Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-42gr6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-17T20:50:04.928Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Weed seed rain, soil seedbanks, and seedling recruitment in no-tillage crop rotations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Theodore M. Webster ,
John Cardina  and
Anthony D. White
John Cardina
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
Anthony D. White
Affiliation:
Agricultural Research Center–Hays, Kansas State University, Hays, KS 67601
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Relationships among weed seed rain, soil seedbank, and seedling recruitment in no-tillage systems were studied from July 1993 to May 1996. Multiple regression analysis indicated that seedling recruitment of only six of the 25 weed species present was correlated with seed rain samples from the previous autumn, spring soil seedbank samples, or a combination of the two. However, seedling recruitment of the dominant annual grasses (yellow foxtail, giant foxtail, and fall panicum in Field 1–1994, Field 2–1995, and Field 3–1996, respectively) was related to seedbank populations or a combination of seedbank and seed rain densities. These grasses accounted for at least 32% of the emerged seedlings, 12 to 78% of the seedbank, and 16 to 77% of the seed rain. Seedling recruitment of large crabgrass and two broadleaf species, Virginia copperleaf and wild carrot, also were described by seedbank densities or a combination of seedbank and seed rain densities. However, both the broadleaf species were minor components of the cropping system, representing ≤ 4% of all seedlings. In each year, the sum of all weeds in the seedbank exceeded 1,300 seeds m−2 (0 to 10 cm deep). The fraction of the total seedbank that emerged each year ranged from 3 to 17%, but there was great variability among species. The aforementioned dominant grasses ranged in emergence from 3 to 25% of their seedbanks. Emergence of other species ranged from a low of 1% for common lambsquarters up to 41% for large crabgrass. Prediction of seedling recruitment from seed rain or seedbank densities was variable; however, combining both components improved the fit of regression describing seedling recruitment.

Keywords

Common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. CHEALfall panicum, Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. PANDIgiant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm. SETFAlarge crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. DIGSAVirginia copperleaf, Acalypha virginica L. ACCVIwild carrot, Daucus carota L. DAUCAyellow foxtail, Setaria (Poir.) Roem & Schult SETLUBuried seedseedbankseedling recruitmentseed trapsseed rainsoil seed reserve
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 51 , Issue 4 , August 2003 , pp. 569 - 575
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Abul-Fatih, H. A., Bazzaz, F. A., and Hunt, R. 1979. The biology of Ambrosia trifida L. III. Growth, and biomass allocation. New Phytol. 83:829–838.Google Scholar
Amatangelo, J. 1974. Infestation of seeds of Ambrosia trifida, giant ragweed, by larval insects. Bios 45–47:15–18.Google Scholar
Ball, D. A. and Miller, S. D. 1989. A comparison of techniques for estimation of arable soil seedbanks and their relation to weed flora. Weed Res. 29:365–373.Google Scholar
Barberi, P., Macchia, M., and Bonari, E. 1998. Comparison between the seed extraction and seedling emergence methods for weed seedbank evaluation. Asp. Appl. Biol. 51:9–14.Google Scholar
Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 1992. Role of temperature and light in the germination ecology of buried seeds of weedy species of disturbed forests. I. Lobelia inflata . Can. J. Bot. 70:589–592.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D. 1995. Influence of tillage systems on weed population dynamics and management in corn and soybean production in the central USA. Crop Sci. 35:1247–1257.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D., Hartzler, R. G., and Forcella, F. 1997. Implications of weed seedbank dynamics to weed management. Weed Sci. 45:329–336.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D. and Mester, T. C. 1991. Effect of tillage systems on the emergence depth of giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) and green foxtail (Setaria viridis). Weed Sci. 39:200–209.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D., Mester, T. C., and Kohler, K. A. 1996. The effect of maize residues and tillage on emergence of Setaria faberi, Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Chenopodium album . Weed Res. 36:153–165.Google Scholar
Cardina, J. and Norquay, H. M. 1997. Seed production and seedbank dynamics in subthreshold velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) populations. Weed Sci. 45:85–90.Google Scholar
Cardina, J., Regnier, E., and Harrison, K. 1991. Long-term tillage effects on seed banks in three Ohio soils. Weed Sci. 39:186–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cardina, J. and Sparrow, D. H. 1996. A comparison of methods to predict weed seedling populations from the soil seedbank. Weed Sci. 44:46–51.Google Scholar
