Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-2lccl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T17:14:15.334Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Lipuite, a new manganese phyllosilicate mineral from the N'Chwaning III mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, South Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2019

Xiangping Gu Open the ORCID record for Xiangping Gu [Opens in a new window] ,
Hexiong Yang ,
Xiande Xie ,
Jaco J. van Nieuwenhuizen ,
Robert T. Downs  and
Stanley H. Evans
Xiangping Gu*
Affiliation:
School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
Hexiong Yang
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 E 4th Street, Tucson, AZ 85721-0077, USA
Xiande Xie
Affiliation:
CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Jaco J. van Nieuwenhuizen
Affiliation:
Plot 968, Alheit, Kakamas 8870, Northern Cape, South Africa
Robert T. Downs
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 E 4th Street, Tucson, AZ 85721-0077, USA
Stanley H. Evans
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 E 4th Street, Tucson, AZ 85721-0077, USA
*
*Author for correspondence: Xiangping Gu, Email: guxp2004@163.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A new phyllosilicate mineral, lipuite (IMA2014-085), has been discovered from the N'Chwaning III mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, Northern Cape Province, Republic of South Africa. It occurs as platy, tabular, or granular crystals and veined agglomerate in association with Mn-bearing sugilite, taniajacoite, pectolite, richterite, norrishite and namansilite. Lipuite is dark red–brown with vitreous lustre, red streak, an estimated Mohs hardness of 5 and the measured density is 2.83(3) g/cm3. It is biaxial (+) and characterised by bright red to dark red colour in thin section with measured refractive indices in white light: α = 1.635(1), β = 1.653(1), γ = 1.670(1) and 2V = 86(2)°. The Raman spectra of lipuite are composed of over 21 bands at 109, 146, 162, 183, 206, 244, 288, 342, 362, 455, 496, 520, 552, 613, 669, 886, 930, 971, 1097, 3487 and 3540 cm–1. The empirical formula from microprobe analyses is (based on total number of cations = 27.5 and structural refinement): K1.12Na8.16(Mn4.77Fe0.07)Σ4.84Mg0.44[Si11.97O30(OH)4](PO4)0.94O2(OH)2·4H2O. The idealised formula is: KNa8Mn3+5Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2·4H2O.

Lipuite is orthorhombic, space group Pnnm, a = 9.080(3), b = 12.222(3), c = 17.093(5) Å, V = 1897.0(9) Å3 and Z = 2. The strongest powder X-ray diffraction peaks [d, Å (I) (hkl)] are: 9.965(40)(011), 2.938(33)(310), 2.895(100)(311), 2.777(38)(224), 2.713(53)(320), 2.483(32)(126), 2.086(35)(046) and 1.534(40)(446). The crystal structure of lipuite is characterised by sheets of SiO4 tetrahedra that are linked together along [010] by K+, Na+, Mn3+, Mg2+ and P5+ cations, as well as hydrogen bonds. These tetrahedral sheets consist of 14-membered rings of SiO4 tetrahedra that zigzag along [100]. The two independent Mn3+ cations are both octahedrally coordinated. They form five-membered, edge-shared octahedral clusters between the SiO4 tetrahedral sheets. Lipuite represents a rather unique structure type and its silicate tetrahedral sheets can be considered a derivative of the silicate sheets in mica.

Keywords

lipuitephyllosilicatenew mineralcrystal structureRaman spectrumKalahari manganese
Type
Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 83 , Issue 5 , October 2019 , pp. 645 - 654
Copyright
Copyright © Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Associate Editor: Edward S Grew

