From a physical chemistry standpoint, the steel industry uses energy and emits greenhouse gases to make steel and byproducts. In the case of slag, which is sold and substitutes for natural resources, ironmaking and steelmaking processes are more efficient. This certainly sheds a new light on the CO2 intensity of products made from slag.

The behaviour of dioxin in several arc furnaces was studied in detail in relation with the specifications for various types of organic and inorganic gas. After a pilot plant study has been carried out to know the effect of secondary combustion and rapid cooling on the reduction of dioxin in the arc fumace, ways to lower dioxin below regulation levels were proposed. To understand the reactions, laboratory studies and thermodynamic calculations have been done.

A new technology for separating and recovering iron and zinc from EAF exhaust gases is proposed. The process is composed of a coke bed filter and a new type of zinc condenser. Iron and slag components in the exhaust gas are collected in the coke bed filter. In this paper, the theoretical background and numerical analysis of the characteristics of the coke bed filter are introduced, and the experimental results concerning the collection of iron and slag components in a bench-scale coke bed filter are reported.

IRIS is a new gate-unit control system, based on the accurate detection of slag carryover during converter tapping. This detection is obtained by analysis of the pictures delivered by an infrared camera. This novel system offers a number of advantages in comparison with conventional electromagnetic systems, as well from the point of view of metallurgy as of productivity. IRIS is now installed at all three converters of voestalpine, but can also equip electric furnaces.

The behaviour of argon gas bubbles in the CC machine is described in the present ECSC project involving Irsid-TKS-CSM. Several approaches are combined and compared, namely water and numerical simulations, which show the same trends as observed on products. Process improvements could be defined in relation with the defects linked to argon gas in the tundish nozzles.

This report, a conclusion of a VDEh working group, has the aim to show that a 100% inspection at a suitable stage of the whole production line is necessary to reach the “zero-defect”. This work should lead to a better understanding by the customers and steel consumers of the limits, which are achievable with the current techniques in connexion with the discussion about the “zero-defect”.

Discontinuities of microstructure in steels induce stress concentrations. Microplasticity is the plasticity which exists locally at these stress concentrations, whereas the remainder of the material is in the elastic domain. The microplasticity threshold is the nominal stress in uniaxial loading from which microplasticity exists. During fatigue tests, this threshold has been determined for the 304 L stainless steel by measurements of temperature variations, informations derived from hysteresis loops, observations of microstructure at the surface of polished specimens. The microplasticity threshold of the studied material is between 60 and 75 MPa.

Assuming an equi-incremental mechanical work in each constituent in an intermediate mixture law, this article shows how this assumption avoids any arbitrary fitting parameter on the contrary of classical variants and focuses on the interest of this approach through comparison with other modelling methods as Taylor, Sachs and self-consistent theories.

In 1900, the blast furnaces of Saint-Louis were the only ones in France still producing ferromanganese. As the French steel mills became more and more located in Lorraine, a new production site for ferromanganese was looked for in northern France. At the Channel coast, the recently modernized blast furnaces of Outreau wanted to diversify their fabrications. The two companies came to an agreement and the ferromanganese activity was transferred to this site with great industrial and commercial success. In 1906, a blast furnace moved from Marseille was started up at Outreau as a ferromanganese furnace.