Sociobiology has ignored the results of psychology, which is
the discipline between biology and society. Campbell's target
article fills some of the gaps beautifully, but the fact that
women's direct and physical aggression has increased during
the past 20 years, undermines Campbell's evolutionary
explanation of female aggression. The two classical types of
theoretical explanations of aggression are that (1) aggression
is a drive and (2) aggression is instrumental behavior. Expressive
aggression, assumed to be typical of women, is no more drive
aggression than is men's aggression.