¹ Kuper, Leo, Passive Resistance in South Africa (New Haven 1957), 49–54.Google Scholar

² Ibid., 47, 57–64.

³ For a sophisticated and brilliant sociological inquiry into the pattern of South African society, see van den Berghe, Pierre Louis, “The Dynamics of Race Relations: An Ideal-Type Case Study of South Africa,” unpubl. diss., Harvard, 1959Google Scholar, esp. 158–291.

⁴ Sieyès, Emmanuel Joseph, What Is the Third Estate?, trans. M. Blondel, ed. Finer, S. E., introd. by Peter Campbell (New York, Washington, London 1964), 51.Google Scholar

⁵ Houghton, D. Hobart, The South African Economy (Cape Town, London, New York 1964), 219.Google Scholar

⁶ Schreiner, O. D., South Africa—United or Divided? (Johannesburg 1964), 8Google Scholar, as cited in Vernon McKay, “The Range of Futures,” in Leiss, 54.

⁷ Easton, David, The Political System: An Inquiry into the State of Political Science (New York 1953), 129–34.Google Scholar

⁸ Pan-Africanism: A Short Political Guide (New York 1962).Google Scholar

⁹ For a remarkably solid study of nineteenth-century Afrikaner nationalism, see van Jaarsveld, F. A., The Awakening of Afrikaner Nationalism, 1868–1881 (Cape Town 1961)Google Scholar, and for twentieth-century Afrikaner nationalism, consult Salomon, Laurence, “SocioEconomic Aspects of South African History, 1870–1962,” unpubl. diss., Boston, 1962, 1–209.Google Scholar See also Vatcher, William Henry Jr., White Laager: The Rise of Afrikaner Nationalism (New York, Washington, London 1965).Google Scholar

¹⁰ See Nixon, Charles R., “The Conflict of Nationalisms in South Africa,” World Politics, XI, No. 1 (October 1958), 44–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹¹ See the fascinating study by Levine, Ellen Deborah, “The Second Eden: Myth and Religion in the Afrikaner Political Community,” unpubl. M.A. thesis, Chicago, 1962, esp. 7–34.Google Scholar

¹² For example, see Levy, Marion J. Jr., The Structure of Society (Princeton 1952), 55–109.Google Scholar

¹³ The most obvious examples here are Duverger, Maurice, Political Parties: Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State, trans. Barbara, and North, Robert, foreword by D. W. Brogan, 2nd Eng. ed. rev. (London and New York 1959)Google Scholar; McDonald, Neil A., The Study of Political Parties, Short Studies in Political Science No. 26 (Garden City 1955)Google Scholar; and Michels, Robert, Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy, trans. Eden, and Paul, Cedar (Glencoe 1958).Google Scholar See also Stultz's, Newell M. review of Vatcher, White Laager, in Africa Report, X, No. 8 (August 1965), 44–45.Google Scholar

¹⁴ This has been done, to some extent, in Miss Levine's study cited in n. 11. Equally significant could be an analysis of the Afrikaner “political formula.” See Lasswell, Harold D. and Kaplan, Abraham, Power and Society: A Framework for Political Inquiry (New Haven 1950), 126–33.Google Scholar

¹⁵ Perhaps this could be done in terms of Eastern's concept of political science, coupled with the theories of Mosca, Gaetano in the latter's The Ruling Class (Elementi di Scienza Politico), trans. Kahn, Hannah D., ed. and rev. with introd. by Arthur Livingston (New York, Toronto, London 1939).Google Scholar

¹⁶ William De Kiewiet, Cornelius, A History of South Africa, Social & Economic (London 1957)Google Scholar; Marquard, Leo, The Peoples and Policies of South Africa, 3rd ed. (London, Cape Town, New York 1962)Google Scholar; Lewin, Julius, Politics and Law in South Africa: Essays on Race Relations (London 1963).Google Scholar

¹⁷ One of his earliest writings is “Race Consciousness Among South African Natives,” American Journal of Sociology, XL, NO. 5 (March 1935), 569–81.Google Scholar

¹⁸ This assertion is true to the extent that only a small number of Americans are fluent in Afrikaans, which is a particularly necessary language despite the official use of English in South Africa. Many significant works on the country written in Afrikaans as well as much of the Nationalist press are not translated into English. At present, the United States Government has made a small (and belated) effort through the National Defense Education Act to underwrite the study of Afrikaans, which is taught by only one professor (William F. Roertgen) in one university (U.C.L.A.) in this country. To date, the number of National Defense Foreign Language grants to study Afrikaans has been extremely small.

¹⁹ The People Wept … (Kloof, Natal, published by the author, n.d.), 8.

²⁰ Hill, Christopher R., Bantustans: The Fragmentation of South Africa, issued under the auspices of the Institute of Race Relations (London and New York 1964), 20–42.Google Scholar

²¹ Houghton, 67–78, 135–37, 212–15. Houghton's comments, though, are quite guarded.

