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Quantifying episodic erosion and transient storage on the western margin of the Tibetan Plateau, upper Indus River

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 November 2017

Tara N. Jonell ,
Lewis A. Owen ,
Andrew Carter ,
Jean-Luc Schwenniger  and
Peter D. Clift
Tara N. Jonell*
Affiliation:
School of Geosciences, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana 70504, USA Department of Geology and Geophysics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
Lewis A. Owen
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
Andrew Carter
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck College, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
Jean-Luc Schwenniger
Affiliation:
Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom
Peter D. Clift
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Geophysics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
*
*Corresponding author at: School of Geosciences, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana 70504, USA. E-mail address: tara.jonell@louisiana.edu (T.N. Jonell).
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Abstract

Transient storage and erosion of valley fills, or sediment buffering, is a fundamental but poorly quantified process that may significantly bias fluvial sediment budgets and marine archives used for paleoclimatic and tectonic reconstructions. Prolific sediment buffering is now recognized to occur within the mountainous upper Indus River headwaters and is quantified here for the first time using optically stimulated luminescence dating, petrography, detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology, and morphometric analysis to define the timing, provenance, and volumes of prominent valley fills. This study finds that climatically modulated sediment buffering occurs over 103–104 yr time scales and results in biases in sediment compositions and volumes. Increased sediment storage coincides with strong phases of summer monsoon and winter westerlies precipitation over the late Pleistocene (32–25 ka) and mid-Holocene (~8–6 ka), followed by incision and erosion with monsoon weakening. Glacial erosion and periglacial frost-cracking drive sediment production, and monsoonal precipitation mediates sediment evacuation, in contrast to the arid Transhimalaya and monsoonal frontal Himalaya. Plateau interior basins, although volumetrically large, lack transport capacity and are consequently isolated from the modern Indus River drainage. Marginal plateau catchments that both efficiently produce and evacuate sediment may regulate the overall compositions and volumes of exported sediment from the Himalayan rain shadow.

Keywords

RiverTerraceProvenanceHimalayaIndusMonsoonZanskar
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 89 , Issue 1: Tribute to Daniel Livingstone and Paul Colinvaux , January 2018 , pp. 281 - 306
Copyright
Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2017 

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