References

Armbruster, T., Oberhänsli, R., Bermanec, V. and Dixon, R. (1993) Hennomartinite and kornite, two new Mn3+ rich silicates from the Wessels mine, Kalahari, South Africa. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 73, 349–355.Google Scholar
Armbruster, T., Gnos, E., Dixon, R., Gutzmer, J., Hejnys, C., Dobelln, N. and Medenbach, O. (2002) Manganvesuvianite and tweddillite, two new Mn3+-silicate minerals from the Kalahari manganese fields, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 66, 137–150.Google Scholar
Barbier, J., Greedan, J.E., Asaro, T. and McCarthy, G.J. (1990) Neutron diffraction study of disorder in eulytite-type Sr3La(PO4)3. European Journal of Solid State and Inorganic Chemistry, 27, 855–867.Google Scholar
Beukes, N.J. (1983) Palaeoenvironmental setting of iron formations in the depositional basin of the Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. Pp. 131–209 in: Iron Formations: Facts and Problems (Trendall, A.F. and Morris, R.C., editors). Elsevier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Bonazzi, P., Bindi, L., Medenbach, O., Pagano, R., Lampronti, G.I. and Menchetti, S. (2007) Olmiite, CaMn[SiO3(OH)](OH), the Mn-dominant analogue of poldervaartite, a new mineral species from Kalahari manganese fields (Republic of South Africa). Mineralogical Magazine, 71, 193–201.Google Scholar
Brese, N.E. and O'Keeffe, M. (1991) Bond-valence parameters for solids. Acta Crystallographica, B47, 192–197.Google Scholar
Bruker, (2001) SADABS. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.Google Scholar
Cairncross, B. and Beukes, N.J. (2013) The Kalahari Manganese Field, the Adventure Continues. Struik Nature Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa, pp. 384.Google Scholar
Chakhmouradian, A.R., Cooper, W.A., Ball, N., Reguir, E.P., Medici, L., Abdu, Y.A. and Antonov, A.A. (2014) Vladykinite, Na3Sr4(Fe2+Fe3+)Si8O24: A new complex sheet silicate from peralkaline rocks of the Murun complex, eastern Siberia, Russia. American Mineralogist, 99, 235–241.Google Scholar
Dai, Y. and Harlow, G.E. (1992) Description and crystal structure of vonbezingite, a new Ca−Cu−SO4−H2O mineral from the Kalahari manganese field, South Africa. American Mineralogist, 77, 1292–1300.Google Scholar
Dai, Y., Harlow, G.E. and McGhie, A.R. (1993) Poldervaartite, Ca(Ca0.5Mn0.5)(SiO3OH)(OH); a new acid nesosilicate from the Kalahari manganese field, South Africa: crystal structure and description. American Mineralogist, 78, 1082–1087.Google Scholar
de Villiers, P.R. and Herbstein, F.H. (1967) Distinction between two members of the braunite group. American Mineralogist, 52, 20–30.Google Scholar
Dixon, R.D. (1989) Sugilite and associated metamorphic silicate minerals from Wessels mine, Kalahari manganese field. Geological Survey of South Africa Pretoria Bulletin, 93, 47 pp.Google Scholar
Giester, G. and Rieck, B. (1994) Effenbergerite, BaCu[Si4O10], a new mineral from the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa: description and crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 58, 663–670.Google Scholar
Giester, G. and Rieck, B. (1996): Wesselsite, SrCu[Si4O10], a further new gillespite-group mineral from the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 60, 795-798.Google Scholar
Giester, G., Lengauer, C.L., Pristacz, H., Rieck, B., Topa, D. and Von Bezing, K.L. (2016) Cairncrossite, a new Ca-Sr (-Na) phyllosilicate from the Wessels Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. European Journal of Mineralogy, 28, 495–505.Google Scholar
Gutzmer, J. and Beukes, N.J. (1996) Mineral paragenesis of the Kalahari manganese field, South Africa. Ore Geology Reviews, 11, 405–428.Google Scholar
Hawthorne, F.C., Oberti, R., Harlow, G.E., Maresch, W.V., Martin, R.F., Schumacher, J.C. and Welch, M.D. (2012) Nomenclature of the amphibole supergroup. American Mineralogist, 97, 2031–2048.Google Scholar
Hughes, J.M, Jolliff, B.L. and Rakovan, J. (2008): The crystal chemistry of whitlockite and merrillite and the dehydrogenation of whitlockite to merrillite. American Mineralogist, 93, 1300–1305.Google Scholar
Kleyenstuber, A.S.E. (1984) The mineralogy of the manganese bearing Hotazel formation of the Proterozoic Transvaal sequence of Griqualand West, South Africa. Transaction of the Geological Society of South Africa, 87, 267–275.Google Scholar
Lafuente, B., Downs, R.T., Yang, H. and Jenkins, R.A. (2014) Calcioferrite with composition (Ca3.94Sr0.06)Mg1.01(Fe2.93Al1.07)(PO4)6(OH)4·12H2O. Acta Crystallographica, E70, 116–117.Google Scholar
Libowitzky, E. (1999) Correlation of O–H stretching frequencies and O–H···O hydrogen bond lengths in minerals. Monatshefte für Chemie, 130, 1047–1059.Google Scholar
Litasov, K.D. and Podgornykh, N.M. (2017) Raman spectroscopy of various phosphate minerals and occurrence of tuite in the Elga IIE iron meteorite. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 48, 1518–1527.Google Scholar
Mandarino, J.A. (1981) The Gladstone-Dale relationship: Part IV. The compatibility concept and its application. The Canadian Mineralogist, 19, 441–450.Google Scholar
Nyfeler, D., Armbruster, T., Dixon, R. and Bermanec, V. (1995) Nchwaningite, Mn2+2SiO3(OH)2·H2O, a new pyroxene-related chain silicate from the N'chwaning mine, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa. American Mineralogist, 80, 377–386.Google Scholar
Panikorovskii, T.L., Shilovskikh, V.V., Avdontseva, E.Yu., Zolotarev, A.A., Pekov, I.V., Britvin, S.N. and Krivovichev, S.V. (2017) Cyprine, Ca19Cu2+(Al,Mg,Mn)12Si18O68(OH)10, a new vesuvianite-group mineral from the Wessels mine, South Africa. European Journal of Mineralogy, 29, 295–306.Google Scholar
Pasero, M. (2019) The New IMA List of Minerals. http://cnmnc.main.jp/Google Scholar
Peacor, D.R., Dunn, P.J. and Duggan, M. (1983) Sturmanite, a ferric iron, boron analogue of ettringite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 21, 705–709.Google Scholar
Peacor, D.R., Dunn, P.J. and Nelen, J.A. (1990) Orlymanite, Ca4Mn3Si8O20(OH)6·2H2O; a new mineral from South Africa: a link between gyrolite-family and conventional phyllosilicate minerals. American Mineralogist, 75, 923–927.Google Scholar
Rieck, B., Pristacz, H. and Giester, G. (2015) Colinowensite, BaCuSi2O6, a new mineral from the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa and new data on wesselsite, SrCuSi4O10. Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 1769–1778.Google Scholar
Rumsey, M.S., Welch, M.D., Kampf, A.R. and Spratt, J. (2013) Diegogattaite, Na2CaCu2Si8O20·H2O: a new nanoporous copper sheet silicate from Wessels Mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, Republic of South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 77, 3155–3162.Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G.M. (2015) Crystal structure refinement with SHELXL. Acta Crystallographica, C71, 3–8.Google Scholar
Wahle, M.W., Bujnowski, T.J., Guggenheim, S. and Kogure, T. (2010) Guidottiite, the Mn-analogue of cronstedtite: A new serpentine-group mineral from South Africa. Clays and Clay Minerals, 58, 364–376.Google Scholar
Yang, H., Downs, R.T., Evans, S.H. and Pinch, W.W. (2013) Scottyite, the natural analog of synthetic BaCu2Si2O7, a new mineral from the Wessels mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, South Africa. American Mineralogist, 98, 478–484.Google Scholar
Yang, H, Downs, R.T., Evans, S.H. and Pinch, W.W. (2014) Lavinskyite, K(LiCu)Cu6(Si4O11)2(OH)4, isotypic with plancheite, a new mineral from the Wessels mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, South Africa. American Mineralogist, 99, 525–530.Google Scholar
Yang, H., Gu, X., Downs, R.T. and Xie, X. (2015 a) Taniajacoite, IMA 2014-107. CNMNC Newsletter No. 25, June 2015, page 531; Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 529–535.Google Scholar
Yang, H., Gu, X., Xie, X., van Nieuwenhuizen, J.J., Evans, S.H. and Downs, R.T. (2015 b) Lipuite, IMA 2014-085. CNMNC Newsletter No. 23, February 2015, page 58. Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 51–58.Google Scholar
Yang, H., Gu, X., Downs, R.T., Evans, S.H., van Nieuwenhuizen, J.J., Lavinsky, R.M. and Xie, X. (2019) Meieranite, Na2Sr3MgSi6O17, a New Mineral from the Wessels Mine, Kalahari Manganese Fields, South Africa. The Canadian Mineralogist, https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.1800067Google Scholar
Zatovsky, I.V., Strutynska, N.Y., Baumer, V.N., Shishkin, O.V., Slobodyanik, N.S. (2007) The whitlockite-related phosphate Ca9Cr(PO4)7. Acta Crystallographica, E63, 1180–1181.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Gu et al. supplementary material

Gu et al. supplementary material

Download Gu et al. supplementary material(File)
File 819.1 KB