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International criminal courts round-up1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 February 2009

Olivia Swaak-Goldman  and
Maria Nybondas
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Extract

For the International Criminal Court (ICC) 2003 was a crucial year — its first as a functioning institution. With the coming into force of its Statute in July 2002, 2003 was spent establishing the infrastructure and procedures according to which the ICC will function. The ICC also made progress in establishing its four organs: the Chambers, the Presidency, the Office of the Prosecutor and the Registry.

Type
Current Developments
Information
Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law , Volume 6 , December 2003 , pp. 292 - 318
Copyright
Copyright © T.M.C. Asser Instituut and the Authors 2003

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References

3. <http://www.icc-cpi.int/organs/chambers.html>>Google Scholar.

4. Ibid.

5. <http://www.icc-cpi.int/organs/presidency.html>.

6. ICC Press Release, 2 May 2003 <http://www.icc-cpi.int/press/pressreleases.html>.

7. Ibid., 13 June 2003.

8. Ibid., 16 July 2003.

9. Ibid.

10. SC Res. 1487, UN Doc. S/RES/1487 (2003).

11. SC Res. 1422, UN Doc. S/RES/1422 (2003).

12. ICC Press Release, 24 June 2003.

13. Ibid., 4 July 2003.

14. <http://www.icc-cpi.int/organs/registry.html>.

15. Doc. ICC-ASP/1/3, 3–10 September 2002.

16. CICC, ICC Update, October 2003 <http://www.iccnow.org/publications/update.html>.

17. <http://www.icc-cpi.int/vtf.html>.

18. Res. ICC-ASP/2/Res.3; CICC, ICC Update, October 2003.

19. CICC, ICC Update, October 2003.

20. SC Res. 1481, UN Doc. S/RES/1481 (2003).

21. ICTY Press Release, J.L./P.I.S./755e, ‘President welcomes adoption of the Security Council resolution 1481 (2003) enhancing the powers of ad litem judges’, 20 May 2003 (all press releases of the ICTY can be found at <http://www.un.org/icty/latest/index.htm>).

22. SC Res. 1503, UN Doc. S/RES/1503 (2003).

23. ICTY Press Release, CC/P.I.S. /735e, ‘Judge Theodor Meron and Judge Fausto Pocar elected as president and vice-president respectively’, 27 February 2003.

24. Ibid., CC/P.I.S. /784-e, ‘Mr. Jean-Claude Antonetti appointed as permanent judge to replace Judge Claude Jorda’, 23 September 2003.

25. Ibid., JM/P.I.S. /808e, ‘Judge Klein Horace Parker sworn in as a judge of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)’, 8 December 2003.

26. Ibid., JL/P.I.S. /747-e, ‘Judge Joaquin Martin Canivell sworn in as an ad litem judge of the ICTY’, 2 May 2003.

27. Ibid., CT/P.I.S. /801-e, ‘Judge Vonimbolana Rasoazanany sworn in as an ad litem judge of the ICTY’, 19 November 2003.

28. Ibid., JM/P.I.S. /804-e, ‘Judge Albert Swart sworn in as an ad litem judge of the ICTY’, 1 December 2003.

29. Ibid., JM/P.I.S. /811e, ‘Judges Christine van den Wyngaert and Krister Thelin sworn in as ad litem judges of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia’, 16 December 2003.

30. Ibid., J.L./P.I.S./762e, ‘Judge Inés Mónica Weinberg de Roca sworn in as an appeals judge for the ICTY and ICTR’, 17 June 2003.

31. Ibid., J.L./P.I.S./728-e, ‘Vojislav Seselj indicted by the ICTY for crimes against humanity and war crimes’, 14 February 2003.

32. Ibid., FH-CC/P.I.S./729e, ‘Haradin Bala, Isak Musliu, and Agim Murtezi transferred to the ICTY following their indictment for crimes against humanity and war crimes’, 18 February 2003.

33. Ibid., SH/P.I.S./730e, ‘Fatmir Limaj arrested in Slovenia’, 19 February 2003.

34. Ibid., J.L. /P.I.S./745e, ‘Arrest and transfer of Naser Oric’, 11 April 2003.

35. Ibid., J.L./P.I.S./749-e, ‘Jovica Stanisic and Franko Simatovic indicted by the ICTY for crimes against humanity and war crimes’, 6 May 2003.

36. Ibid., CVO/P.I.S./759e, ‘Franko Simatovic transferred to the ICTY detention unit’, 30 May 2003.

37. Ibid., JL/P.I.S./760-e, ‘Jovica Stanisic transferred to the ICTY detention unit’, 11 June 2003.

38. Ibid., JL/P.I.S./763-e, ‘Ivica Rajic transferred to the ICTY detention unit’, 24 June 2003.

39. Ibid., JL/P.I.S./766e, ‘Veselin Sljivancanin transferred to the ICTY detention unit’, 2 July 2003.

40. Ibid., JL/P.I.S./767e, ‘Zeljko Meakic transferred to the ICTY detention unit’, 4 July 2003.

41. Ibid., JL/P.I.S./775e, ‘Mitar Rasevic transferred to the ICTY detention unit’, 15 August 2003.

42. ICTY Press Advisory, P.I.S./PA137, ‘Indictment unsealed in the case The Prosecutor v. Nebojsa Pavkovic, Vladimir Lazarevic, Vlastimir Djordjevic and Sreten Lukic’, 20 October 2003.

43. Prosecutor v. Pavković et al., Case No. IT-03–70, Indictment, 2 October 2003.

44. ICTY Press Release, CT/P.I.S./793e, ‘Vladimir Kovacevic transferred to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia’, 23 October 2003.

45. Ibid., CT/P.I.S./800-e, ‘Milan Babic indicted by the ICTY for crimes against humanity and war crimes’, 18 November 2003.

46. Ibid., CC/P.I.S./736, ‘The Prosecutor v. Limaj et al., Agim Murtezi released following the withdrawal of the indictment against him’, 28 February 2003.

47. Ibid., P.I.S./733e, ‘Statement on behalf of Agim Murtezi’, 25 February 2003.

48. Ibid., C.C. /P.I.S./737e, ‘The ICTY president grants Damir Dosen's request for early release’, 28 February 2003.

49. Prosecutor v. Zdravko Mucić, Hasim Delić and Esad Landžo, Case No. IT-96-21 -Abis, Judgement on Sentence Appeal, Appeals Chamber, 8 April 2003.

50. ICTY Press Release, CC/P.I.S./768e, ‘Zdravko Mucić granted early release’, 9 July 2003.

51. Ibid., C.T. /P.I.S./796e, ‘Milan Simic granted early release’, 28 October 2003.

52. Ibid., CC/P.I.S./813e, ‘Miroslav Kvocka (Omarska Camp case) granted provisional release pending the hearing of his appeal against his conviction and sentence’, 19 December 2003.

53. Ibid., JL/P.I.S./758-e, ‘Goran Jelisic transferred to Italy to serve prison sentence’, 29 May 2003.

54. Ibid., CVO/P.I.S./765e, ‘Biljana Plavsic transferred to Sweden to serve prison sentence’, 27 June 2003. For the sentencing judgement of Biljana Plavsić see infra n. 57.

55. Ibid., CC/P.I.S./769e, ‘Hazim Delic and Esad Landžo transferred to Finland to serve their prison sentences’, 10 July 2003.

56. The following case summaries are not intended to be comprehensive. The aim is to give a broad overview of the legal and factual findings and to highlight any original jurisprudence and significant divergences from earlier cases.

57. Case No. IT-00–39 & 40/1-S, Sentencing Judgement, Trial Chamber, 27 February 2003.

58. ICTY Judicial Bulletin No. 40(2003)p. 13,n. 11.

59. McDonald, A., ‘The year in review’, 5 YIHL (2002) p. 282CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

60. Case No. IT-98–34-T, Judgement, Trial Chamber, 31 March 2003 (hereafter, Naletilić and Martinović).

61. Ibid., para. 763.

62. Ibid., para. 765. See also ICTY Judicial Bulletin No. 42 (2003)p. 6.

63. Ibid., paras. 767–769.

64. Ibid., para. 513.

65. Prosecutor v. Tihomir Blaškić, Case No. IT-95–14-T, Judgement, Trial Chamber, 3 March 2000, para. 149.

66. Naletilić and Martinović, supra n. 60, para. 214.

67. Ibid.

68. Ibid., para. 521.

69. The first appeals judgement was rendered on 20 February 2001, see Prosecutor v. Zejnil Dela-lić, Zdravko Mucić, Hazim Delić and Esad Landžo, Case No. IT-96–21-A, 4 YIHL (2001) pp. 270–273Google Scholar.

70. Prosecutor v. Zejnil Delalić, Zdravko Mucić, Hazim Delić and Esad Landžo, Case No. IT-96–21-Tbis-R117, Judgement, Trial Chamber, 9 October 2001.

71. Case No. IT-94–2-AR73, Decision on Interlocutory Appeal concerning Legality of Arrest, Appeals Chamber, 5 June 2003 (hereafter, Nikolić). For analysis, see Sloan, J., ‘Breaching international law to ensure its enforcement: the reliance by the ICTY on illegal capture’, in this volume, pp. 319 at 327–341Google Scholar.

72. ICTY Judicial Bulletin, No. 42 (2003) pp. 3–4Google Scholar; Nikolić, supra n. 71, paras. 25–26.

73. Nikolić, supra n. 71, paras. 30–32.

74. Ibid.

75. Case No. IT-97–24-T, Judgement, Trial Chamber, 31 July 2003.

76. Ibid., paras. 936–937.

77. Ibid., paras. 544–561.

78. Ibid., para. 553.

79. Ibid., paras. 553–559.

80. Ibid., para. 551.

81. Ibid., paras. 905–927.

82. Ibid., para. 932.

83. Case No. IT-97–25-A, Judgement, Appeals Chamber, 17 September 2003.

84. Ibid., paras. 26–27.

85. Ibid., paras. 10–11.

86. Ibid., paras. 35–53 and 54–63.

87. Ibid., para. 97.

88. Ibid., paras. 172 and 180.

89. Ibid., paras. 125–145.

90. Ibid., para. 218.

91. Ibid., para. 264.

92. Case No. IT-95–9-T, Judgement, Trial chamber, 17 October 2003.

93. Case No. IT-02–65/1-S, Sentencing Judgement, Trial Chamber, 28 October 2003.

94. Case No. IT-02–60/1-S, Sentencing Judgement, Trial Chamber, 2 December 2003.

95. Prosecutor v. Vidoje Blagojević, Dragan Obrenović, Dragan Jokić and Momir Nikolić, Case No. IT-02–60-PT, Amended Joinder Indictment, 27 May 2002.

96. Case No. IT-98–29-T, Judgement, Trial Chamber, 5 December 2003.

97. Ibid., paras. 748–750.

98. Ibid., paras. 768–769.

99. Ibid., separate and partially dissenting opinion of Judge Nieto-Navia, 5 December 2003, para. 113.

100. Ibid., para. 116.

101. Ibid., paras. 119–120.

102. Case No. IT-02–60/2-S, Sentencing Judgement, Trial Chamber, 10 December 2003.

103. Case No. IT-94–2-S, Sentencing Judgement, Trial Chamber, 18 December 2003.

104. Prosecutor v. Dragan Nikolić, Case No. IT-94–2-PT, Decision on Defence Motion Challenging the Exercise of Jurisdiction by the Tribunal, Trial Chamber, 9 October 2002.

105. ICTR Bulletin No. 9 (2003) p. 1.

106. ICTR Bulletin No. 11 (2003) p. 1.

107. SC Res. 1431, UN Doc. S/RES/1431 (2002).

108. SC Res. 1512, UN Doc. S/RES/1512 (2003).

109. ICTR Press Release, ICTR/INFO-9–2-367.EN, ‘More ad litem judges to the Tribunal’, 29 October 2003; SC Res. 1503, UN Doc. S/RES/1503 (2003).

110. ICTR Bulletin No. 13 (2003) p. 1.

111. ICTR Bulletin No. 10 (2003) p. 1.

112. ICTR Bulletin No. 11 (2003) p. 1.

113. Ibid., p. 2.

114. ICTR Bulletin No. 10 (2003) p. 3.

115. Letter from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council, dated 3 October 2003, UN Doc. S/2003/946 (2003).

116. Ibid., enclosure p. 6.

117. Ibid., enclosure p. 7.

118. Cases No. ICTR-96–10 & ICTR-96–17-T, Judgement and Sentence, Trial Chamber, 21 February 2003 (hereafter, Ntakirutimana)

119. ICTR Bulletin No. 10 (2003) p. 2.

120. Ntakirutimana, supra n. 118, paras. 786–790 and 827–831.

121. ICTR Press Release, ICTR/INFO-9–2–35.EN, ‘Convictions of pastor and medical doctor’;, 19 February 2003; Ntakirutimana, supra n. 118, paras. 791–795, 810 and 832–836.

122. Ntakirutimana, supra n. 118, paras. 796, 837.

123. Ibid., paras. 797–801,811–818, 857–861,838–841 and 850–861.

124. Prosecutor v. Jean-Paul Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96–4-T, Judgement, Trial Chamber, 2 September 1998; and Prosecutor v. Jean-Paul Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96–4-A, Judgement, Appeals Chamber, 1 June 2001.

125. Ntakirutimana, supra n. 118, para. 860.

126. Prosecutor v. Mitar Vasiljević, Case No. IT-98–32-T, Judgement, Trial Chamber, 29 November 2002, paras. 193–204.

127. Ntakirutimana, supra n. 118, paras. 860–861.

128. Case No. ICTR-97–20-T, Judgement and Sentence, Trial Chamber, 15 May 2003.

129. Ibid., para. 341.

130. Case No. ICTR-96–14-T, Judgement and Sentence, Trial Chamber, 16 May 2003.

131. Ibid., paras. 408–437.

132. Ibid., paras. 438–467.

133. Ibid., paras. 421, 455–458 and 468–469.

134. Ibid., paras. 493–502.

135. Case No. ICTR-96–3-A, Judgement, Appeals Chamber, 26 May 2003 (hereafter, Rutaganda).

136. ICTR Press Release, ICTR/INFO-9–2–346.EN, ‘ICTR hands down first war crimes conviction’, 26 May 2003.

137. Rutaganda, supra n. 135, para. 569 (citing Prosecutor v. Dragoljub Kunarac, Radomir Kovac and Zoran Vuković, Case No. IT-96–23 & IT-96–23/1-A, Judgement, Appeals Chamber, 12 June 2002, para. 58).

138. Ibid., para. 577.

139. Case No. ICTR-98–44A-T, Judgement and Sentence, Trial Chamber, 1 December 2003.

140. Case No. ICTR-99–52-T, Judgement and Sentence, Trial Chamber, 3 December 2003 (hereafter, Nahimana); ICTR Press Release, ICTR/INFO-9–2–372.EN, ‘Three media leaders convicted for genocide’, 3 December 2003.

141. Nahimana, supra n. 140, para. 970.

142. Ibid., para. 975.

143. Ibid., para. 98.

144. Ibid., paras. 1036–1039.

145. Ibid., para. 1079.

146. Ibid., paras. 970–974.

147. Ibid., paras. 1040–1055.

148. SCSL Status Report, 15 September 2003, p. 13.

149. Prosecutor v. Sam Hinga Norman, Case No. SCSL-2003–08-PT, Prosecutor v. Morris Kallon, Case No. SCSL-2003–07 PT, Prosecutor v. Augustine Gbao, Case No. SCSL-2003–09-PT, Decision on the Applications for a Stay of Proceedings and Denial of Right to Appeal, Appeals Chamber, 4 November 2003.

150. SCSL Status Report, 15 October 2003.

151. Headquarters Agreement between the Republic of Sierra Leone and the Special Court for Sierra Leone, signed on 21 October 2003.

152. Foday Saybana Sankoh (deceased), Johnny Paul Koroma (missing), Sam Bockarie (deceased), Issa Hassan Sesay, Alex Tamba Brima, Morris Kallon and Sam Hinga Norman. SCSL Status Report, 15 March 2003, p. 8.

153. In addition to the seven named above, Augustine Gbao, Brima Bazzy Kamara, Moinina Fofana, Allieu Kondewa, Charles Taylor (unavailable) and Santigie Borbor Kanu.

154. SCSL Press Release, ‘Prosecutor withdraws indictment against Sankoh and Bockarie’, 5 December 2003 <http://www.sc-sl.org/press-2003.html>.

155. SCSL Status Reports: 15 May 2003; 15 June 2003; 15 July 2003; 15 September 2003; and 15 October 2003.

156. SCSL Press Release, ‘Hearings on the prosecution motion for joinder’, 1 December 2003.

157. Prosecutor v. Charles Taylor, Case No. SCSL-03–01–1–001, Indictment, 7 March 2003.

158. Ibid., Decision Approving Indictment and Order for Non-Disclosure, 7 March 2003.

159. SCSL Status Report, 15 June 2003, pp. 11 and 14.

160. ICJ Press Release 2003/26, 5 August 2003 <http://www.icj-cij.org>.