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Tracking Applications: A Factor of Mithridatism of Personal Data and Privacy in the Post-COVID-19 Era

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 May 2020

Anastasios Apostolos*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
Konstantinos Apostolos
Affiliation:
Law School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to Anastasios Apostolos, Rododafnis 6B, 14569, Anixi, Attica, Greece (e-mail: anastasisapostolos@gmail.com).
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Abstract

Type
Letter to the Editor
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
Copyright © 2020 Society for Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Inc.

During 2020, humanity is facing an extraordinary, unknown enemy, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This novel coronavirus is the cause of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which has resulted in millions of confirmed cases and thousands of deaths. The control of an unprecedented outbreak demands a plethora of comprehensive measures to be adopted, such as thermal scanning, tracking applications, and devices. However, the consequences of the usage of these solutions cannot be predictable a priori, especially their impact on civil rights and liberties.

Bearing this in mind, it is critical to emphasize the impact of tracking applications or devices for COVID-19 on personal data. Their purpose is to alert users about the possibility of having personal encounters with a suspected or confirmed case of the novel coronavirus.

Apple and Google have announced their collaboration for launching such an application, based on Bluetooth information exchange. 1 Meanwhile, the Australian Government has encouraged millions of citizens to install Bluetooth-based COVIDSafe application, which records when the user comes within 1.5 meters with a suspected case. 2 Based on relevant technology, tracking wristbands are scrutinized in numerous countries, in order to get utilized widely, after the lockdown termination. 3

Although the exploitation of the results of tracking systems may prove to be a precious means for COVID-19 containment, we express our concern about personal data protection. Relevant restrictions are exceptionally considered legitimate, when it is necessary for reasons of public interest, such as the advocacy of public health. It is hence vital that the personal health data, extremely sensitive information of every data subject, are processed exclusively for the COVID-19 outbreak, according with the proportionality, necessity, and the other fundamental principles of the processing of personal data. 4 Malpractice could provoke, interalia, phenomena of stigmatization and discrimination against infected individuals.

Exceptional situations require exceptional measures and the post-COVID-19 era will be significantly different. Reference Nay5 However, “exceptionality must not evolve into regularity”; thus, we should monitor and prevent any form of mithridatism against our civil rights and liberties, in general, after the pandemic is eventually declared under control!

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

References

REFERENCES

The New York Times. Apple and Google team up to “contact trace” the coronavirus. 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/10/technology/apple-google-coronavirus-contact-tracing.html. Accessed May 1, 2020.Google Scholar
BBC News. Australians urged to sign up to tracking app. 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-52476262. Accessed May 1, 2020.Google Scholar
BBC News. People-tracking wristbands put to the test. 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-52409893. Accessed May 1, 2020.Google Scholar
Unsystem.org. Principles on personal data protection and privacy. United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination. 2020. https://www.unsystem.org/principles-personal-data-protection-and-privacy. Accessed May 1, 2020.Google Scholar
Nay, O. Can a virus undermine human rights? Lancet Public Health. 2020;5(5):e238e239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed