Elders raised their eyebrows and young people cheered when Rabbi Earl Vinecour, twenty-eight years old, a former captain in the U.S. Army, advocated the introduction of rock music into the synagogue service. In Cape Town, in the year 1970, such an idea seemed novel and audacious. But emotions ran much higher, still when the local Reform temple's new assistant rabbi and educational director began to probe the morality of racism. His talk on "Judaism and Apartheid" before the Students' Jewish Association at Cape Town University—in which he referred to similarities between the Nazi Nuremberg laws and current South African racial legislation—aroused alarm and wrath among many members of his own congregation.