It requires but little imagination to conceive that a very slight subsidence of the country in North Wales lying between the Vale of Clwydd and the estuary of the River Dee would convert it into a peninsula consistingof Carboniferous rocks skirting to the north, and to the east a strip of Silurian ground. The backbone of this peninsula is composed of Lower Carboniferous rocks, forming the high range which starts from the bold cliffs that border the sandy flats of the north shore of Flint from Dyserth to Talacre. Stretching southwards by way of Halkyn Mountain, Moel Findeg, Nerquis Mountain to Minera and Llangollen, this range, in the main, forms ani anticline, off whose eastern flanks the higher divisions of the Carboniferous system dip in natural sequence towards the River Dee.

Mr. R. M. Brydone's account of the masses of chalk exposed on the Norfolk coast near Trimingham, published in this Magazine during the first three months of the present year, is a valuable record of facts revealed by the encroachments of the sea, but it raises questions of a general nature, on which I should at once have commented, had I not preferred to wait until I could again examine the sections. This was done in company with the Rev. E. Hill during Easter week, when we found that even since the middle of last October (the date of Mr. Brydone's latest photograph) the destruction had been considerable.

Although the lakes and larger tarns of the English Lake District have been the subject of much discussion and have given rise to a very voluminous literature, comparatively little has been written on the smaller tarns, and especially on those of the very smallest size, which are so abundant in many parts of the district. It seems to us, however, that the smaller ones are quite as deserving of consideration as the larger, since they present similar phenomena, and their interpretation gives rise to similar difficulties.

The object of this paper is to suggest some modification of the present zoning of the Lower Chalk.