²² For a rather pedantic explanation of apartheid from the point of view of Afrikaner intellectuals, consult Rhoodie, N. J. and Venter, H. J., Apartheid: A Socio-Historical Exposition of the Origin and Development of the Apartheid Idea (Cape Town and Pretoria 1960).Google Scholar For a relatively sophisticated treatment by an English-speaking South African, see Manning, Charles A. W., “In Defense of Apartheid,” Foreign Affairs, XLIII, No. 1 (October 1964), 135–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

²³ See Lewin, 98–106; and Tatz, Colin M., Shadow and Substance in South Africa: A Study in Land and Franchise Policies Affecting Africans, 1910–1960 (Pietermaritzburg 1962), 208–9.Google Scholar

²⁴ Lasswell, , Politics: Who Gets What, When, How (New York 1958), 168.Google Scholar

²⁵ J. E. Spence, a South African who is currently a Visiting Lecturer in Political Science at U.C.L.A., correctly observed that the Africans' “… folk-heroes are likely to be Nelson Mandela [a prominent African nationalist who is now imprisoned as a result of the recent South African sabotage trial—the so-called Rivonia trial] rather than Kaiser Mantanzima [sic] …”(Republic under Pressure: A Study of South African Foreign Policy, Chatham House Essays No. 9, issued under the auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs [London, New York, Toronto 1965], 121).Google Scholar

²⁶ For a vigorous refutation of this argument, see Tambo, in Segal, 23–26.

²⁷ Kupcr, 54–56.

²⁸ See Wainhouse, David W., Remnants of Empire: The United Nations and the End of Colonialism, published for the Council on Foreign Relations (New York and Evanston 1964).Google Scholar

²⁹ See Landis, Elizabeth S., “South West Africa in the International Court: Act II, Scene 1,” Cornell Law Quarterly, XLIX, No. 2 (Winter 1964), 179–227Google Scholar; and Ballinger, Ronald B., “The International Court of Justice and the South West Africa Cases: Judgment of 21st December, 1962,” South African Law Journal, LXXXI, Part 1 (February 1964). 35–62.Google Scholar

³⁰ For a thorough and painstaking account of South Africa's mandatory policies, see Bradford, Robert L., “The Origin and Concession of the League of Nations' Class ‘C’ Mandate for South West Africa and Fulfilment of the Sacred Trust, 1919–1939,” unpubl. diss., Yale, 1965, esp. 159–443.Google Scholar

³¹ See “There Is a Gale Warning,” The Star (Johannesburg), weekly air ed., February 20, 1965, 10, cols. 4–5 (editorial).Google Scholar

³² See Munger, Edwin S., Notes on the Formation of South African Foreign Policy (Pasadena 1965), 86, 94.Google Scholar

³³ Cowan, Edward, “5-Year ‘Apartheid’ Case Nears End in World Court,” New York Times, November 7, 1965, 21, cols. 1–4.Google Scholar

³⁴ South African Government Department of Information, South African Digest (Pretoria), XII, No. 13 (April 2, 1965), 6.Google Scholar The Court, though, declined the invitation (Information Service of South Africa, South African Summary [New York], IV, No. 48 [December 1, 1965], 1Google Scholar).

³⁵ Ibid.

³⁶ See Ballinger, , “South West Africa after the Judgment,” Optima (Johannesburg), XIV, No. 3 (September 1964), 142–54.Google Scholar

³⁷ For a synopsis of this Report, see Mason, Philip, “Separate Development and South West Africa: Some Aspects of the Odendaal Report,” Race (London), V, No. 4 (April 1964). 83–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

³⁸ Spence, 113; “S.W.A. in Biggest Boom in History,” The Star, weekly air ed., January 23, 1965, 7, col. 5; “No Cause for Complacency,” ibid., January 23, 1965, 11, col. 1 (editorial); “Verwoerd's Mysterious Manoeuvre,” ibid., February 27, 1965, 3, cols. 3–5.

³⁹ See Gregory, Judith P., “The Conflict over the International Status of South West Africa, 1946–1961,” unpubl. M.A. thesis, Virginia, 1962, 110–11.Google Scholar Miss Gregory credits this suggestion to Professor Quincy Wright, the distinguished authority on the League mandates system.

⁴⁰ For a full treatment of this idea, see Darrell Randall, Factors of Economic Development and the Okovango Delta …, Program of Education and Research in Planning, Research Paper No. 3, Department of Geography Research Paper No. 47 (Chicago 1957). Dr. Randall is now the Director of the African Studies Program at American University.

⁴¹ “Hereros Think Majority Rule Would Hit Them,” The Star, weekly airmail ed., August 28, 1965, 8, cols. 1–2.

⁴² Mostert, Noel, “The Colonial Office: A Final Inventory,” The Reporter, XXXIII, No. 1 (July 1, 1965), 24–26.Google Scholar

⁴³ Information Service of South Africa, IV, No. 16 (April 16, 1965), 1.

⁴⁴ The position of this group is set forth in Gonze, CollinHouser, George M., and Sturges, Perry M., South African Crisis and United States Policy, Africa Today Pamphlet No. 5 (New York 1962)Google Scholar, and in “Partners in Apartheid,” Africa Today (New York), XI, No. 3 (March 1964).Google Scholar Particularly helpful on this point is Meisler, Stanley, “The US Congress and Africa,” Africa Report, IX, No. 8 (August 1964), 3–7.Google Scholar

⁴⁵ A. Maizels, “Economic Sanctions and South Africa's Trade,” 120–34; Brian Lapping, “Oil Sanctions Against South Africa,” 135–52; Roger Opie, “Gold,” 153–66; K. N. Raj, “Sanctions and the Indian Experience,” 197–203; and R. M. Bostock, “Sanctions and the High Commission Territories,” 204–33. Especially instructive is the essay in Segal by Peter Calvacoressi, “The Politics of Sanctions: The League and the United Nations,” 48–61.

⁴⁶ Katzen, Leo, “Implications of Economic and Other Boycotts for South Africa,” unpubl. paper presented to the annual council meeting of the South African Institute of Race Relations, January 1964Google Scholar, RR. 1/64, R.E.O'N.3.1.1964; and Enke, Stephen, “What Would Sanctions Involve?” Optima, XIV, No. 4 (December 1964), 183–89.Google Scholar