Cardina, J., Webster, T. M., and Herms, C. P. 1998. Long-term tillage and rotation effects on soil seedbank characteristics. Asp. Appl. Biol. 51:213–220.Google Scholar
Crawley, M. J. 1992. Seed predators and plant population dynamics. Pages 157–191 In Fenner, M., ed. Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.Google Scholar
Dessaint, F., Chadoeuf, R., and Barralis, G. 1997. Nine yr's soil seedbank and weed vegetation relations in an arable field without weed control. J. Appl. Ecol. 34:123–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fausey, J. C. and Renner, K. A. 1997. Germination, emergence, and growth of giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) and fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum). Weed Sci. 45:423–425.Google Scholar
Forcella, F. 1992. Prediction of weed seedling densities from buried seed reserves. Weed Res. 32:29–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forcella, F., Peterson, D. H., and Barbour, J. C. 1996. Timing and measurement of weed seed shed in corn (Zea mays). Weed Technol. 10:535–543.Google Scholar
Forcella, F., Wilson, R. G., Dekker, J., et al. 1997. Weed seedbank emergence across the corn belt. Weed Sci. 45:67–76.Google Scholar
Forcella, F., Wilson, R. G., Renner, K. A., Dekker, J., Harvey, R. G., Alm, D. A., Buhler, D. D., and Cardina, J. 1992. Weed seedbanks of the U.S. corn belt: magnitude, variation, emergence, and application. Weed Sci. 40:636–644.Google Scholar
Granstrom, A. 1982. Seedbanks in five boreal forest stands originating between 1810 and 1963. Can. J. Bot. 60:1815–1821.Google Scholar
Gross, K. 1990. A comparison of methods for estimating seed numbers in the soil. J. Ecol. 78:1079–1093.Google Scholar
Harrison, S. K., Regnier, E. E., Schmoll, J. T., and Webb, J. E. 2001. Competition and fecundity of giant ragweed in corn. Weed Sci. 49:224–229.Google Scholar
Hartzler, R. G. 1996. Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) population dynamics following a single year's seed rain. Weed Technol. 10:581–586.Google Scholar
Jensen, K. 1998. Species composition of soil seed bank and seed rain of abandoned wet meadows and their relation to aboveground vegetation. Flora 193:345–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liebman, M., Drummond, F. A., Corson, S., and Zhang, J. 1996. Tillage and rotation crop effects on weed dynamics in potato production systems. Agron. J. 88:18–26.Google Scholar
Lindquist, J. L., Maxwell, B. D., Buhler, D. D., and Gunsolus, J. L. 1995. Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) recruitment, survival, seed production, and interference in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 43:226–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Regnier, E. E., Harrison, S. K., and Schmoll, J. T. 2000. Seed losses in giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida). Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr. 40:99.Google Scholar
Roberts, H. A. 1981. Seedbanks in soils. Adv. Appl. Biol. 6:1–55.Google Scholar
Roberts, H. A. and Ricketts, M. E. 1979. Quantitative relations between the weed flora after cultivation and the seed population in the soil. Weed Res. 19:269–275.Google Scholar
Selleck, G. W. 1980. Fall panicum: weed on the increase. Weeds Today 11:15.Google Scholar
Staricka, J. A., Burford, P. M., Allmaras, R. R., and Nelson, W. W. 1990. Tracing the vertical distribution of simulated shattered seeds as related to tillage. Agron. J. 82:1131–1134.Google Scholar
Swanton, C. J., Shrestha, A., Knezevic, S. Z., Roy, R. C., and Ball-Coelho, B. R. 2000. Influence of tillage type on vertical weed seedbank distribution in a sandy soil. Can. J. Plant Sci. 80:455–457.Google Scholar
Thompson, K. 1986. Small-scale heterogeneity in the seedbank of an acidic grassland. J. Ecol. 74:733–738.Google Scholar
Triplett, G. B. and Lytle, G. D. 1972. Control and ecology of weeds in continuous corn grown without tillage. Weed Sci. 20:453–457.Google Scholar
Vitolo, D. B. and Stiles, E. W. 1987. The effect of density of Ambrosia trifida L. on seed predation by Euaresta festiva (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae). J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc. 95:491–494.Google Scholar
Webster, T. M., Cardina, J., and Loux, M. M. 1998a. The influence of weed management in wheat (Triticum aestivum) stubble on weed control in corn (Zea mays). Weed Technol. 12:522–526.Google Scholar
Webster, T. M., Cardina, J., and Norquay, H. M. 1998b. Tillage and seed depth effects on velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) emergence. Weed Sci. 46:76–82.Google Scholar
Wilson, R. G., Kerr, E. D., and Nelson, L. A. 1985. Potential for using weed seed content in the soil to predict future weed problems. Weed Sci. 33:171–175.Google Scholar
Yenish, J. P., Doll, J. D., and Buhler, D. D. 1992. Effects of tillage on vertical distribution and viability of weed seed in soil. Weed Sci. 40:429–433.Google Scholar
Zhang, J., Hamill, A. S., Gardner, I. O., and Weaver, S. E. 1998. Dependence of weed flora on the active soil seedbank. Weed Res. 38:143–152.Google Scholar