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Reflections on the Problem: How Old is the Concept Folksong?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 February 2019

Walter Wiora
Walter Wiora*
Affiliation:
Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, German Federal Republic
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Extract

This year musicology should remember the two men who have given a greater part of their creative life to the folk song: Béla Bartók, who died a quarter-century ago on September 26, 1945, and Werner Danckert, who passed away on March 5, 1970.

Type
Articles
Information
Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council , Volume 3 , 1971 , pp. 23 - 33
Copyright
Copyright © 1972 By the International Folk Music Council 

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References

Footnotes

This article first appeared in Musik-Forschung, XXIII (1970).Google Scholar

1. E. Klusen, “Das Gruppenlied als Gegenstand”, Jahrbuch für Volksliedforschung, XII (1968), p. 39.Google Scholar

2. See my essay “Zur Fundierung allgemeiner Thesen über das ‘Volkslied’ durch historische Untersuchungen”, ibid., XIV (1969), pp. 1–10.Google Scholar

3. Geschichte des Begriffes Volkslied (Berlin, 1911), p. 36 f.Google Scholar

4. For this and quotations to follow see Herder, Sämtliche Werke, ed. Suphan, Bd. 25, pp. 324, 8, 318, 328, 331 f.Google Scholar

5. Klusen, Volkslied, pp. 139, 133, 130.Google Scholar

6. Herder, Werke, Bd. 25, p. 323.Google Scholar

7. Werke, Bd. 4, p. 119.Google Scholar

8. Klusen, p. 133 f.Google Scholar

9. This quote and the two following in Werke, Bd. 25, pp. 6, 7, 12.Google Scholar

10. Letter of Dec. 22, 1777, in Herders Briefe, publ. W. Dobbek (Weimar, 1959), p. 187.Google Scholar

11. Werke, Bd. 25, p. 545 f.Google Scholar

12. Concerning the results in Westfalen in 1771, see Briefe, p. 93.Google Scholar

13. Bd. 25, p. 325.Google Scholar

14. Bd. 5, p. 196 f.Google Scholar

15. Bd. 25, p. 545.Google Scholar

16. Bd. 9, p. 534.Google Scholar

17. Bd. 5, pp. 164, 181, 189; Bd. 25, pp. 12, 315; Bd. 9, p. 531, and other.Google Scholar

18. Bd. 18, p. 427.Google Scholar

19. Bd. 5, p. 183.Google Scholar

20. Bd. 5, p. 540, 545, and other.Google Scholar

21. Bd. 5, p. 191.Google Scholar

22. Bd. 5, p. 164; Bd. 25, p. 81.Google Scholar

23. Bd. 25, p. 313.Google Scholar

24. Bd. 25, p. 84.Google Scholar

25. Bd. 25, p. 7.Google Scholar

26. Bd. 25, p. 11 f.Google Scholar

27. Bd. 9, p. 531.Google Scholar

28. See also above, and Bd. 5, p. 186; Bd. 25, p. 323.Google Scholar

29. Bd. 24, p. 266; see also Bd. 25, pp. 314 and 645.Google Scholar

30. Bd. 25, p. 314 ff., p. 8; Bd. 9, pp. 527, 530 f. and other.Google Scholar

31. p. 29; pp. 7, 16,30.Google Scholar

32. I am grateful to Dr. W. Frobenius and Dr. F. Reckow for pointing out some of these examples.Google Scholar

33. S. K.-W. Gümpel, “Die Musiktraktate Conrads von Zabern”, Akademie der Wissenschaft u. Literatur, Mainz, geistes- u. sozialwiss. Kl. (1956, No. 4), 271 ff. and 290 ff.Google Scholar

34. Syntagma III, p. 33.Google Scholar

35. Ibid., p. 32.Google Scholar

36. Examples in G. Wille, Musica Romana (Amsterdam, 1967), pp. 137, 127.Google Scholar

37. De Musica, pp. 302, 326, 307; H. Anglès, “Das Spanische Volkslied”, AfMf (III, 1938), 336 f.Google Scholar

38. S. Wille, pp. 131, 139, 245.Google Scholar

39. In Wille, for example, pp. 47, 136, 579.Google Scholar

40. See Hoffmann von Fallersleben, Geschichte des Deutschen Kirchenliedes (Breslau, 1832), p. 30. See also proprium carmen Lacedaemoniorum, Wille, p. 579, Anmerkung 246.Google Scholar

41. Tractatus de tonis, Ms. British Museum. Harl. 281, f. 74.Google Scholar

42. Examples in Wille, pp. 105, 107; Thesaurus Linguae Lat. III, p. 471 f.Google Scholar

43. Aribo, De Musica, ed. Smits van Waesberghe (CSM 2), Rome, 1951, p. 46.Google Scholar

44. Prinz, Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch II, 1969, p. 195.Google Scholar

45. See the incomplete presentation in F. M. Böhme, Altdeutsches Liederbuch (Leipzig, 1877), p. XXII f., which has been copied by other authors.Google Scholar

46. Crailsheimer Schulordnung, 1480; see J. Janota, Studien zu Funktion und Typus des Deutschen Geistlichen Liedes im Mittelalter (Munich, 1968), p. 211.Google Scholar

47. Janota, pp. 46, 117 f.Google Scholar

48. Miscell Musicol XX (Prague, 1967), p. 49 ff.Google Scholar

49. Ed. Rohloff, p. 47 ff.Google Scholar

50. Essais I, chp. 54, ed. M. Rat (Classiques Garnier), p. 347; see also my own remarks in Jb. f. Vldf. (1969), pp. 6 and 8.Google Scholar

51. E. Kircher, Zs. f. dt. Wortf. IV, 4; Levy, p. 17.Google Scholar

52. Munich, 1960, I, pp. 27 and 45 f. For the problem of the poeta eruditus in the poetry of the Renaissance see A. Buck, Die Humanistische Tradition in der Romania (Bad Homburg, 1968), p. 227 ff.Google Scholar

53. De Inst. Orat. II, 17, 10.Google Scholar

54. See also the section about musica vulgaris et artificialis in my book Europäische Volksmusik u. Abendländische Tonkunst (Kassel, 1957), pp. 86–94.Google Scholar

55. See also the examples in Wille, p. 605 ff.Google Scholar

56. Ord. 2, 19, 49; Wille, p. 606.Google Scholar

57. GS III, p. 333; refer also to his complaint about the mishandling of the art of music through “vulgares laici, qui nec artem nec litteras noverunt” (p. 348).Google Scholar

58. See the examples in K. W. Niemöller, Nicolaus Wollick (Cologne, 1956), in Beitr. z. rhein. Musikgesch., XIII, p. 280 f.Google Scholar

59. See Wille, p. 459 ff. Also Die Geschichte des Motivs von der natürlichen Veranlagung zur Musik, pp. 202, 601 ff., 657.Google Scholar

60. p. 46.Google Scholar

61. Frutolfi Breviarium de Musica et Tonarius, ed. C. Vivell (Ak. Wiss. Wien, Phil.-hist. Kl. 188, 2), Vienna, 1919, p. 27.Google Scholar