Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-hfldf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-13T10:30:51.464Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Rural Childhood in New Zealand: A Unique Site of Children's Agency and Social Participation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 October 2016

Mary Ann Powell*
Affiliation:
Centre for Children and Young People, Southern Cross University, NSW, Australia
Anne B. Smith
Affiliation:
Centre for Children and Young People, Southern Cross University, NSW, Australia; and University of Otago College of Education, Dunedin, New Zealand
Nicola Taylor
Affiliation:
Children's Issues Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
*
address for correspondence: Dr Mary Ann Powell, Centre for Children & Young People, Southern Cross University, Lismore Campus, Military Road, Lismore, NSW, 2430, Australia. E-mail: maryann.powell@scu.edu.au

Abstract

This article reports on a qualitative research study that explored the perspectives and lived experiences of children in a range of New Zealand rural environments. Thirty-six children, aged between 6 and 11 years, were interviewed about living in the country and also contributed artwork and photographs. They came from four specific rural locations, ranging from ‘rural with high urban influence’ to ‘highly rural/remote’. Children expressed positive views about aspects of rural living, such as opportunities for being outdoors and participating in social relationships, confirming a positive discourse of the rural idyll. Their accounts highlighted children's agency under complex and sometimes challenging conditions. Children also, however, experienced some aspects of rural life as dull, dangerous or difficult. The complex and nuanced constructions of rural childhood uncovered in this study point to the critical importance of consulting with children in order to understand their experiences and best meet the needs of rural children and families.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alessio, D. (2008). Promoting paradise. New Zealand Journal of History, 42 (1), 2241.Google Scholar
Baxter, J., Hayes, A., & Gray, M. (2011). Families in regional, rural and remote Australia (Facts Sheet). Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies.Google Scholar
Beeton, S. (2004). Rural tourism in Australia - Has the gaze altered? Tracking rural images through film and tourism promotion. International Journal of Tourism Research, 6 (3), 125134.Google Scholar
Bell, C. (1997). The ‘real’ New Zealand: Rural mythologies perpetuated and commodified. The Social Science Journal, 34 (2), 145158.Google Scholar
Campbell, M. (2008). Kids on quads: Responding to rural risks. Social Policy Journal of New Zealand, 34, 124135.Google Scholar
Cummins, H. (2009). Rural children's perceptions of life on the land in Southwestern Ontario. The Canadian Geographer, 53 (1), 6383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, J., & Ridge, T. (1997). Same scenery, different lifestyle: Rural children on a low income. London: The Children's Society.Google Scholar
Derr, T. (2005). ‘Sometimes birds sound like fish’: Perspectives on children's place experiences. In Spencer, C. & Blades, M. (Eds.), Children and their environments: Learning, using and designing spaces (pp. 108123). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Driscoll, C. (2014). Nowhere to go, nothing to do: Place, desire and country girlhood. Girlhood Studies, 7 (1), 121137.Google Scholar
Dunkley, C., & Panelli, R. (2007). ‘Preppy-jocks’, ‘rednecks’, ‘stoners’, and ‘scum’: Power and youth social groups in rural Vermont. In Panelli, R., Punch, S., & Robson, E. (Eds.), Global perspectives on rural childhood and youth: Young rural lives (pp. 165178). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Fairburn, M. (1975). The rural myth and the new urban frontier. New Zealand Journal of History, 9 (1), 316.Google Scholar
Giddings, R., & Yarwood, R. (2005). Growing up, going out and growing out of the countryside: Childhood experiences in rural England. Children's Geographies, 3 (1), 101114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodyear, R. (1998). ‘Sunshine and fresh air’: An oral history of childhood and family in interwar New Zealand, with some comparisons to interwar Britain. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History at the University of Otago, Dunedin.Google Scholar
Grbich, C. (2007). Qualitative data analysis: An introduction. London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Holloway, S., & Valentine, G. (2000). Children's geographies and the new social studies of childhood. In Holloway, S., & Valentine, G. (Eds.), Children's geographies: Playing, living, learning (pp. 128). Routledge, London.Google Scholar
James, A., & James, A. (2008). Key concepts in childhood studies. London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Jones, O. (1997). Little figures, big shadows: country childhood stories. In Cloke, P. & Little, J. (Eds.), Contested countryside cultures (pp. 158179). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Jones, O. (2000). Melting geography: Purity, disorder, childhood and space. In Holloway, S. & Valentine, G. (Eds.), Children's geographies: Playing, living, learning (pp. 2947). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Kraak, A., & Kenway, J. (2002). Place, time and stigmatised youthful identities: Bad boys in paradise. Journal of Rural Studies, 18 (2), 145155.Google Scholar
Krauss, S. (2005). Research paradigms and meaning making: A primer. The Qualitative Report, 10 (4), 758770.Google Scholar
