During the course of researches upon the Cainozoic faunas of Burma, Pakistan, India, and Ceylon, the writer has compiled a list of all the species that have been recorded, and has assessed the accuracy of the information from the points of view of both specific identification and age. As a consequence, he has been led to believe that current opinions as to the ages of certain horizons may have to be modified, and that in other cases the evidence of age is much less certain than was believed. The faunas here discussed are those of the Miocene beds of Ceylon, of the Quilon limestone, of the Pliocene of Karikal, and of the Cuddalore sandstones.

A synopsis is given of the most recent developments from micropalaeontological research on the coal-bearing Upper Carboniferous (Namurian C—Westphalian C) of Westphalia. The hope is expressed that a wider use of the technique of breaking down the mudstones into mud and isolating the fossils will, in conjunction with the important palaeontological results obtained in the English coal-basins, facilitate correlation between the Upper Carboniferous (Westphalian A to C) of England and Germany; also that the same technique will enable deep borings to be correlated in greater detail.

Dr. Bartenstein's results show considerable progress in the recognition of marine horizons within the belt of Westphalian strata lying between the Sarnsbank Coal Gastrioceras subcrenatum Marine Band and the Katharina Anthracoceras vanderbeckei Marine Band. Kukuk (1938, pp. 166–171) recognized in this stratal belt but twelve marine or Lingula horizons, whereas the author from his foraminiferal finds in the same strata adds evidence of six more marine incursions in Westphalia.

Graptolites found on the east side of Newport Bay, Pembrokeshire, support the original interpretation of the 1857 edition of the one-inch geological map of the area that the rocks there are of Ordovician age and not Silurian as shown in more recent maps.

Perisphinctes listeri (de Haan). 1825. from the Corallian Beds, and Titanites cingulatus (de Haan), 1825, from the Portland Beds, are valid species that have been overlooked. The original figures on which they were based are reproduced.

Various ways in which Lower Carboniferous reef limestones have accumulated are described, and terms defining them are introduced. Regional sedimentation, lithology, structure, fauna, and erosion history are kept separate in the discussion. The reef limestones of Northern England are briefly reviewed in the light of this classification.

An outlier of the Bagshot Series occurs at St. Ann' Hill, Chertsey, where beds of the Bagshot, Bracklesham, and Barton sub-divisions are exposed. The division into these beds by pebble bed junctions is suggested. Heavy mineral analyses using percentages of fresh and abraded grains of three indicator minerals, viz. tourmaline, rutile, and zircon, suggests that the divisions postulated are justified.

Five new trilobites from the Girvan district are recorded and described. A new Proetus is remarkable for the great width of the anterior shield, the squat glabella, and the great length of the genal spines. Another small proetid is referred to Kegel's subgenus Cyphoproetus. The genus Asaphus is rare in the Girvan district, and beyond a thorax and an incomplete anterior shield from the Drummuck Group of Lady Burn (Ashgillian) the only record appears to be of three species of Asaphus (Isotelus) from the Balclatchie Group. Recently three pygidia of Asaphus, which may be referrable to Raymond's doubtful genus Homotelus, have been found in the Orthis confinis beds at Minuntion, Barr Series (Caradoc) The most interesting find is probably a new species of the hitherto monospecific genus Teratorhynchus.

William Lonsdale's associations with Sedgwick, Murchison. and Darwin are noted and his inference that the “transition series” was Devonian age, derived in 1837 from a study of fossil corals, is interpreted as an unique contribution to the belief that “species undergo modification”. As the first applied evolutionist, it is argued that he belongs on the list of important early contributors to the theory of evolution.

Excavations in Upper Teesdale, N. Yorks, exposed basement Carboniferous at its unconformable contact with underlying shales of probable Silurian age. The lowest basement beds are tough conglomerates cut by compression joints. The constituent pebbles are unsorted, locally derived, and mainly andesites and rhyolites, with vein quartz and shale pebbles. A dreikanter outline is common. The conglomerate is contrasted with others also between the Carboniferous and Lower Palaeozoic in England.