Like the preceding instalment, this part deals mainly with species bred on the West Coast of Africa. I have to thank Dr. L. Masi, of Genoa, for fig. 4, illustrating the wing base of Eusemion italicum, Masi.

The method of poisoning flies by the exposure of solutions of sodium arsenite and sugar is one that has been advocated by entomologists in Italy and in South Africa for some years, and yielded good results in Mesopotamia in 1916; for in hot climates, where flies come readily to sugar solutions, the use of an outdoor poison is specially valuable. But there are obvious disadvantages in using any arsenic solutions; for not only are they poisonous in themselves, but the disposal of residues is not easy, as the arsenic and sugar remain poisonous if thrown away, or if they dry on sand or soil. It would thus be useful to substitute for arsenic some compound less poisonous to man and less stable in a soluble form when thrown away.

Nietner in 1880 (“ The Coffee Tree and its Enemies ”) described an Aphis from coffee found in Ceylon and Java as Aphis coffeae. The description is as follows:—“ Both sexes naked, shiny pitch-black with whitish rostrum and legs and greenish abdomen. The rostrum reaches beyond the base of the second pair of legs. The antennae are 7-jointed, the first, second and sixth being short, the rest long, the two basal joints are black, the rest are whitish, black towards apex. Legs with femora and tarsi nearly black, tibiae nearly white, hind legs with base of tibiae slightly curved. Male four-winged, with black stigma in the upper ones. Female apterous. Abdomen in both sexes 2-corniculate and with an anal tube. Size moderate. Young individuals light coloured.” Apparently the male and female described refer to the alate viviparous and apterous viviparous female.

Female, adult. More or less circular or faintly pentagonal ; low convex ; pseudo-margin strongly rounded, giving the insect a markedly “crustliform” (Green) appearance ; margin very thin and shallow ; anterior stigmatic clefts well defined. Dorsum with a slightly subcentral depression, from which there arise strong radial striae extending to the pseudo-margin. Anal cleft fused. Anal lobes in the subcentral depression, so that they appear almost in the middle of the back. Colour of dorsum brownish black, with minute reddish-buff glandular spots. Venter coffee-brown. Detached scurfy particles of a somewhat glassy secretion within the pseudomargin, and six larger particles of similar material, each resting upon a minute tubercle, arranged in a parallelogram near the central depression. Derm cells closely packed together, very irregular in shape, many being markedly attenuated at one extremity; these are divided into more or less definite radial bands corresponding to the spaces between external striae; in the central area of the dorsum they are almost obscured by the dense chitin, so that only the minute central pores are traceable; in this same area are a number of larger and clearer pores varying considerably in size, the larger ones radiating from the anal lobes.

The Imperial Bureau of Entomology have received the following six species of Rhynchota from Colombia, forwarded by Mr. M. T. Dawe, the Director of Agriculture, who reports two of them Trichocentrus sp., and Collaria oleosa as injurious to rice plantations, and the remaining four, Monalonion atratum, M. illustris, M. megiston, and M. collaris as damaging cacao pods. Of these Monalonions, two are here described as new species.

In 1837 a commission established by the State of Massachusetts to conduct a botanical and zoological survey was instructed by Governor Everett in the following terms:—

“ It is presumed to have been a leading object of the Legislature, in authorizing this survey, to promote the agricultural benefit of the Commonwealth, and you will keep carefully in view the economical relations of every subject of your inquiry. By this, however, it is not intended that scientific order, method or comprehension should be departed from. At the same time that which is practically useful will receive a proportionately greater share of attention than that which is merely curious; the promotion of comfort and happiness being the great human end of all science.”

Zanzibar Town is roughly divided into two halves, the European quarter, with the Indian Bazaar, and the native African town, these two districts being separated by a tidal creek. The European quarter (where most of the Government officials and Europeans reside) is on the western side in close proximity to the sea. The periphery of the town is surrounded on the land side by various swamps, all of them potential mosquito-breeding areas during certain seasons of the year, some of them permanent throughout the year.