This work charts the political, organizational, and ideological development of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad movement from its birth in the early 1980s through to the era of the Oslo Accords. Hatina examines the movement's growth in three stages: first, a period of political indoctrination (1981–83) in which the organization was established by a group of Gazan academics led by Fathi Abd al-Aziz al-Shiqaqi, a medical doctor, which spread the message of “militant Islam” through mosques and universities and also built a network of underground cells; second, a phase of armed confrontation (1984–87), when the movement shifted to a policy of military struggle, undertaking a series of attacks against Israeli military and civilian targets; and third, the Intifada and the transfer of the movement's center to Lebanon and Syria as “the mantle of leadership in the Islamic camp in early 1988 clearly shifted to Hamas” (p. 39) and the Islamic Jihad leadership was expelled by Israeli authorities.