Lee, J., & Abbott, R. (2009). Physical activity and rural young people's sense of place. Children's Geographies, 7 (2), 191208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levison, D., & Murray-Close, M. (2005). Challenges in determining how child work affects child health. Public Health Reports, 120 (6), 614621.Google Scholar
Liamputtong, P. (2009). Qualitative research methods (3rd ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
MacDougall, C., Schiller, W., & Darbyshire, P. (2009). What are our boundaries and where can we play? Perspectives from eight- to ten-year-old Australian metropolitan and rural children. Early Child Development and Care, 179 (2), 189204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matthews, H., Taylor, M., Sherwood, K., Tucker, F., & Limb, M. (2000). Growing-up in the countryside: Children and the rural idyll. Journal of Rural Studies, 16 (2), 141153.Google Scholar
Matthews, H., & Tucker, F. (2007). On both sides of the tracks: British rural teenagers’ views on their ruralities. In Panelli, R., Punch, S., & Robson, E. (Eds.), Global perspectives on rural childhood and youth: Young rural lives (pp. 95106). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
McCormack, J. (2002). Children's understandings of rurality: Exploring the interrelationship between experience and understanding. Journal of Rural Studies, 18 (2), 193207.Google Scholar
McKendrick, J. (2000). The geography of children. Childhood, 7 (3), 359387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moosa-Mitha, M. (2005). A difference-centred alternative to theorization of children's citizenship rights. Citizenship Studies, 9 (4), 369388.Google Scholar
Nairn, K., Panelli, R., & McCormack, J. (2003). Destabilising dualisms: Young people's experiences of rural and urban environments. Childhood, 10 (1), 942.Google Scholar
Panelli, R., Nairn, K., & McCormack, J. (2002). “We make our own fun”: Reading the politics of youth with(in) community. Sociologia Ruralis, 42 (2), 106130.Google Scholar
Panelli, R., Punch, S., & Robson, E. (2007). From difference to dialogue: Conceptualizing global perspectives on rural childhood and youth. In Panelli, R., Punch, S., & Robson, E. (Eds.), Global perspectives on rural childhood and youth: Young rural lives (pp. 114). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Phillips, J. (1987). A man's country? The image of the Pakeha male-A history. Auckland: Penguin.Google Scholar
Phillips, J. (2009). Rural mythologies. Te Ara – The encyclopaedia of New Zealand, updated 10-Dec-09. Retrieved from http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/TheSettledLandscape/CountryLife/RuralMythologies/en.Google Scholar
Powell, M., Taylor, N. & Smith, A. B. (2013). Constructions of rural childhood: Challenging dominant perspectives, Children's Geographies, 11 (1), 117131.Google Scholar
Prout, A., & James, A. (1990). A new paradigm for the sociology of childhood?: Provenance, promise and problems. In James, A. & Prout, A. (Eds.), Constructing and reconstructing childhood: New directions in the sociological study of childhood (pp. 733). London: Falmer Press.Google Scholar
Punch, S. (2001). Negotiating autonomy: Childhoods in rural Bolivia. In Alanen, L., & Mayall, B. (Eds.), Conceptualizing child-adult relations (pp. 2336). London: Routledge Farmer.Google Scholar
Riley, M. (2009). ‘The next link in the chain’: Children, agri-business practices and the family farm. Children's Geographies, 7 (3), 245260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robson, E., Bell, S., & Klocker, N. (2007). Conceptualizing agency in the lives and actions of rural young people. In Panelli, R., Punch, S., & Robson, E., (Eds.), Global perspectives on rural childhood and youth: Young rural lives (pp.135148). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Smith, A. B., & Bjerke, H. (2009). Conceptualising children as citizens. In Taylor, N. & Smith, A. B. (Eds.), Children as citizens? International voices (pp. 1534). Dunedin: Otago University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, L., Smith, G., Boler, M., Kempton, M., Ormond, A., Chueh, H., & Waetford, R. (2002). “Do you guys hate Aucklanders too?” Youth: voicing difference from the rural heartland. Journal of Rural Studies, 18 (2), 169178.Google Scholar
Spencer, C., & Blades, M. (2006). Children and their environments. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Statistics New Zealand (2004). New Zealand: An urban/rural profile. Retrieved from http://www.stats.govt.nz/urban-rural-profiles/default.htm.Google Scholar
Statistics New Zealand (2009). 2006 Census. Retrieved from http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2006CensusHomePage.aspx.Google Scholar
Taylor, N., & Smith, A. B. (2009). Children as citizens? International voices. Dunedin: Otago University Press.Google Scholar
Toynbee, C. (1995). Her work and his: Family, kin and community in New Zealand 1900–1930. Wellington: Victoria University Press.Google Scholar
Tucker, F. (2003). Sameness or difference? Exploring girls’ use of recreational space. Children's Geographies, 1 (1), 111124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valentine, G. (1997). A safe place to grow up? Parenting, perceptions of children's safety and the rural idyll. Journal of Rural Studies, 13 (2), 137148.Google Scholar
Valentine, G., Holloway, S., Knell, C., & Jayne, M. (2008). Drinking places: Young people and cultures of alcohol consumption in rural environments. Journal of Rural Studies, 24 (1), 2840.Google Scholar
Zepeda, L., & Kim, J. (2006). Farm parents’ view on their children's labour on family farms: A focus group study of Wisconsin dairy farmers. Agriculture and Human Values, 23 (1), 109121.Google Scholar