter, University of Cambridge, Andrea Varga, University of Cambridge
  • Book: International Law and Peace Settlements
  • Published online: 14 January 2021
  • Print publication: 04 February 2021, pp 31-45
  • View extract

    Summary

    In this chapter I begin by examining some of the earliest legal documents to have been found, vassal treaties from the middle of the third millennium BCE. In the second section I analyze the most famous ancient “international” treaty: that struck between Egypt and the Hittite Kingdom in the second millennium BCE. In the third section I begin to explore the idea of compliance to treaties in the ancient world. In the fourth section I explore the specific use of oaths and threats as self-help in enforcement of ancient treaties. And in the final section, I discuss how trust was understood and encouraged in ancient times.

  • 6 - Class, Legal Status, and Equality
  • from Section II - Freedom, Equality, and Legal Status
  • Larry May, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
  • Book: Ancient Legal Thought
  • Published online: 31 May 2019
  • Print publication: 30 May 2019, pp 98-114
  • View extract

    Summary

    It is often said that the Babylonian laws, especially the Laws of Hammurabi, are not as humane as other ancient laws such as the laws of the Bible, because Hammurabi’s laws track hierarchical social status rather than treating all equally before the law.

  • 20 - Homicide and Pollution
  • from Section VII - Responsibility and Punishment
  • Larry May, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
  • Book: Ancient Legal Thought
  • Published online: 31 May 2019
  • Print publication: 30 May 2019, pp 321-338
  • View extract

    Summary

    This chapter is about the origins of criminal law in ancient times. It is often claimed that ancient societies lack a conception of crime – treating all harms as civil wrongs (what we call “torts” today).

  • 11 - Ancient Treaties and Trust
  • from Section IV - International Justice
  • Larry May, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
  • Book: Ancient Legal Thought
  • Published online: 31 May 2019
  • Print publication: 30 May 2019, pp 187-204
  • View extract

    Summary

    What is characteristic of some of international law is that there are rules that are seen to apply to most States, at least in a significant region of the world, and the rules have a bindingness that extends beyond the particular borders of those States.

  • 19 - Causation and Responsibility
  • from Section VII - Responsibility and Punishment
  • Larry May, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
  • Book: Ancient Legal Thought
  • Published online: 31 May 2019
  • Print publication: 30 May 2019, pp 305-320
  • View extract

    Summary

    One of the most metaphysically fraught concepts in legal thought is causation. Yet, despite being published in ancient Athens, the Tetralogies (attributed to Antiphon) provide a fascinating account of causation that even legal theorists today can appreciate.

  • 44 - The Origins of the Just War Doctrine
  • from Section XVI - Universal Law at the End of Ancient Times
  • Larry May, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
  • Book: Ancient Legal Thought
  • Published online: 31 May 2019
  • Print publication: 30 May 2019, pp 666-678
  • View extract

    Summary

    In light of the move toward an acceptance of universal law at the end of the ancient period, we also can find very clear expressions of the Just War doctrine, the view that only some wars were morally justified on very limited grounds, which were spelled out in detail.

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